Here's an updated file, slightly delayed by a bug in 1.2 -- be careful with cut-and-pasting ERT! Robin
#LyX 1.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ \lyxformat 220 \textclass article \language english \inputencoding auto \fontscheme default \graphics default \paperfontsize default \spacing single \papersize Default \paperpackage a4 \use_geometry 0 \use_amsmath 0 \use_natbib 0 \use_numerical_citations 0 \paperorientation portrait \secnumdepth 3 \tocdepth 3 \paragraph_separation indent \defskip medskip \quotes_language english \quotes_times 2 \papercolumns 1 \papersides 1 \paperpagestyle default \layout Subsection Using different fonts in LyX \layout Standard by \noun on Robin Turner \layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status Open \layout Standard \backslash newfont{ \backslash yinit}{yinit} \backslash yinit \end_inset \layout Standard L \begin_inset ERT status Open \layout Standard \backslash normalfont \end_inset yX currently uses a fairly limited selection of fonts. While it may come as a disappointment to people used to the thousands of TrueType fonts available to conventional word processors, there are in fact good reasons for this choice. LyX actually has no fonts of its own; for the screen it uses whatever fonts are available to the X-window system, and for output it uses the fonts of the TeX setup it is operating with. The selection of default faults correspond to the most useful and commonly-foun d fonts available in TeX. The \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset L \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset at the beginning of this section is a case in point: most TeX distributions include the \family typewriter yinit \family default font, so you should see a nice decorated \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset L \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset at the beginning; some distributions may not, so you won't. \layout Standard Another point is that the profusion of fonts which TrueType brought about has generally had a bad effect on desktop publishing, leading to documents with inappropriate, badly-scaled or simply too many fonts. You should therefore think carefully before using a different default font, or mixing font families in the same document. \layout Standard Nevertheless, you can, with a little Evil Red Text, make LyX produce just about any font you want, and even design your own fonts. What follows is a \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset quick fix \noun on \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset \noun default guide; it is no substitute for reading a good book on (La)TeX. \layout Subsubsection Changing the default font \layout Standard The easiest and most reliable way to change the default font is from within LyX, through \family sans Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator Fonts \family default . The next easiest is to use a package contained in your TeX distribution. For example, the rather pretty Pandora font family can be accessed simply by putting \family typewriter \backslash usepackage{pandora} \family default in your LaTeX preamble ( \family sans Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator LaTeX\SpecialChar ~ preamble \family default ). Similarly, \family typewriter \backslash usepackage{oldgerm} \family default in the preamble gives you access to Yannis Haralambous' Old German (Gothisch) fonts via the specially-defined \family typewriter \backslash gothfamily \family default , \family typewriter \backslash swabfamily \family default , and \family typewriter \backslash frakfamily \family default commands, which you insert in your document (as TeX) to obtain the desired font (note that nothing will change in your screen display, which considering the difficulty involved in reading some of these fonts is just as well). Other useful packages are \family typewriter concrete \family default , which gives access to both the Concrete Roman and the Euler math fonts, and \family typewriter chancery \family default , which gives you the Zapf Chancery font \layout Standard A less reliable method is the \family typewriter \backslash familydefault \family default command. If you have a font installed and know its family name, you can put something like \layout Quote \family typewriter \backslash renewcommand{ \backslash familydefault}{pzc} \layout Standard in the preamble ( \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset pzc \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset is the family name for the Zapf Chancery font). You should be aware, however, that this method may produce strange results if the font you have selected does not have the sizes or shapes you want (e.g. adding emphasis to text has no effect on Zapf Chancery, and choosing the sans serif or typewriter series will cause it to revert to the standard font). \layout Subsubsection More than one font family in one document \layout Standard As I've said, different font families in the same document can spell trouble. Unlike many human families, the members of a font family work well together, so the eye is not overly disturbed when changing from a medium roman to a bold sans serif font, for example. Different font families may not have this visual compatibility, and clashing fonts are a common reason for amateur