Linux-Misc Digest #664, Volume #25 Mon, 4 Sep 00 06:13:05 EDT
Contents:
Re: Is there a limit to the number of files in 1 directory? (Paul Colquhoun)
Re: PPP works but web browsers don't (Arturo C)
Re: how to create hard-linked directories? (Steffen 'Mugge' Chmil)
Re: can't umount /usr/ (Andreas Kahari)
Re: Linux Mail Server (Chris Stratford)
creating rescue disks for kernel-2.2/libc6 (Ray Fencey)
Linux Counter: 154969 registered Linux users ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
backup os? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
backup os? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Paul Colquhoun)
Subject: Re: Is there a limit to the number of files in 1 directory?
Reply-To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2000 08:15:47 GMT
On Sun, 3 Sep 2000 20:32:36 +0100, Dave T <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
|Is there a limit to the number of files you can have in 1 directory in
|Linux.
|
|I'm approaching over 50,000 files in 1 directory.
I don't think there is a limit other than the file size limit.
A directory is just a special file, and is subject to the (current)
2Gb file size limit.
That said, lookup times will deteriorate well before then. If possible,
split thei directory into subdirectories and store the files sorted
by some category in the subdirectories.
Using the first 1 or 2 characters of the file name would do if there
are no other categories.
--
Reverend Paul Colquhoun, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Universal Life Church http://andor.dropbear.id.au/~paulcol
-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-=*=-
xenaphobia: The fear of being beaten to a pulp by
a leather-clad, New Zealand woman.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Arturo C)
Subject: Re: PPP works but web browsers don't
Date: 4 Sep 2000 07:43:08 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
On Mon, 4 Sep 2000 14:56:52 +0800, Chew GH <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>I managed to get my winmodem working in Linux with the help of ltmodem. I
>could connect to my ISP via PPP after consulting the detailed PPP-howto. It
>wo
If /sbin/ifconfig shows a pppX device then your're up and running.
The problem could be with not knowing the DNS servers you use. Get
your ISP's DNS ip addresses and add them to:
/etc/resolve.conf
nameserver xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
nameserver xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
No reboot necessary. :)
Arturo C
------------------------------
From: Steffen 'Mugge' Chmil <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: how to create hard-linked directories?
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2000 10:50:31 +0200
I understand, that hard-link directories are unnatural in method of
working of the ext2-file-system...
The background was to link some (ro) dirs to the root of a root-changed
ProFTP-deamon where symlinks doesn't work.
But the report of your ext2-adventure makes me think about an other
solution:)
Thanks!
Steffen
------------------------------
Subject: Re: can't umount /usr/
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Andreas Kahari)
Date: 4 Sep 2000 10:56:02 +0100
In article <8oucfi$ul7$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Tony <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>When shutting down the OS it reports a problem of not being able to
>umount /usr/. I have tried to umount -f /usr/ and I've tried remounting
>/usr/ in read only, but I can't seem to do anything. How can one umount
>a drive that is busy?
>
>If a drive is busy, how can you tell why it's busy?
I can't answer those q's, but...
> Is there a way to
> see what files are open or in use?
Use 'lsof'.
/A
--
Andreas Kähäri, <URL:http://hello.to/andkaha/>.
All junk e-mail will be reported to the appropriate authorities.
========================================================================
The important thing is not to stop questioning.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Chris Stratford)
Crossposted-To:
alt.os.linux,comp.os.linux.networking,comp.os.linux.setup,uk.comp.os.linux
Subject: Re: Linux Mail Server
Date: 4 Sep 2000 09:08:34 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
In article <8op6rh$495$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Darren Wyn Rees <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>> I'd avoid Qmail if at all possible - it has definite problems when
>> things get that large.
> Would you define one or two definites ?
Ok, here are two of the more irritating "features":
The primary one is that accepting incoming messages takes priority
over actually delivering them. When your server is pretty small and
not getting much traffic that's not a problem. When you reach larger
volumes of incoming traffic Qmail still accepts messages but they just
sit around in the preprocessed queue.
