Very cool.  Good luck!
Donna
> On Jul 14, 2016, at 11:34 PM, David Chittenden <dchitten...@gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> It is an expansion of my current business. I am now contracted to do some 
> government work with those who are disabled. However, it lines me up for 
> something which will be coming up in a couple years around technology and 
> accessibility.
> 
> David Chittenden, MSc, MRCAA
> Email: dchitten...@gmail.com
> Mobile: +64 21 2288 288
> Sent from my iPhone
> 
>> On 15 Jul 2016, at 00:59, Donna Goodin <doniado...@me.com> wrote:
>> 
>> That's exciting, David.  What is your new business?
>> Cheers,
>> Donna
>>> On Jul 14, 2016, at 5:34 AM, David Chittenden <dchitten...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>> 
>>> Well, I just signed a new contracting agreement, so I am about to start a 
>>> new business. If I am correct, I will preceed an upcoming trend and be 
>>> ready to capitalise on where things appear to be headed. Here we go with 
>>> the next business.
>>> 
>>> David Chittenden, MSc, MRCAA
>>> Email: dchitten...@gmail.com
>>> Mobile: +64 21 2288 288
>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>> 
>>>> On 14 Jul 2016, at 16:59, Scott Granados <sc...@qualityip.net> wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> David, I like your history, not to point out a bad thing but I like your 
>>>> comments on failed businesses.  I’m right there with you.
>>>> I always hid my blindness when possible while doing business.  I had for a 
>>>> while, especially during my first attempt, sited folks that I put out 
>>>> front and I mainly dealt with people through telephones or email etc.  
>>>> This worked for several years although there were reporters and other 
>>>> people very interested in my business (an internet provider) at the time 
>>>> who made it challenging to hide.  I would actually only allow these people 
>>>> close if I was able to maintain control and final approval whether 
>>>> something would be released and I had a marketing person for a while who I 
>>>> made review everything to make sure no hints leaked out.  I remember 
>>>> meeting a fellow business owner later in the history of that company who 
>>>> convinced me to completely drop that policy and had his marketing droid 
>>>> try to convince me to use my image in marketing campaigns which I never 
>>>> went that far but I definitely loosened things up.  I’m glad though that 
>>>> person got through to me.
>>>> Oh and I still have a PDP 11.:) Complete with the 8 dip switches and 
>>>> submit button so you can enter in the first few bytes by hand to boot the 
>>>> box and start loading from tape.
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>>> On Jul 13, 2016, at 12:58 AM, David Chittenden <dchitten...@gmail.com> 
>>>>> wrote:
>>>>> 
>>>>> I guess I will chime in here. I was congenitally (born) blind. My 
>>>>> brother, who is two years older, is also blind.
>>>>> 
>>>>> We started school at a blindness school, and then attended a bording 
>>>>> school for the blind. My parents decided to mainstream us when I entered 
>>>>> 6th grade. The schools for the blind taught me certain skills such as 
>>>>> braille, quite well. Fortunately, I was mainstreamed early enough to get 
>>>>> a healthy dose of normal (sighted) culture.
>>>>> 
>>>>> I attended a private highschool (the best school in the state) which I 
>>>>> was able to enter because I scored well enough on the entrance exam. 
>>>>> Resource teachers were not allowed to work at private schools, so I was 
>>>>> pretty much on my own, in an academically challenging environment, from 
>>>>> 9th grade. Note: I was registered in the nearby public highschool, so was 
>>>>> able to see a resource teacher there for 45 minutes per day, four days 
>>>>> per week. That person did the important braille transcription for tests. 
>>>>> At school, however, everything was my responsibility.
>>>>> 
>>>>> I took a basic programming course when I was a senior. I enjoyed it so 
>>>>> much that I decided to become a computer systems engineer. That lasted 
>>>>> one semester at university. I broke my wrist, so could not type for 8 
>>>>> weeks. I then floundered at a community college for a few years, became a 
>>>>> massage therapist, became a technology salesperson, became an 
>>>>> accessibility interface evaluater and an accessibility advocate, failed a 
>>>>> couple businesses, then returned to university for a bachelors in 
>>>>> business admin management followed by a masters in counseling. After I 
>>>>> completed university, I independently immigrated to New Zealand. I 
>>>>> currently work as the mental health specialist at a small doctor's clinic.
