Hi there, regarding logins and related tools:
In the previous version, we've had id, last, who and w. Keeping id is a no brainer, I think seeing who is currently logged in and who was logged in the past is useful to understand the concepts of a multi user system, too. Therefore I'd like to propose keeping w and including both last and wtmpdb last. That way candidates will be able to query this data and any distribution, especially during the current transition phase which will likely won't be completed when we release the new exam version. In any case, I would not go into the details of the various storage backends. If we have to pick, I'd probably vote for wtmpdb last, but that might be a subject of further discussion. The old list of commands containing id, last, who and w is now id, w, last, wtmpdb last As usual, keep following up for any fine tuning. Fabian On Tue, Feb 3, 2026 at 3:39 PM Fabian Thorns <[email protected]> wrote: > Hi there, > > Let's focus on distributions and package management. > > I do see a point in being aware of Alpine and apk, since Alpine is indeed > widely used in containers. I've added Alpine to objective 1.1. I would, > however, stay away from immutable distros in Linux Essentials, and I would > not include ArchLinux and Pacman, that is far beyond Essentials level. > > In 1.2, I've added apk to the list of package managers but also changed > 'Package management tools and repositories' to 'Software packages and > repositories' and 'Awareness of package management tools'. There are too > many different tools to ask for any specific syntax, but knowing which tool > to further research on a specific distribution, along with understanding > the principle of package repositories should be fine. > > Raspberry Pi OS is effectively a Debian based distro, so there is not a > lot to know about it regarding Linux Essentials, except that Debian/Ubuntu > knowledge applies to it as well. And that's exactly the information > candidates who use a Raspberry Pi should know. Havin that distro in > objective 1.1 effectively just complements having awareness of the hardware > in objective 4.2. > > Similarly, Android is mentioned in 1.1, so candidates should know how it > relates to Linux. I've rephrased 'Android' to 'Awareness of Android and its > relation to Linux' to define the scope of this objective. I wouldn't > include any additional details in Linux Essentials, i.e. not third party > app stores etc. since they have a lot of security aspects we'd have to add > in addition, too. > > Eventually, all distributions in Linux Essentials are currently close to > awareness level, we do not test any distro-specific technical details. > Therefore I'd prefer to keep SUSE, to ensure candidates get a good idea of > major linux distributions, i.e. the ones they will likely face in their > schools, during an internship or even when starting a job. Feel free to go > into further discussion :) > > Fabian > > > On Mon, Jan 19, 2026 at 5:29 PM Lutz Badenheuer via lpi-examdev < > [email protected]> wrote: > >> Hello, >> >> Am Montag, 19. Januar 2026, 15:29:32 CET schrieb Bryan Smith via >> lpi-examdev: >> > SYNOPSYS: >> > - Apt and DNF should be covered (focus) >> > - Pacman and Zypper should be considered (awareness) >> >> with respect to containerization i'd suggest to be aware of Alpine's >> apk(1). >> >> Kind regards, >> Lutz Badenheuer >> >> >> >> _______________________________________________ >> lpi-examdev mailing list >> [email protected] >> https://list.lpi.org/mailman/listinfo/lpi-examdev > > > > -- > Fabian Thorns <[email protected]> GPG: F1426B12 > Director of Product Development, Linux Professional Institute > -- Fabian Thorns <[email protected]> GPG: F1426B12 Director of Product Development, Linux Professional Institute
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