Another problem is its behaviour when trying to deliver messages to a
site that's unavailable. Qmail will start to deliver each message
(one message only per connection - not exactly network friendly) even
when it knows that the site it's trying to deliver to is unavailable.
It has to start a new process before it finds out that the delivery
isn't going to succeed. Again, for small sites that's not really a
problem, but for larger ones this quickly eats resources that would be
better used elsewhere (take a look at the Qmail list archives for the
number of times people have seen this problem when the likes of
Hotmail disappears off the network for a while.)
Chris.
------------------------------
From: Ray Fencey <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: creating rescue disks for kernel-2.2/libc6
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2000 09:29:19 GMT
hi all
i've been trying to create a root disk for my linux-2.2/libc6 system but
have ran into a few problems.
previously, i have been able to create such root disks when i had a
libc5 system, writting everything onto a ramdisk, but putting on libc6
and misc utils requires much more space than the default ramdisk size of
4096
my questions are:
* how easily can i dump up the default ramdisk size; ramdisk is built as
a loadable module on my box
* following on to above - do i really need a ramdisk, or can i just use
a tmp directory off my local filesystem?
* if after i get all the utils/libs required for the root disk, but if
the compressed image is larger than the size of a 1.44mb floppy, can the
root disk be split across multiple floppies?
thanks for any info
ray
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Linux Counter: 154969 registered Linux users
Date: 4 Sep 2000 09:55:27 GMT
This is the monthly report from the Linux Usage Counter.
It is posted on the 1st of every month on the newsgroup
comp.os.linux.misc, and on the Linux Counter "announce" list.
Registration and information is available via the World
Wide Web; connect to URL http://counter.li.org/
This is the preferred interface to the counter.
NOTE: You can UPDATE your record in the counter if you have
your registration key, which was sent to you when you registered.
EMAIL:
To enter your registration into the statistics, send an E-mail to
[EMAIL PROTECTED], with the SUBJECT line containing the word "Linux",
such as:
I use Linux at home
I use Linux at work
I use Linux at school
Any questions should be adressed to the maintainer of the counter,
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Good luck!
=================================================================
This is the Linux Counter summary as of Mon Sep 4 09:40:29 2000
There are 154969 persons registerd.
3023 users have been registered by friends.
There are 80814 machines registered.
I guesstimate that between 0.2% and 5% of all Linux users have
registered with the Linux Counter.