>>>>> 
>>>>> I started technology working on a PDP1170 mainframe. My first personal 
>>>>> system was a Blazie Braille 'n Speak 640 which I used to access local 
>>>>> BBSs. I then went to DOS, followed by Windows. I switched to the Mac with 
>>>>> OSX Mountain Lion. I wanted to support the only mainstream company that 
>>>>> was actively fully working toward blindness accessibility.
>>>>> 
>>>>> I am now dabbling with Android as well as iOS. Because Android gives more 
>>>>> control to the end user, I suspect it will eventually supercede Apple, so 
>>>>> I am working with it. I remember Beta vs VHS. Sony owned both, Beta was 
>>>>> better, so Sony licensed out VHS. Many more people worked with VHS, so it 
>>>>> eventually surpassed Beta.
>>>>> 
>>>>> Personally, I much prefer Apple's stance on privacy and security. Kids, 
>>>>> on the other hand, are so inundated with open social media, that they, 
>>>>> for the most part, do not appear to have the same concerns. Oh well, time 
>>>>> will tell where things actually end up going. I will enjoy the ride while 
>>>>> I am able, and keep playing with these wonderfully more and more 
>>>>> accessible toys.
>>>>> 
>>>>> As a side note: now that it has been brought to my attention, I am 
>>>>> noticing that, in this decidely unscientificly random sampling, it 
>>>>> appears to be those who attended normal school who seem to have adapted 
>>>>> better to life in the sighted world. Well, at least, those who had 
>>>>> annoying parents that pushed, and at least one resource teacher who 
>>>>> bucked the trend. My partner, being a resource teacher, tells me that the 
>>>>> resource teachers see how it is for the sighted students. Blindness 
>>>>> specific teachers in blindness units in schools are in a closed loop, so 
>>>>> they do not see the sighted trends.
>>>>> 
>>>>> David Chittenden, MSc, MRCAA
>>>>> Email: dchitten...@gmail.com
>>>>> Mobile: +64 21 2288 288
>>>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>>> 
>>>>>> On 13 Jul 2016, at 15:05, Donna Goodin <doniado...@me.com> wrote:
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> Hi Katie,
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> Isn't the VarioUltra the best?  Earlier tonight I was thinking about how 
>>>>>> bulky things used to be.  My first braille display was a TSI Navigator.  
>>>>>> The thing was huge.  I used to carry around what was basically a large 
>>>>>> briefcase, just to carry around my PC laptop and my braille display, and 
>>>>>> of course, all the accompanying cables and chargers..  When I compare 
>>>>>> that with now carrying around my MBA and VU,, not to mention having the 
>>>>>> option of pairing the VU with the iPhone, the difference between then 
>>>>>> and now is really striking.
>>>>>> Cheers,
>>>>>> Donna
>>>>>>> On Jul 12, 2016, at 9:38 PM, Katie Zodrow <kzodrow...@att.net> wrote:
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> Hi Donna and Scott. I thought I would chime in too.
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> Yes, you're right about Apple starting accessibility over 30 years ago, 
>>>>>>> even before we had voiceover and the mac. It sounds like my experience 
>>>>>>> is somewhat similar to yours, even though I was born a few years later 
>>>>>>> and I started using computers and technology at an earlier age. My dad 
>>>>>>> was more of a computer and tech guy too, but both my parents used the 
>>>>>>> computer often at home and at work.
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> I grew up during the 1980s and 90s. I have an older sister so I was the 
>>>>>>> youngest and the only blind person in my family. I was born in Ohio 3 
>>>>>>> months premature and have been blind since birth. My family moved to 
>>>>>>> the Chicago suburbs when I was 2, which is where I grew up. I lived in 
>>>>>>> that area for 18 years until I was 20. My family has always been very 
>>>>>>> encouraging and supportive. They wanted to give me the best education 
>>>>>>> possible, so I was mainstreamed in public schools from age 3 to high 
>>>>>>> school. The elementary school I attended was a few miles away in 
>>>>>>> another city from where we lived, but they had a great Special Ed 
>>>>>>> program with a resource room for all the kids with blindness and other 
>>>>>>> disabilities. I would go there if I wasn’t with the regular classroom 
>>>>>>> teacher during part of the day like for Reading or Math. The vision 
>>>>>>> teacher in my resource room and the rest of the staff at the school 
>>>>>>> were all great! Besides my parents helping me learn and encouraging me 
>>>>>>> to be independent, The school provided all the extra services I needed 
>>>>>>> back then like reading Braille, O and M skills, and basic daily living 
>>>>>>> skills. I still use braille often, and that skill along with the others 
>>>>>>> are very important for employment and being independent. In middle and 
>>>>>>> high school, I worked with an itinerant teacher for an hour and was in 
>>>>>>> regular classes with the sighted students the rest of the day.
