It is most likely a larger size shawm. Bass and larger 16th C recorders
usually had a removable cap, often with a brass band on the end,
similar to the ones on the fontanelle (the "pepper-pot" covering the
little finger key). You would see this even if the instrument were
turned so that the window was facing away from you. The edge between
the side and the top of the cap was typically beveled. You don't see
any of this in the painting. Also, the instrument in the painting is a
bit slender looking for a recorder of that size, but not for a shawm.
Compare the painting with the Praetorius woodcuts.
(Without getting into the theorbo debate, the woodcuts correlate pretty
well with surviving instruments for the woodwinds.)
...Bob
I'd guess a great bass recorder, especially since there are other
recorders in the pictures. It's not a bassoon or dulcian. Those have
a U-shaped structure, and this looks like a single bore instrument.
FWIW, the only extended tenor shawms I've seen (one of them in our
loud band) use a slightly bent bocal, not the bassoon-like one in
the picture, and the top of the instrument is not nearly as broad,
but there could be other designs I'm not aware of.
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