http://musliminsuffer.blogspot.com/

bismi-lLahi-rRahmani-rRahiem
In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful


=== News Update ===


Tuesday, June 27, 2006



Hans Lebrecht - The Right to Resistance According to International Law

Emacs!


Hans Lebrecht is a Journalist (this was sent to the ALEF list, but dates 
from 3 April 2002)


Dear Friends and Colleagues,

Let me quote and freely translate into English from a book, I wrote 15 
years ago in Hebrew, HaPalestinaim - Avar veHoveh (The Palestinians- Past 
and Present, Tel-Aviv University Publishers, 1987). On page 219, regarding 
the Palestinian resistance against the Israeli occupation, I reminded my 
readers:

According to international law, the people of a country, occupied by a 
foreign power, has the full right to fight for their liberation. The 
Palestinian people, inhabitants of the territories, Israel has conquered 
and is occupying by military means since June 1967, too have this briefed 
right. This right is based, among other reasons, also upon the guiding 
lines set for the International Tribunal in Nuremberg, which, after World 
War II, had been established to judge the main Nazi criminals. And let us 
never forget this fact!

The statutory argument in article 2 of the indictments (concerning 
transgressions against the laws on conducts of war) at the Nuremberg 
Tribunal was based upon the Den-Hague International Convention of 1907. 
Article 6 (b) of the Tribunal's rules relies upon articles 1 and 2 of the 
accompanying letters of the said Den-Hague Convention, which particularly 
lie down the right to popular resistance against military occupation, 
within the occupied territories themselves, as well as outside them. 
Further on is said there, that all the means of this resistance, political 
as well as military ones, are valid (as far as they do not hurt civilians 
who have no part whatsoever in the occupation regime and its forces). This 
determination was, at the time, important to forestall any claim by the 
Nazis that the partisans, Ghetto fighters, and other underground resistance 
forces in the territories occupied by them had allegedly been bandits and 
terrorists. In the Nuremberg Tribunal it was unequivocally set down, that 
resistance fighters, such as the partisans and underground activists (also 
such who struggled within Germany itself), Ghetto fighters etc., acted in 
accordance with the regulations of international law, and in case of their 
detention by the occupation forces or the police of the occupying power, 
have to be considered to be Prisoners of War.

International law - and the matter was upheld by the Nuremberg Tribunal - 
outlaws any expropriation of property, houses and landed property included, 
in the occupied territories, with the exception of property needed for 
defensive security needs of the occupying army. However, also such 
expropriations are only temporarily ones, and any such property has to be 
returned after the war, with any damages occurred to be compensated. 
Particularly, the law also forbids any form of collective punishment for 
resistance against the occupation, such as house demolitions, curfew upon 
whole populated locations and geographic areas (article 2 and 3 of the 
attached letters to the Hague Convention). The Nuremberg Tribunal 
considered all kind of those measures taken by the occupying power as 
serious violations of international laws and conventions, as crimes against 
humanity.

The sentences passed by the Nuremberg Tribunal particularly stated too, 
that not only those who designed and ordered such crimes against humanity, 
but also anyone who executed those crimes, are guilty for executing such 
illegal orders given by their superiors. In no case, the Tribunal accepted 
any kind of such arguments by defendants. It should not been forgotten that 
the rules and determinations of that International Nuremberg Tribunal of 
1945/46 have been ratified in December 1946 by the UNO General Assembly and 
became part and parcel of the Charter of the United Nations with the 
Israeli representative voting for this decision.

At other pages of that book, I also condemned the establishment by the 
occupying power of settlements on soil, illegally expropriated in the 
occupied territories, as being obstacles to any effort to achieve peace 
with our Palestinian neighbors.

Until here quotations from my book. And please, let no-one come up with the 
idiotic remark that I try to equal the present Israeli regime with that of 
the Nazi criminal regime! I heard it before and reject it by all means.

Let me tell you that I was an active member of the anti-fascist underground 
movement against the Hitler regime already before WW II, at the age of 
21-22 in 1936 through 1938 in Germany proper - and did my share. 
Furthermore, I am a Vice President of the International Federation of 
Resistance Fighters with headquarters in Vienna, and know precisely well to 
differentiate between all kinds of regimes. In my opinion, born out of 
experience of almost nine decades, most of them dedicated to political 
activity in Germany, Palestine and Israel, no regime, be it democratic, 
pseudo-democratic, dictatorial or fascist, does equal any other one. Every 
regime has its own particular characteristics.

With best regards to all of you,
Hans.

source:
http://peacepalestine.blogspot.com/2006/06/hans-lebrecht-right-to-resistance.html

===


-muslim voice-
______________________________________
BECAUSE YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO KNOW  

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]



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