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> one of the first computers I used in elementary school was the Apple II 
>>>>>>> E with that robotic sounding Echo speech synthesizer. The Alex voice 
>>>>>>> and synthesized speech have come a long way since then!! :-) I remember 
>>>>>>> when I was about four and five years old and pressing different keys on 
>>>>>>> the Apple 2 keyboard. I thought it was really cool how the Echo 
>>>>>>> synthesizer would pronounce everything, and that you could change the 
>>>>>>> speech rate and pitch of the voice. It would always sound really funny  
>>>>>>> talking in a really high or low pitch!
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> When I was in first grade, my parents bought an Apple II GS computer. 
>>>>>>> my sister and I used to play a lot of games on it and some of them had 
>>>>>>> speech using the Echo synthesizer so I could play them myself. I 
>>>>>>> remember using the old word processing programs too like Braille Edit 
>>>>>>> and another one called ProWord ProBraille in middle and high school. 
>>>>>>> Everything was all on 3.5 inch floppy disc back then, or they were on 
>>>>>>> those bigger 5 and 1/4 inch diskettes. During most of my elementary 
>>>>>>> school years, my mom worked at a high school in a resource room. She 
>>>>>>> worked as a teacher assistant to the main resource teacher preparing 
>>>>>>> materials in Braille for the blind and visually impaired students. When 
>>>>>>> she would put handouts and other information in Braille for me or the 
>>>>>>> high school students, she would normally use either BrailleEdit or 
>>>>>>> another program called Bex. I remember my mom taught me how to use the 
>>>>>>> BrailleEdit software for word processing. You had to use three 
>>>>>>> different 5.25 inch disks just to use the program, and they had to be 
>>>>>>> used in a certain order so the program could work correctly. We had the 
>>>>>>> Apple II GS computer until my junior year of high school. I got a 
>>>>>>> desktop PC with Windows 98 and JAWS after that. My parents wanted me to 
>>>>>>> get my own computer before I started college.
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> I used a Mac computer for the first time in the summer of 2000 after my 
>>>>>>> first semester of college and learned outSPOKEN. I attended Berklee 
>>>>>>> College of Music in Boston from 2000 to 2004, and almost everyone was 
>>>>>>> using the Mac OS. For a couple of my music tech classes, I used 
>>>>>>> outSPOKEN when I was learning Digital Performer and ProTools. I still 
>>>>>>> used the Windows platform most of the time from 1998 until  2013, then 
>>>>>>> I decided to switch back over to the Mac. I had worked in a couple call 
>>>>>>> centers as a telephone reservations sales agent for 6 years, and wanted 
>>>>>>> to get back into the entertainment industry doing audio production work 
>>>>>>> and music again. I majored in Music Production and Engineering in 
>>>>>>> college, and wanted to get back into a career I enjoy and am passionate 
>>>>>>> about . Now, I do just about everything with the Mac and my iPhone. I 
>>>>>>> received the new VarioUltra braille display earlier this year, and use 
>>>>>>> that device with the iphone or when I’m at work and don’t want to use 
>>>>>>> speech.
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> I can’t believe how far we’ve come with technology since the 1980’s! 
>>>>>>> Back then, everything was so huge and bulky 30 years ago. Now the size 
>>>>>>> of everything has drastically shrunk down and gotten much smaller. It 
>>>>>>> will be interesting to see what technology changes happen during the 
>>>>>>> next 30 to 40 years.
>>>>>>>> Katie
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> On Jul 12, 2016, at 5:39 PM, Christopher-Mark Gilland 
>>>>>>>> <clgillan...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> Wut?  "Stupid sighted people"?  That's a little harsh, don'tcha think? 
>>>>>>>>  LOL! Smile.
>>>>>>>> ---
>>>>>>>> It's all good, just am sayin'.
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> Christopher Gilland
>>>>>>>> JAWS Certified, 2016.
>>>>>>>> Training Instructor.