So the total number of Linux users is probably between
3,099,380 and 77,484,500 people.
WHERE LINUX USERS LIVE
The table is sorted by number of Linux users divided by population
No Country Pers Fri Mach P/Mpop Mpop
======================================================================
1 IS Iceland 220 4 100 813.9 0.3
2 NO Norway 3303 49 1468 753.5 4.4
3 FI Finland 3424 55 1756 670.7 5.1
4 DK Denmark 3214 17 1229 612.2 5.2
5 SE Sweden 5009 60 2401 562.7 8.9
6 AQ Antarctica 2 0 0 486.0 0.0
7 NF Norfolk Island 1 0 0 452.7 0.0
8 FO Faroe Islands 18 0 2 410.4 0.0
9 EE Estonia 531 16 323 363.8 1.5
10 SI Slovenia 668 8 177 342.3 2.0
11 GI Gibraltar 8 1 11 278.1 0.0
12 NL Netherlands 3977 51 2015 255.5 15.6
13 CA Canada 6361 83 3295 220.7 28.8
14 MC Monaco 7 1 4 220.7 0.0
15 AT Austria 1746 31 988 217.6 8.0
16 LU Luxembourg 87 0 42 209.2 0.4
17 AU Australia 3395 50 1932 185.9 18.3
18 IE Ireland 654 5 283 183.4 3.6
19 NZ New Zealand 640 3 387 180.4 3.5
20 CH Switzerland 1247 16 748 173.0 7.2
21 US USA 45943 832 23535 172.4 266.5
22 CY Cyprus 124 0 16 166.5 0.7
23 BE Belgium 1637 525 835 161.0 10.2
24 HU Hungary 1548 48 849 154.8 10.0
25 DE Germany 10839 187 5706 129.8 83.5
26 LI Liechtenstein 4 0 3 128.5 0.0
27 SG Singapore 413 7 158 121.6 3.4
28 PT Portugal 1164 9 353 118.0 9.9
29 FR France 6612 111 2587 113.4 58.3
30 AD Andorra 8 0 6 109.9 0.1
31 ES Spain 4188 32 1198 106.9 39.2
32 KR Korea (South) 4809 19 499 105.7 45.5
33 GB Great Britain 6081 109 3126 104.0 58.5
34 GL Greenland 6 0 1 103.1 0.1
35 PL Poland 3881 55 1627 100.4 38.6
36 IL Israel 523 13 249 96.5 5.4
37 KY Cayman Islands 3 0 3 86.6 0.0
38 VG Virgin Islands (British) 1 0 0 75.8 0.0
39 CZ Czech Republic 748 21 437 72.5 10.3
40 BG Bulgaria 586 6 226 68.0 8.6
41 LT Lithuania 235 3 111 64.5 3.6
42 CR Costa Rica 210 0 86 60.6 3.5
43 HR Croatia 298 6 82 59.6 5.0
44 PW Palau 1 0 0 59.0 0.0
45 UY Uruguay 189 0 45 58.4 3.2
46 GR Greece 608 13 234 57.7 10.5
47 NC New Caledonia 10 0 14 53.3 0.2
48 IT Italy 3029 64 1237 52.7 57.5
49 BM Bermuda 3 0 4 48.3 0.1
50 GU Guam 7 0 2 44.6 0.2
51 AW Aruba 3 0 0 44.3 0.1
52 VE Venezuela 965 3 165 43.9 22.0
53 SV El Salvador 251 0 30 43.1 5.8
54 BB Barbados 11 0 3 42.8 0.3
55 BR Brazil 6958 59 1389 42.8 162.7
56 BN Brunei 12 0 7 40.0 0.3
57 MT Malta 15 0 9 39.9 0.4
58 RO Romania 842 36 411 38.9 21.7
59 SC Seychelles 3 0 0 38.7 0.1
60 SK Slovakia 206 1 130 38.3 5.4
61 MV Maldives 10 0 1 36.9 0.3
62 AR Argentina 1208 6 330 34.8 34.7
63 VI Virgin Islands (U.S.) 3 0 1 30.9 0.1
64 LV Latvia 71 0 48 28.8 2.5
65 CL Chile 406 6 151 28.3 14.3
66 TW Taiwan 606 5 199 28.2 21.5
67 MY Malaysia 533 6 129 26.7 20.0
68 MX Mexico 2549 18 436 26.6 95.8
69 RE Reunion 18 0 6 26.5 0.7
70 ZA South Africa 1095 10 465 26.2 41.7
71 PR Puerto Rico 95 0 21 24.9 3.8
72 TT Trinidad and Tobago 31 1 5 24.4 1.3
73 FM Micronesia, Federated States 3 0 0 23.9 0.1
74 BS Bahamas 6 0 2 23.1 0.3
75 AN Netherlands Antilles 4 0 1 19.1 0.2
