Earlier in this excerpt from a piece by New Yorker editor, David Remnick,
Scott Anderson, author of“King of Kings,” is quoted. An excellent account
of the fall of the Shah, which I listened to, as an audiobook.


https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-lede/the-bloody-lesson-the-ayatollah-took-from-the-shah

“What was clear to the experts I spoke to, however, is that the
demonstrations happening throughout Iran today are not religiously oriented
or focussed on a particular spokesman or sector of society; they are
largely about national pride and leading a normal, prosperous, and stable
daily life. There are slogans heard on the streets calling for freedom, but
not necessarily for democracy. Beyond that, it is extremely difficult to
discern with any confidence where this could lead, whether the regime
collapses or manages to endure.

A few months ago, Sadjadpour published an important essay in *Foreign
Affairs called* “The Autumn of the Ayatollahs
<https://www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/autumn-ayatollahs>,” in which he
speculated on what Iran might become after Khamenei dies or if he is
deposed. Could Iran resemble China and shift from theocracy to technocracy?
Will it resemble Pakistan, becoming a security state led by the generals of
the I.R.G.C.? Might it resemble the isolation and terror of North Korea or
the reactionary qualities of Putin’s post-Soviet Russia or the
authoritarianism of Erdoğan’s Turkey? Sadjadpour carefully sorts through
scenarios, similarities, and differences with a keen sense of Iran’s
history and particularities.

Much of what makes his essay convincing is its intellectual modesty, its
readiness to say that trying to derive confident predictions of the future
from the chaos of what is happening on the streets and in government
offices is folly. He reminds the reader of another Iran expert, James A.
Bill, who wrote an article for *Foreign Affairs* for its winter 1978/1979
issue called “Iran and the Crisis of ’78.
<https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/1978-12-01/iran-and-crisis-78>”
Bill, the author of “The Eagle and the Lion
<https://www.amazon.com/James-Bill-Tragedy-American-Iranian-Relations/dp/B008WDGK1A>,”
a distinguished book about American-Iranian relations, wrote that “the most
probable alternative” to the Shah would be “a left-wing, progressive group
of middle-ranking army officers.” Other possibilities, he said, included “a
right-wing military junta, a liberal democratic system based on Western
models, and a communist government.” History had other plans.”


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