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> clgillan...@gmail.com
>>>>>>>> Phone: (704) 256-8010.
>>>>>>>> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Terje Strømberg" 
>>>>>>>> <terjestrmb...@gmail.com>
>>>>>>>> To: "Mac Group" <macvisionaries@googlegroups.com>
>>>>>>>> Cc: "Terje Strømberg" <terjestrmb...@gmail.com>
>>>>>>>> Sent: Tuesday, July 12, 2016 3:56 AM
>>>>>>>> Subject: Re: This blind Apple engineer is transforming the tech world 
>>>>>>>> at only 22
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> Take care
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> Great article. So many stupid sighted people around.
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> 12. jul. 2016 kl. 08.19 skrev Anne Robertson <a...@anarchie.org.uk>:
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> I grew up in England and between the ages of 7 and 17, attended 
>>>>>>>>> schools for the blind where maths was taught, but the only science 
>>>>>>>>> was biology, which didn’t interest me at the time. I would have 
>>>>>>>>> preferred to learn physics.
>>>>>>>>> I finished my secondary education in a mainstream school and 
>>>>>>>>> specialised in languages. I studied French at university, but then I 
>>>>>>>>> went into computer programming.
>>>>>>>>> The tool that allowed me to work on an equal footing with my sighted 
>>>>>>>>> colleagues was the optacon. I was able to read the terminal screen 
>>>>>>>>> and printout. I programmed the Apple ii in hexadecimal and read all 
>>>>>>>>> the manuals using the optacon.
>>>>>>>>> I didn’t use speech on a computer until we got a Mac, a 2SI, during 
>>>>>>>>> the 90s and I purchased OutSpoken.
>>>>>>>>> It never occurred to me that I might not be able to get a job as a 
>>>>>>>>> blind person once the optacon became available to me.
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> Cheers,
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> Anne
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> On 12 Jul 2016, at 05:15, Donna Goodin <doniado...@me.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> Hey Scott,
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> First let me say that on a very fundamental level I agree with your 
>>>>>>>>>> post. But ...
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> As a kid, I somehow sort of absorbed the fact that because I was 
>>>>>>>>>> blind, math and the sciences weren't for me.  And this despite the 
>>>>>>>>>> fact that my dad was a computer guy, who spent lots of time and 
>>>>>>>>>> energy conveying to me how important tech would be for me..  Some of 
>>>>>>>>>> my earliest memories are of him bringing home those old computer 
>>>>>>>>>> punch cards and magnetic tapes for my brother and me to play with.  
>>>>>>>>>> I remember going with him into the office on Saturdays and seeing 
>>>>>>>>>> the computer, which was this great big behemoth that took up an 
>>>>>>>>>> entire room.  I remember him teaching me base 2 at the dinner table. 
>>>>>>>>>>  But once I got to school, my math and science teachers had no idea 
>>>>>>>>>> what to do with me.  Classes were taught almost exclusively on the 
>>>>>>>>>> blackboard, and I was bored out of my mind.  I grew up thinking I 
>>>>>>>>>> sucked at math, and it wasn't until I was in my thirties that I 
>>>>>>>>>> realized that I was actually pretty bloody good at it.  Back in the 
>>>>>>>>>> 80s, I went out with this total computer geek.  I was fascinated by 
>>>>>>>>>> all the stuff he was into, but neither he nor I knew how to make all 
>>>>>>>>>> that accessible to me.  (And by that time, I actually owned a TSI 
>>>>>>>>>> Versabraille).  I think that had I been born within the last 25 
>>>>>>>>>> years, I actually would have chosen IT--or something related--as a 
>>>>>>>>>> career. Clearly something was different for you and John.  Maybe it 
>>>>>>>>>> was innate intelligence, maybe there was a gender bias at play, 
>>>>>>>>>> maybe it was opportunity, I don't know.  I do know from other posts 
>>>>>>>>>> I've seen from you that your parents seemed quite willing to think 
>>>>>>>>>> out of the box.  I grew up in suburbia.  My mom was 20 when she had 
>>>>>>>>>> me, my dad was 22.  Having a blind kid pretty much rocked their 
>>>>>>>>>> young, limited world.  I don't think my experience is unique.  
>>>>>>>>>> Whatever it was that jived for you guys, didn't carry over to lots 
>>>>>>>>>> of blind folks.
