> However, there seems to be no cache synchronisation. Similar point for
> consistent mappings which are basically a combination of
> __get_free_pages() and __pa() for x86 in arch/i386/kernel/pci-dma.c
> 
> So my question was directed to what I've probably missed that ensures
> cache synchronisation for DMA-mappings on x86.

Hardware. The x86 PC class machine is hardware cache coherent all the way.
They also have strict in order store ordering and other nice properties - all
at a cost.

The -ac kernel supports out of order store handling on the Winchip processors
and its worth up to 20% performance increase. There you will find barriers
in the pci_map code just like you'd expect (look at CONFIG_X86_OOSTORE in a 
current -ac if curious)



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