publishing looking amateurish. (End of sermon.) \layout Standard Nevertheless, you may need different fonts for some reason: maybe you have to include a different alphabet, like Klingon or Cuneiform \begin_inset Foot collapsed true \layout Standard These can be downloaded from CTAN. Remember, though, that some \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset normal \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset fonts can be turned into a different alphabet by changing the font encoding; see a good LaTeX book if you want to do this. \end_inset , or you want a structural/aesthetic effect, such as putting poetry in a different font from prose, like this: \layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status Open \layout Standard \backslash newfont{ \backslash poetry}{eurm8} \backslash poetry \end_inset \layout Verse Myself when young did eagerly frequent \newline Emacs and vi, and heard great Argument \layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status Collapsed \layout Standard \backslash normalfont \end_inset One way to do this is to declare your own font commands. For example, writing \layout Quote \family typewriter \backslash newfont{ \backslash avant}{pagd} \layout Standard will define a command, \family typewriter \backslash avant \family default , which can be invoked anywhere in your document to change to the \begin_inset ERT status Open \layout Standard \backslash newfont{ \backslash avant}{pagd} \backslash avant \end_inset Avant Garde font. \begin_inset ERT status Collapsed \layout Standard \backslash normalfont \end_inset You can return to your default font by typing \family typewriter \backslash normalfont \family default . \layout Standard Some fonts will perform adequately with just the basic font name (as above); others require that you specify a font size; for example, the verse above, aside from mangling Omar Khayyam, used the font command \family typewriter eurm8 \family default (i.e.\SpecialChar ~ Euler Roman 8pt). \layout Standard Some fonts may also need scaling using the \family typewriter scaled \backslash magstep \family default \emph on n \emph default option, since their idea of, say, 10pt, may not be the same as that of your default font family. If the font looks too small, try a command like this: \layout Quote \backslash newfont{ \backslash zapf}{pzci10 scaled \backslash magstep1} \layout Standard This scales the rather small-looking Zapf Chancery font so that it looks the same size as the default (10pt) font. If your font looks too big, select a smaller fontsize (e.g. 8pt) and scale up. \layout Subsubsection Finding new fonts \layout Standard So where do you find all these exciting new fonts? There are three main methods: \layout Enumerate Look around in your TeX distribution. \layout Enumerate Download TeX fonts. \layout Enumerate Convert TrueType fonts to TeX. \layout Standard The first stage is as far as most people will want to go. Have a look in \family sans \family typewriter $TEXMF/fonts/tfm \family default to see what you've got (where \family typewriter $TEXMF \family default is the location of your TeX system, usually something like \family typewriter /usr/share/texmf \family default ). When you see something that looks promising, test it in a LyX document using the method described above, i.e. make a new font command and use it on some text, then preview and see what, if anything, you get. Note that the font name you want is usually the first four letters of the file name, e.g. a file named \family typewriter pncb8a.afm \family default is actually the bold (b) version of Adobe's (p) New Century (nc) family. If in doubt about names, check out the files in \family typewriter $TEXMF/fontname \family default . \layout Standard TeX fonts can be downloaded from your nearest CTAN mirror (e.g. \begin_inset LatexCommand \url{ftp.ivorytower.edu/pub/tex/ctan/fonts} \end_inset ). At first, look for font directories which include a \family typewriter .sty \family default file which you can invoked in your preamble, as this will make life easier (as in the case of Pandora). Failing that, look for directories which give you the full set of TeX font files. Failing \emph on that \emph default , look for an \family typewriter .afm \family default file and run the program \family typewriter fontinst \family default on it (read, or at least skim, the manual first---you've probably got it in \family typewriter $TEXMF/doc/fontinst/base/fontinst.dvi \family default ). You should now have a directory filled with downloaded or converted files. \layout Standard Now you need to put the font files in the right places. Unless you're running Windows 9* or have an entire TeX system in your home directory, you need to be root to do this. The basic rule is to look at the extension of the file and move it to the corresponding directory, and put \family typewriter .sty \family default files in the \family typewriter /latex \family default directory: \layout Itemize \family typewriter .sty, .cls \family default or \family typewriter .fd \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/tex/latex/ \family default \emph on <package_name> \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Itemize \family typewriter .dvi, .ps \family default or \family typewriter .pdf \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/doc/latex/ \family default \emph on <package_name> \family typewriter \emph default / \begin_inset Foot collapsed false \layout Standard These will be documentation files for the font, not fonts themselves. \end_inset \layout Itemize \family typewriter .tfm \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/fonts/tfm/ \family default \emph on <supplier> \family typewriter \emph default / \family default \emph on <font_name> \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Itemize \family typewriter .vf \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/fonts/vf/ \family default \emph on <supplier> \family typewriter \emph default / \family default \emph on <font_name> \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Itemize \family typewriter .afm \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/fonts/afm/ \family default \emph on <supplier> \family typewriter \emph default / \family default \emph on <font_name> \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Itemize \family typewriter .pfb \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/fonts/type1/ \family default \emph on <supplier> \family typewriter \emph default / \family default \emph on <font_name> \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Itemize \family typewriter .ttf \begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow $ \end_inset $TEXMF/fonts/truetype/ \family default \emph on <supplier> \family typewriter \emph default / \family default \emph on <font_name> \family typewriter \emph default / \layout Standard If this sounds confusing, check out \begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.ctan.org/installationadvice/} \end_inset . \layout Standard Thought you were finished? Not quite. First you need to hack the file \family typewriter $TEX/dvips/base/psfonts.map ( \family default there is a script to do this in a more orderly manner if you want---look at the comments at the top of the file for details). You need to add a line describing your new font so that \family typewriter dvips \family default can recognise it. Look at the other lines to get an idea of the format. The basic format is: \layout Quote \emph on TeX_name \emph default \hfill \emph on Real_name \emph default \hfill < \emph on encoding \emph default \emph on (optional) \emph default \hfill < \emph on pfbfilename \family typewriter \emph default .pfb \layout Standard Now run \family typewriter texhash \family sans \family default (as root, of course), or \family typewriter initexmf\SpecialChar ~ -update-fndb \family default , if you're using MikTeX on Windows. \layout Standard If that wasn't enough for you, you may want to try converting your favourite TrueType font into a form that LyX can get at. It's a long, tiring process, but if you really want that font, it's worth it. First download the program \family typewriter ttf2pt \family default , run it on your font, then run \family typewriter fontinst \family default on the output, and proceed as before. Have a look at \begin_inset LatexCommand \url{http://www.pegasus.rutgers.edu/~elflord/unix/latex/no-bs.html} \end_inset \SpecialChar ~ . \layout Subsubsection Making your own fonts \layout Standard There are (at least) three ways to do this. \layout Paragraph The proper way \layout Standard Set aside some time---maybe a summer vacation. Get a copy of \emph on The \emph default \begin_inset ERT status Collapsed \layout Standard \backslash newfont{ \backslash mf}{logo10} \backslash mf \end_inset METAFONT \begin_inset ERT status Collapsed \layout Standard \backslash normalfont \end_inset \emph on book \emph default . \begin_inset Foot collapsed false \layout Standard \emph on This should have been one word, but there is a bug in the beta version of lyx-1.2 which means ERT can't be run into a word without a space. RT. \end_inset Learn the \begin_inset ERT status Collapsed \layout Standard \backslash mf \end_inset METAFONT \begin_inset ERT status Collapsed \layout Standard \backslash normalfont \end_inset program. Produce beautiful fonts. \layout Paragraph A quick kludge \layout Standard Get a TrueType font editor. Make a TrueType font. Convert to TeX. This may work, but may produce rather ugly results. \layout Paragraph A very quick kludge \layout Standard If all you want is a few words (e.g.\SpecialChar ~ for a heading), rather than making an entire font, write want you want by hand and scan it, then insert it as a graphic. You could in theory make a whole alphabet like this and insert each letter as an inline . \family typewriter eps \family default file, but it would be tedious, and probably not very aesthetic. \layout Subsubsection Recommended reading \layout Standard \noindent For a good overview of fonts in LaTeX: \layout Standard \added_space_bottom smallskip \noindent Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin: \emph on The LaTeX Companion. \emph default Addison-Wesley, 1994 \layout Standard \noindent For more technical information about fonts and some samples: \layout Standard \added_space_bottom smallskip \noindent Norman Walsh: \emph on Making TeX Work \emph default . O'Reilly, 1994 \layout Standard \added_space_bottom smallskip \noindent If you really, really want to design fonts: \layout Standard \added_space_bottom smallskip \noindent Donald Knuth: \emph on The METAFONTbook \emph default . Addison Wesley, 1986. \the_end