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> So yes, it was a fluff piece.  And yes, I wish they'd just treat 
>>>>>>>>>> blind folks like everyone else.  But I also hope that there's a 
>>>>>>>>>> little Donna out there somewhere--or maybe little Donna's 
>>>>>>>>>> parents--who don't buy into those preconceived notions about what 
>>>>>>>>>> someone who's blind can or cannot do, and that someday 20 years from 
>>>>>>>>>> now, that little Donna finds herself at the heart of technological 
>>>>>>>>>> developments.
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> Just an alternate perspective.
>>>>>>>>>> Cheers,
>>>>>>>>>> Donna
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> On Jul 11, 2016, at 9:32 PM, Scott Granados <sc...@qualityip.net> 
>>>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> So here’s my problem with the article.
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> I think it’s fantastic what this young lady is doing, I absolutely 
>>>>>>>>>>> support her efforts.  I also am thrilled that apple hired someone 
>>>>>>>>>>> from our community for the design side.  I’m also happy Google does 
>>>>>>>>>>> the same now and there’s discussion of teaching children to code.
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> My problem is with the reporter.  These articles are so damn fluff 
>>>>>>>>>>> happy.  Look at Apple saving the day for blind people.  Like it’s 
>>>>>>>>>>> something new.  Never mind you John and I built parts of the 
>>>>>>>>>>> networks this reporter publishes on.:)  The article leads the 
>>>>>>>>>>> reader to believe that blind people could only code until recently. 
>>>>>>>>>>>  This blind guy as a child started coding 33+ years ago learning 
>>>>>>>>>>> things like 6502 assembler, Apple Soft, PASCAL, then C and so 
>>>>>>>>>>> forth. We used apples or PCs or what ever to get it done and in 
>>>>>>>>>>> some ways have been directly or indirectly involved with the 
>>>>>>>>>>> development of computers since the very beginning. Real trail 
>>>>>>>>>>> blazers like your self or Ray Kurzweil building devices to help his 
>>>>>>>>>>> child, certain musicians with very deep pockets who brought some of 
>>>>>>>>>>> the funding to the table, any blind person at all who successfully 
>>>>>>>>>>> landed a job and held it showing others in our own little way we’re 
>>>>>>>>>>> just people doing the same things that everyone else does, try to 
>>>>>>>>>>> help take care of your selves, families and participate in our 
>>>>>>>>>>> communities.
>>>>>>>>>>> I guess part of me just wishes that instead of being singled out 
>>>>>>>>>>> and made to be some sort of something special we were just dealt 
>>>>>>>>>>> with and reflected on by reporters especially as just another part 
>>>>>>>>>>> of society. Lest I get way to NFB here:) but there’s something to 
>>>>>>>>>>> be said for being lumped in with everyone else.:)  The special 
>>>>>>>>>>> attention sometimes makes us seem well special in the sense we’re 
>>>>>>>>>>> not the norm, we’re almost untouchable and separate to make a 
>>>>>>>>>>> reference to a really unfortunate cultural label in eastern 
>>>>>>>>>>> societies.
>>>>>>>>>>> The same thing happens with reporters who publish puff pieces on 
>>>>>>>>>>> artificial vision advances or medical advances that cure illnesses 
>>>>>>>>>>> related to blindness.  I don’t know how many articles I’ve read 
>>>>>>>>>>> where some gadget is going to save us from our selves and totally 
>>>>>>>>>>> make it all better.  Things ain’t that bad.  What’s bad is 
>>>>>>>>>>> convincing the public we need to be saved.
>>>>>>>>>>> Maybe I’m just becoming a grumpy old man like I was afraid of when 
>>>>>>>>>>> I was young.
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> Still, congratulations to this young lady but also congratulations 
>>>>>>>>>>> to all the other engineers at apple some of which are on this list. 
>>>>>>>>>>>  And congratulations to you John and others who have made countless 
>>>>>>>>>>> contributions to technology in general.
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> Ah well, what’s the expression, there’s no such thing as bad 
>>>>>>>>>>> publicity? Suppose that’s true.
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> On Jul 11, 2016, at 2:29 PM, Jonathan C. Cohn 
>>>>>>>>>>>> <jon.c.c...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Well, this is interesting story. I don't believe they mention 
>>>>>>>>>>>> anything about braille. But at least it shows there are people  at 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Apple working on accessibility.
