On 21.11.2023 at 12:44 Ralf Hildebrandt via mailop wrote:

> We're running the postfix-users ML on list.sys4.de, and all over a sudden 
> we're being tempfailed by GMAIL:

> 421-4.7.28 Gmail has detected an unusual rate of unsolicited mail. To protect
> 421-4.7.28 our users from spam, mail has been temporarily rate limited. Please
> 421-4.7.28 visit
> 421-4.7.28 https://support.google.com/mail/?p=UnsolicitedRateLimitError to
> 421 4.7.28 review our Bulk Email Senders Guidelines. 
> s8-20020adfea88000000b0032fba209e8esi6123538wrm.543 - gsmtp (in reply to end 
> of DATA command)

> SPF, DKIM, DMARC, douoble-opt-in, valid forward and reverse DNS records are 
> all in place, and it's been working ok for quite some time
> -- so it's a bit unclear what has changed here or what caused the block...

> And since it's the postfix-users mailinglist, we're dead sure it's not spam 
> we're sending!

Hello Ralf,
there is already a lengthy thread about this "Google rate-limiting more 
aggressively than usual?", but no response from Brandon or someone else so far.

Do you receive the error message for ALL emails during a certain time frame 
sent from your server, or only for emails with certain sender domains (in case 
you actually send emails with different from domains)?

We notice that when we send out a large volume of emails from one server to 
Gmail, then Google responds with this error code also to emails from completely 
different servers (other ASN, other address of the sender, other recipients at 
Gmail, unrelated subject/content). The only thing those emails have in common 
is that the right hand side of the addresses of the senders share the same 
second level domain. For example server A sends out 1000 emails from 
j...@foo.example.com and server B sends out 10 emails from 
j...@bar.example.com, server B might receive the rate limit error message as 
well. This behavior is not new, it just happens more often than before.

I'm just writing this in case you have mailing lists where you do not replace 
the From header of the messages, you might receive this error message because a 
different MTA sent a larger amount of emails than usual with the same 
organizational domain to Gmail.

--
BR Oliver
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