76 MP Northern Mariana Islands 1 0 1 19.1 0.1
77 BH Bahrain 11 0 5 18.6 0.6
78 BZ Belize 4 0 7 18.2 0.2
79 PA Panama 48 0 20 18.1 2.7
80 PF French Polynesia 4 0 4 17.8 0.2
81 AM Armenia 60 0 9 17.3 3.5
82 GP Guadeloupe 7 0 5 17.2 0.4
83 MH Marshall Islands 1 0 0 17.1 0.1
84 KW Kuwait 33 0 13 16.9 2.0
85 MO Macau 8 0 1 16.1 0.5
86 AG Antigua and Barbuda 1 0 2 15.2 0.1
87 TR Turkey 907 9 188 14.5 62.5
88 CO Colombia 520 3 157 14.1 36.8
89 RU Russia 1985 34 754 13.4 148.2
90 AE United Arab Emirates 40 1 15 13.1 3.1
91 YU Yugoslavia (Serbia and Monte 139 6 77 12.9 10.8
92 DM Dominica 1 0 0 12.1 0.1
93 MU Mauritius 13 0 4 11.4 1.1
94 NA Namibia 19 0 11 11.3 1.7
95 TN Tunisia 102 0 15 11.3 9.0
96 VU Vanuatu 2 0 3 11.3 0.2
97 PY Paraguay 62 0 14 11.3 5.5
98 QA Qatar 6 1 3 11.0 0.5
99 BA Bosnia and Herzegovina 29 0 4 10.9 2.7
100 MQ Martinique 4 0 2 10.0 0.4
101 UA Ukraine 498 10 213 9.8 50.9
102 CU Cuba 98 6 26 8.9 11.0
103 VC Saint Vincent and the Grenad 1 0 0 8.4 0.1
104 MK Macedonia 16 2 4 7.6 2.1
105 JP Japan 945 6 287 7.5 125.4
106 BO Bolivia 50 0 12 7.0 7.2
107 ST Sao Tome and Principe 1 0 0 6.9 0.1
108 BY Belarus 71 5 29 6.8 10.4
109 LC Saint Lucia 1 0 0 6.3 0.2
110 EC Ecuador 71 0 15 6.2 11.5
111 PH Philippines 454 4 89 6.1 74.5
112 MD Moldova 26 0 8 5.8 4.5
113 LB Lebanon 20 1 6 5.3 3.8
114 PE Peru 127 0 28 5.2 24.5
115 JM Jamaica 13 0 3 5.0 2.6
116 DO Dominican Republic 40 0 12 4.9 8.1
117 SR Suriname 2 0 4 4.6 0.4
118 GT Guatemala 51 0 10 4.5 11.3
119 CM Cameroon 64 0 8 4.5 14.3
120 TH Thailand 243 3 85 4.1 58.9
121 BW Botswana 6 0 3 4.1 1.5
122 HN Honduras 21 0 7 3.7 5.6
123 NI Nicaragua 14 0 4 3.3 4.3
124 MN Mongolia 7 0 5 2.8 2.5
125 OM Oman 6 0 1 2.7 2.2
126 PS Palestine 7 0 0 2.7 2.6
127 KZ Kazakhstan 43 0 18 2.5 16.9
128 ID Indonesia 521 34 156 2.5 206.6
129 JO Jordan 9 0 3 2.1 4.2
130 AL Albania 5 1 4 1.5 3.2
131 GE Georgia 8 0 29 1.5 5.2
132 LK Sri Lanka 28 1 2 1.5 18.6
133 SA Saudi Arabia 28 0 10 1.4 19.4
134 GY Guyana 1 0 0 1.4 0.7
135 KG Kyrgyzstan 6 0 2 1.3 4.5
136 AZ Azerbaijan 10 0 3 1.3 7.7
137 IN India 1215 16 312 1.3 952.1
138 ZM Zambia 11 0 4 1.2 9.2
139 NP Nepal 26 0 0 1.2 22.1
140 ZW Zimbabwe 13 0 8 1.2 11.3
141 PG Papua New Guinea 5 0 1 1.1 4.4
142 CN China 1345 4 237 1.1 1210.0
143 EG Egypt 70 1 9 1.1 63.6
144 MA Morocco 31 0 14 1.0 29.8
145 UZ Uzbekistan 24 0 8 1.0 23.4
146 DZ Algeria 27 0 10 0.9 29.2
147 GA Gabon 1 0 3 0.9 1.2
148 PK Pakistan 89 5 14 0.7 129.3
149 IR Iran 44 0 22 0.7 66.1
150 CI Cote d'Ivoire 9 0 5 0.6 14.8
151 MG Madagascar 8 0 4 0.6 13.7
152 LY Libya 3 0 1 0.6 5.4
153 NE Niger 5 0 0 0.5 9.1
154 KE Kenya 14 0 4 0.5 28.2
155 VN Vietnam 35 0 4 0.5 74.0
156 SN Senegal 4 0 0 0.4 9.1
157 MR Mauritania 1 0 0 0.4 2.3
158 MZ Mozambique 6 0 2 0.3 17.9
159 BD Bangladesh 39 0 8 0.3 123.1
160 CF Central African Republic 1 0 0 0.3 3.3
161 RW Rwanda 2 0 0 0.3 6.9
162 ER Eritrea 1 0 0 0.3 3.4
163 BF Burkina Faso 3 0 1 0.3 10.6