>>>>>>>>>>>> http://mashable.com/2016/07/10/apple-innovation-blind-engineer/#RihiKu145Oqr
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> This blind Apple engineer is transforming the tech world at only 22
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Apple engineer Jordyn Castor has never been one for limitations.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> She was born 15 weeks early, weighing just under two pounds. Her 
>>>>>>>>>>>> grandfather could hold her in the palm of his hand, and could even 
>>>>>>>>>>>> slide his wedding ring along her arm and over her shoulder. 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Doctors said she had a slim chance of survival.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> It was Castor's first brush with limited expectations — and also 
>>>>>>>>>>>> the first time she shattered them.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Castor, now 22, has been blind since birth, a result of her early 
>>>>>>>>>>>> delivery. But throughout childhood, her parents encouraged her to 
>>>>>>>>>>>> defy expectations of people with disabilities, motivating her to 
>>>>>>>>>>>> be adventurous, hands-on and insatiably curious.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> It was that spirit that led to her interact with technology, 
>>>>>>>>>>>> whether it was the desktop computer her family bought when she was 
>>>>>>>>>>>> in second grade, or the classroom computer teachers encouraged her 
>>>>>>>>>>>> to use in school.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "I could help make technology more accessible for blind users."
>>>>>>>>>>>> She says the adults in her life would often hand her a gadget, 
>>>>>>>>>>>> telling her to figure it out and show them how to use it. And she 
>>>>>>>>>>>> would.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "I realized then I could code on the computer to have it fulfill 
>>>>>>>>>>>> the tasks I wanted it to," says Castor, whose current work focuses 
>>>>>>>>>>>> on enhancing features like VoiceOver for blind Apple users. "I 
>>>>>>>>>>>> came to realize that with my knowledge of computers and 
>>>>>>>>>>>> technology, I could help change the world for people with 
>>>>>>>>>>>> disabilities.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "I could help make technology more accessible for blind users."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Bringing a personal perspective to Apple innovation
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> There's an often overlooked component of "diversity" in workplace 
>>>>>>>>>>>> initiatives — the need to include the perspectives of people with 
>>>>>>>>>>>> disabilities.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Keeping tabs on the needs of the blind and low-vision community is 
>>>>>>>>>>>> a key component of Apple's innovation in accessibility. Castor is 
>>>>>>>>>>>> proof of how much that can strengthen a company.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> She was a college student at Michigan State University when she 
>>>>>>>>>>>> was first introduced to Apple at a Minneapolis job fair in 2015. 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Castor went to the gathering of employers, already knowing the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> tech giant would be there — and she was nervous.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "You aren't going to know unless you try," she thought. "You 
>>>>>>>>>>>> aren't going to know unless you talk to them ... so go."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Apple engineer Jordyn Castor poses for a headshot. Castor is a 
>>>>>>>>>>>> driving force behind accessibility of Apple products, especially 
>>>>>>>>>>>> for blind users.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Image: Provided by Apple and Jordyn Castor
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Castor told Apple reps how amazed she was by the iPad she received 
>>>>>>>>>>>> as a gift for her 17th birthday just a few years earlier. It 
>>>>>>>>>>>> raised her passion for tech to another level — mainly due to the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> iPad's immediate accessibility.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "Everything just worked and was accessible just right out of the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> box," Castor tells Mashable. "That was something I had never 
>>>>>>>>>>>> experienced before."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "I'm directly impacting the lives of the blind community."
>>>>>>>>>>>> Sarah Herrlinger, senior manager for global accessibility policy 
>>>>>>>>>>>> and initiatives at Apple, says a notable part of the company's 
>>>>>>>>>>>> steps toward accessibility is its dedication to making inclusivity 
>>>>>>>>>>>> features standard, not specialized. This allows those features to 
>>>>>>>>>>>> be dually accessible — both for getting the tech to more users, as 
>>>>>>>>>>>> well as keeping down costs.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "[These features] show up on your device, regardless of if you are 
>>>>>>>>>>>> someone who needs them," Herrlinger tells Mashable. "By being 
>>>>>>>>>>>> built-in, they are also free. Historically, for the blind and 
>>>>>>>>>>>> visually impaired community, there are additional things you have 
>>>>>>>>>>>> to buy or things that you have to do to be able to use technology."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> At that job fair in 2015, Castor's passion for accessibility and 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Apple was evident. She was soon hired as an intern focusing on 
>>>>>>>>>>>> VoiceOver accessibility.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> As her internship came to a close, Castor's skills as an engineer 
>>>>>>>>>>>> and advocate for tech accessibility were too commanding to let go. 
