Amir Karger wrote: > > On Tue, Sep 11, 2001 at 12:43:05PM +0300, Robin Turner wrote: > > On Tuesday 11 September 2001 02:59, John Levon wrote: > > > > > > this sounds like a great idea ! > > > > How should I submit it? As an attached .lyx doc? > > Probably easiest if you just submit a Word file, so everyone will be able to > read it. [repeats the incantation against trolls] Here it is. The first letter is a bit of frivolity which not all readers may like. Robin
#LyX 1.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ \lyxformat 220 \textclass article \language english \inputencoding latin5 \fontscheme default \graphics default \paperfontsize default \spacing single \papersize Default \paperpackage a4 \use_geometry 0 \use_amsmath 0 \use_natbib 0 \use_numerical_citations 0 \paperorientation portrait \secnumdepth 3 \tocdepth 3 \paragraph_separation indent \defskip medskip \quotes_language english \quotes_times 2 \papercolumns 1 \papersides 1 \paperpagestyle default \layout Subsection Using different fonts in LyX \layout Standard by \noun on Robin Turner \layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status Open \layout Standard \backslash newfont{ \backslash yinit}{yinit scaled \backslash magstep1} \backslash yinit \end_inset \layout Standard L \begin_inset ERT status Open \layout Standard \backslash normalfont \end_inset yX currently uses a fairly limited selection of fonts. While it may come as a disappointment to people used to the thousands of fonts available to conventional word processors, there are in fact good reasons for this choice. LyX has no fonts of its own; for the screen it uses whatever fonts are available to the X-window system, and for output it uses the fonts of the TeX setup it is operating with. The selection of default faults correspond to the most useful and commonly found fonts available in TeX. For example, the first letter of this section, uses the Initial (yinit) font. You have \emph on probably \emph default got this in your TeX distribution, so it \emph on should \emph default come out as a big pretty gothic letter, but if you haven't, it won't. Another factor is that the profusion of fonts which TrueType brought about has generally had a bad effect on desktop publishing, leading to documents with inappropriate, badly-scaled or simply too many fonts. You should therefore think carefully before using a different default font, or mixing font families in the same document. \layout Standard \noun on Note \noun default : When trying out the various methods here, it's a good idea to make up a test file containing a variety of headings and character styles, so that you can see the effect different font commands have; for example, many fonts will refuse to do headings. \layout Subsubsection Changing the default font \layout Standard The easiest and most reliable way to change the default font is from within LyX, through \family sans Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator Fonts \family default . The next easiest is to use a package contained in your TeX distribution. For example, the rather pretty Pandora font family can be accessed simply by putting \family typewriter \backslash usepackage{pandora} \family default in your LaTeX preamble ( \family sans Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator LaTeX\SpecialChar ~ preamble \family default ). Similarly, \family typewriter \backslash usepackage{oldgerm} \family default in the preamble gives you access to Yannis Haralambous' Old German (Gothisch) fonts via the specially-defined \family typewriter \backslash gothfamily \family default , \family typewriter \backslash swabfamily \family default , and \family typewriter \backslash frakfamily \family default commands, which you insert in your document (as TeX) to obtain the desired font (note that nothing will change in your screen display, which considering the difficulty involved in reading some of these fonts is just as well). Other useful packages are \family typewriter concrete \family default , which gives access to both the Concrete Roman and the Euler math fonts, and \family typewriter chancery \family default , which gives you the Zapf Chancery fonts. \layout Standard A less reliable method is the \family typewriter \backslash familydefault \family default command. If you have a font installed and know its family name, you can put something like \layout Quote \family typewriter \backslash renewcommand{ \backslash familydefault}{rpxppl} \layout Standard in the preamble ( \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset rpxppl \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset is the family name for the Palladio fonts). \layout Standard You should be aware that these methods may produce strange results if the font you have selected does not have the sizes or shapes you want (e.g. adding emphasis to text has no effect on Zapf Chancery, and choosing the sans serif or typewriter series will cause it to revert to the standard font). \layout Subsubsection More than one font family in one document \layout Standard As I've said, different font families in the same document can spell trouble. Unlike many human families, the members of a font family work well together, so the eye is not overly disturbed when changing from a medium roman to a bold sans serif font, for example. Different font families may not have this visual compatibility, and clashing fonts are a common reason for amateur publishing looking amateurish. (End of sermon.) \layout Standard Nevertheless, you may need different fonts for some reason: you may have to include a different alphabet, like Elvish or Cuneiform \begin_inset Foot collapsed true \layout Standard These can be downloaded from CTAN. Remember, though, that some \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset normal \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset fonts can be turned into a different alphabet by changing the font encoding; see a good LaTeX book if you want to do this. \end_inset , or maybe you want a structural effect such as putting poetry in a different font from prose, like this: \layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status Open \layout Standard \backslash newfont{ \backslash zapf}{pzcmi} \layout Standard \backslash zapf \end_inset \layout Verse Myself when young did eagerly frequent \newline Doctor and Saint, and heard great Argument \layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status Collapsed \layout Standard \backslash normalfont \end_inset One way to do this is to declare your own font commands. For example, writing \layout Quote \family typewriter \backslash newfont{ \backslash avant}{pagd} \layout Standard will define a command, \family typewriter \backslash avant \family default , which can be invoked