164 TM Turkmenistan 1 0 1 0.2 4.1
165 TG Togo 1 0 0 0.2 4.6
166 LA Laos 1 0 2 0.2 5.0
167 KH Cambodia 2 0 1 0.2 10.9
168 TZ Tanzania 5 0 0 0.2 29.1
169 TJ Tajikistan 1 0 1 0.2 5.9
170 HT Haiti 1 0 1 0.1 6.7
171 UG Uganda 2 0 0 0.1 20.2
172 AO Angola 1 0 0 0.1 10.3
173 YE Yemen 1 0 1 0.1 13.5
174 SY Syria 1 0 0 0.1 15.6
175 ET Ethiopia 3 0 0 0.1 57.2
176 NG Nigeria 5 0 1 0.0 103.9
177 XW The World (Somewhere in it) 265 207 1 0.0 5771.9
178 SD Sudan 1 0 0 0.0 31.5
179 CD Democratic Congo 1 0 0 0.0 46.5
180 WF Wallis and Futuna Islands 1 0 1 0.0 0.0
WHERE PEOPLE USE LINUX
Place Users Percent
==============================
school 31693 20.74%
home 135713 88.83%
not used 21 0.01%
work 65112 42.62%
somewhere 2889 1.89%
==============================
TOTAL 152784 100.00%
NOTE: The total is the 152784 users who answered this question.
Some gave more than one answer, so the number of answers is 235428
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.development.system
Subject: backup os?
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2000 09:49:54 GMT
Well, the security of one OS is becoming more and more important.
However, there are some unexpectable catastrophes (not only the hack),
which will destory the whole system. So there is such backup system: the
second computer is runing the same pace of the first computer, then even
the first computer crashs for some reason, the second computer can start
work in very short time. Now, I like to ask you, is there such function
which is finish by linux? Sorry, I even don't know the name of such
system: backup os? or other name people have used? Any discussions of
such os are wolcome.
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: backup os?
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2000 09:50:49 GMT
Well, the security of one OS is becoming more and more important.
However, there are some unexpectable catastrophes (not only the hack),
which will destory the whole system. So there is such backup system: the
second computer is runing the same pace of the first computer, then even
the first computer crashs for some reason, the second computer can start
work in very short time. Now, I like to ask you, is there such function
which is finish by linux? Sorry, I even don't know the name of such
system: backup os? or other name people have used? Any discussions of
such os are wolcome.
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
** FOR YOUR REFERENCE **
The service address, to which questions about the list itself and requests
to be added to or deleted from it should be directed, is:
Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
You can send mail to the entire list (and comp.os.linux.misc) via:
Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Linux may be obtained via one of these FTP sites:
ftp.funet.fi pub/Linux
tsx-11.mit.edu pub/linux
sunsite.unc.edu pub/Linux
End of Linux-Misc Digest
******************************