>>>>>>>>>>>> She was hired full-time as an engineer on the accessibility design 
>>>>>>>>>>>> and quality team — a group of people Castor describes as 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "passionate" and "dedicated."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "I'm directly impacting the lives of the blind community," she 
>>>>>>>>>>>> says of her work. "It's incredible."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Innovation with blind users in mind
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Increased accessibility for all users is one of Apple's driving 
>>>>>>>>>>>> values, under the mantra "inclusion inspires innovation."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Herrlinger says the company loves what it makes, and wants what it 
>>>>>>>>>>>> makes to be available to everyone. She describes the need to 
>>>>>>>>>>>> continuously innovate with accessibility in mind as part of 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Apple's DNA.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "Accessibility is something that is never-ending," Herrlinger 
>>>>>>>>>>>> says. "It isn't something where you just do it once, check that 
>>>>>>>>>>>> box and then move on to do other things."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> And it's a dedication that isn't going unnoticed by the blind 
>>>>>>>>>>>> community. On July 4, Apple was the recipient of the American 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Council of the Blind's Robert S. Bray Award for the company's 
>>>>>>>>>>>> strides in accessibility and continued dedication to 
>>>>>>>>>>>> inclusion-based innovation for blind users.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Sarah Herrlinger, senior manager for global accessibility policy 
>>>>>>>>>>>> and initiatives at Apple, and Eric Bridges, executive director of 
>>>>>>>>>>>> the American Council of the Blind (ACB), pose with the Robert S. 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Bray award at ACB's national conference on July 4, 2016.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Image: PRovided by Apple and ACB
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> The company, for example, made the first touchscreen device 
>>>>>>>>>>>> accessible to the blind via VoiceOver. Recent announcements of 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Siri coming to Mac this fall, and of newer innovations, like a 
>>>>>>>>>>>> magnifying glass feature for low-vision users, have continued the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> promise of improving the Apple experience for those who are blind 
>>>>>>>>>>>> and low vision.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "The fact that we take the time to innovate in these ways is 
>>>>>>>>>>>> something new and different," Herrlinger says. "It was not the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> expected thing in the tech community."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "[Accessibility] isn't something where you just do it once, check 
>>>>>>>>>>>> that box and then move on to do other things."
>>>>>>>>>>>> Often, the success of such innovations depends on the input of the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> community — and employees like Castor provide irreplaceable 
>>>>>>>>>>>> first-hand insight into the tech experience for blind individuals.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> The most recent example of community-driven innovation can be 
>>>>>>>>>>>> found on the Apple Watch. During a meeting, Herrlinger explains, a 
>>>>>>>>>>>> person who sees could easily peer down at their watch to keep an 
>>>>>>>>>>>> eye on the clock. A person who is blind, however, hasn't had a way 
>>>>>>>>>>>> to tell time without VoiceOver.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> After confronting the conundrum, Apple solved the issue by making 
>>>>>>>>>>>> a feature that tells time through vibrations. The addition, 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Herrlinger says, is coming to watchOS 3 this fall.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> High-tech meets low-tech
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Castor says her own success — and her career — hinges on two 
>>>>>>>>>>>> things: technology and Braille. That may sound strange to many 
>>>>>>>>>>>> people, even to some who are blind and visually impaired. Braille 
>>>>>>>>>>>> and new tech are often depicted as at odds with one another, with 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Braille literacy rates decreasing as the presence of tech 
>>>>>>>>>>>> increases.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> But many activists argue that Braille literacy is the key to 
>>>>>>>>>>>> employment and stable livelihood for blind individuals. With more 
>>>>>>>>>>>> than 70% of blind people lacking employment, the majority of those 
>>>>>>>>>>>> who are employed — an estimated 80% — have something in common: 
>>>>>>>>>>>> They read Braille.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "Braille allows me to know what the code feels like."