anywhere in your document to change to the \begin_inset ERT status Open \layout Standard \backslash newfont{ \backslash avant}{pagd} \backslash avant \end_inset Avant Garde font. \begin_inset ERT status Collapsed \layout Standard \backslash normalfont \end_inset You can return to your default font by typing \family typewriter \backslash normalfont \family default . \layout Standard \noun on Warning! \noun default This is a quick fix, and is no substitute for reading a good book on LaTeX. \begin_inset Foot collapsed true \layout Standard For example, Chapter 7 of Coussens, Mittelbach and Samarin's \emph on The \emph default LaTeX \emph on Companion \emph default provides a good overall guide. \end_inset For example, some fonts will need scaling using the \family typewriter scaled \backslash magstep \family default \emph on n \emph default option, since their idea of, say 10pt, may not be the same as that of your default font family. \layout Subsubsection Finding new fonts \layout Standard So where do you find all these exciting new fonts? There are three main methods: \layout Enumerate Look around in your TeX distribution. \layout Enumerate Download TeX fonts. \layout Enumerate Convert TrueType fonts to TeX. \layout Standard The first stage is as far as most people will want to go. Have a look in \family sans \family typewriter $TEXMF/fonts/tfm \family default to see what you've got (where \family typewriter $TEXMF \family default is the location of your TeX system, usually something like \family typewriter /usr/share/texmf \family default ). When you see something that looks promising, test it in a LyX document using the method described above, i.e. make a new font command and use it on some text, then preview and see what, if anything, you get. Expect error messages! Note that the font name you want is usually the first four letters of the file name, e.g. a file named \family typewriter pncb8a.afm \family default is actually the bold (b) version of Adobe's (p) New Century (nc) family. If in doubt about names, check out the files in \family typewriter $TEXMF/fontname \family default . \layout Standard TeX fonts can be downloaded from your nearest CTAN mirror (e.g. \begin_inset LatexCommand \url{ftp.ivorytower.edu/pub/tex/ctan/fonts} \end_inset ). At first look for font directories which include a \family typewriter .sty \family default file which you can invoked in your preamble, as this will make life easier (as in the case of Pandora). Failing that, look for directories which give you the full set of TeX font files. Failing \emph on that \emph default , look for an \family typewriter .afm \family default file and run the program \family typewriter fontinst \family default on it (read, or at least skim, the manual first --- you've probably got it in \family typewriter $TEXMF/doc/fontinst/base/fontinst.dvi \family default ). You should now have a directory filled with downloaded or converted files. \layout Standard Now you need to put the font files in the right places. Unless you're running Windows 9* or have an entire TeX system in your home directory, you need to be root to do this. The basic rule is to look at the extension of the file and move it to the corresponding directory, and put \family typewriter .sty \family default files in the \family typewriter /latex \family default directory: \layout Itemize \family typewriter .sty, .cls \family default or \family typewriter .fd \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/tex/latex/ \family default \emph on package_name \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Itemize \family typewriter .dvi, .ps \family default or \family typewriter .pdf \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/doc/latex \family default \emph on /package_name \family typewriter \emph default / \begin_inset Foot collapsed false \layout Standard These will be documentation files for the font, not fonts themselves. \end_inset \layout Itemize \family typewriter .tfm \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/fonts/tfm/ \family default \emph on supplier \family typewriter \emph default / \family default \emph on font_name \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Itemize \family typewriter .vf \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/fonts/vf/ \family default \emph on supplier \family typewriter \emph default / \family default \emph on font_name \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Itemize \family typewriter .afm \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/fonts/afm/ \family default \emph on supplier \family typewriter \emph default / \family default \emph on font_name \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Itemize \family typewriter .pfb \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/fonts/type1/ \family default \emph on supplier \family typewriter \emph default / \family default \emph on font_name \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Itemize \family typewriter .ttf \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/fonts/truetype/ \family default \emph on supplier \family typewriter \emph default / \family default \emph on font_name \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Standard If this sounds confusing, check out \begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.ctan.org/installationadvice/} \end_inset . \layout Standard Thought you were finished? Not quite. First you may need to hack the file \family typewriter $TEXMF/dvips/base/psfonts.map ( \family default there is a script to do this in a more orderly manner if you want --- look at the comments at the top of the file). If the font you've installed isn't there already, you need to add a line describing your new font so that \family typewriter dvips \family default can recognise it. Look at the other lines to get an idea of the format. The basic format is: \layout Quote \emph on TeX name \emph default \hfill \emph on Real name \emph default \hfill < \emph on encoding \emph default \hfill < \emph on pfb_file \layout Standard Now run \family typewriter texhash \family sans \family default (as root, of course), or \family typewriter initexmf -update-fndb \family default , if you're using MikTeX on Windows. Take a deep breath and test your font. \layout Standard If that wasn't enough for you, you may want to try converting your favourite TrueType font into a form that LyX can get at. It's a long, tiring process, but if you really want that font, it's worth it. Have a look at \begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.pegasus.rutgers.edu/~elflord/unix/latex/no-bs.html} \end_inset . \layout Standard Just one last word. Playing around with fonts is fun, but not always productive, especially if you have a day-job. \the_end
