Terminology

An assault rifle is a light rifle that fires a reduced power cartridge and is 
capable of automatic operation.  Automatic operation means it's a machine gun 
that fires as long as the trigger is pressed.

The term "assault weapon" has no precise meaning but the media seems to like it.

The M-16 is a US military assault rifle that fires a 5.56 mm cartridge which is 
a military version of the 2.23 caliber varmint cartridge.  The M-16 has a 20 
inch  barrel.  There were several revisions (denoted A1, A2, A3, and A4) with 
different sights, stocks, a "forward assist", burst limiter, and several 
smaller changes.  The Air Force adopted the M-16  in the mid 1960s for use by 
Air Police.  The Army adopted the M-16 during Viet Nam, for cost reasons and 
because infantry men could carry many more of the smaller 5.56 cartridges 
compared to.30 caliper (30.06 and NATO 7.62) cartridges.  The many reported 
M-16 problems in Viet Nam were largely caused by misinformation, lack of 
cleaning kits, and unverified changes to the ammo.  Still, the M-16 fundamental 
design uses precision parts and it is significantly more vulnerable to dirt and 
operator abuse than the COMBLOCK AK-47/74 variants.

The M-4 is a carbine version of the M-16 but with a 16 inch barrel and 
significant changes to the gas and feed systems to provide reliable operation.  
Still, for various technical reasons, bolt carrier operation in the M-4 is more 
violent than the M-16 and feed problems seem more common.

The AR-15 was a semi-auto civilian version of the M-16 which was produced by 
Armalite.  However, these days the terms AR and AR-15 are commonly sued to 
indicate any semi-auto AR-15 style firearm from any manufacturer, including 
rifles, carbines, and even pistols.  The semi-auto  version is almost identical 
to the auto/select-fire version except it lacks the auto disconnector mechanism 
and machined holes for the associated shaft.  Almost all civilian AR rifles 
sold today are based on the M-4, mot the M-16.  It is more precise to describe 
a semi-auto gun as auto-loading



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