>>>>>>>>>>>> For Castor, Braille is crucial to her innovative work at Apple — 
>>>>>>>>>>>> and she insists tech is complementary to Braille, not a 
>>>>>>>>>>>> replacement.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "I use a Braille display every time I write a piece of code," she 
>>>>>>>>>>>> says. "Braille allows me to know what the code feels like."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> In coding, she uses a combination of Nemeth Braille — or "math 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Braille" — and Alphabetic Braille. Castor even says that with the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> heavy presence of tech in her life, she still prefers to read 
>>>>>>>>>>>> meeting agendas in Braille.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "I can see grammar. I can see punctuation. I can see how things 
>>>>>>>>>>>> are spelled and how things are written out," she says.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> The technologies that Apple creates support her love of Braille, 
>>>>>>>>>>>> too — there are various modifications, like Braille displays that 
>>>>>>>>>>>> can to plug into devices, to help her code and communicate. But 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Castor also often forgoes Braille displays, solely using VoiceOver 
>>>>>>>>>>>> to navigate her devices and read screens.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> A Braille display like this one, which is compatible with Apple 
>>>>>>>>>>>> products, allows blind users to navigate technology using Braille 
>>>>>>>>>>>> commands.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Image: PRovided by Apple
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> That autonomy of choice in accessibility, Apple says, is 
>>>>>>>>>>>> intentional. The company believes that the ability to choose — to 
>>>>>>>>>>>> have several tools at a user's disposal, whenever they want them — 
>>>>>>>>>>>> is key to its accessibility values.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Giving back to the community
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Last week, Castor attended a conference hosted by the National 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Federation of the Blind, where she gave a speech telling her 
>>>>>>>>>>>> story. She says the impact that Apple has had on the blind 
>>>>>>>>>>>> community was extremely clear as soon as she stepped into the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> conference hall — just by listening to what was going on around 
>>>>>>>>>>>> her.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "When I walk through the convention, I hear VoiceOver everywhere," 
>>>>>>>>>>>> she says. "Being able to give back through something that so many 
>>>>>>>>>>>> people use is amazing."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Castor was recently able to use her presence and perspective at 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Apple to give back to a part of the community she's especially 
>>>>>>>>>>>> passionate about — the next generation of engineers.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> She was a driving force behind accessibility on Apple's soon-to-be 
>>>>>>>>>>>> released Swift Playgrounds, an intro-to-coding program geared 
>>>>>>>>>>>> toward children. She's been working to make the program accessible 
>>>>>>>>>>>> to blind children, who have been waiting a long time for the tool, 
>>>>>>>>>>>> she says.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "I would constantly get Facebook messages from so many parents of 
>>>>>>>>>>>> blind children, saying, 'My child wants to code so badly. Do you 
>>>>>>>>>>>> know of a way that they can do that?'" Castor says. "Now, when 
>>>>>>>>>>>> it's released, I can say, 'Absolutely, absolutely they can start 
>>>>>>>>>>>> coding.'"
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Promotional materials for Swift Playgrounds show how the program 
>>>>>>>>>>>> will work when released in fall. Users will code commands to make 
>>>>>>>>>>>> a character move throughout puzzle-like challenges. The program 
>>>>>>>>>>>> will use VoiceOver to be accessible to blind children.
>>>>>>>>>>>> Image: Provided by Apple
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Castor says working on Swift Playgrounds has been an empowering 
>>>>>>>>>>>> experience, and her team has deeply valued her perspective on the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> VoiceOver experience for blind users.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "[Blindness] does not define you or what you can do in life."
>>>>>>>>>>>> She says the task-based, interactive app would have made a massive 
>>>>>>>>>>>> impact on her as a child. The program is, after all, a guided way 
>>>>>>>>>>>> of taking tech and figuring out what makes it tick — a virtual 
>>>>>>>>>>>> version of the hands-on curiosity adults instilled in her as a 
>>>>>>>>>>>> child.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "It will allow children to dive into code," she says of the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> program. "They can use Swift Playgrounds right away out of the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> box; no modifications. Just turn on VoiceOver and be able to start 
>>>>>>>>>>>> coding."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> As someone who was always encouraged to challenge expectations, 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Castor says she has one simple message for the next generation of 
>>>>>>>>>>>> blind coders, like the children who will sit down with Swift 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Playgrounds in the fall.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> "Blindness does not define you," she says. "It's part of who you 
>>>>>>>>>>>> are as a person, as a characteristic — but it does not define you 
>>>>>>>>>>>> or what you can do in life."
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Have something to add to this story? Share it in the comments.
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Best wishes,
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Jonathan Cohn
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
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