I'm finding it somewhat fun to work out the "reverse mathematics" for this:
I get that ax-mp, ax-1, ax-2, ax-3, ax-necess, ax-distrb, and ax-gl are all
independent from each other, and the theorems axk4, puzzlelem, and puzzle
require all the axioms. (In particular, puzzlelem and puzzle require the
full ax-gl, axk4 is insufficient.)

The most intriguing part to me is how the axk4 proof requires ax-3,
despite the fact that neither it nor the modal-logic axioms reference
negation in any way.

Matthew House

On Wed, Dec 3, 2025 at 8:27 PM savask <[email protected]> wrote:

> > There you go: (solution of Day 20)
>
> Thanks! I haven't been able to find this proof anywhere in the literature,
> so this might be a useful reference for some other people as well. There
> seems to be ongoing work on formalizing modal logics in HOL Light, in
> particular, they have an automatic prover for GL
> https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10817-023-09677-z Maybe in the
> worst case one could try to extract the proof from this utility, though I'm
> not sure if it's possible.
>
> > So far, I made almost all proofs by hand (in metamath.exe) without any
> help. ...
>
> I've been using metamath lamp to formalize the proofs, and I've been
> sometimes wondering if its proof searching utility is missing some short
> arguments. I haven't tried comparing it with metamath.exe's improve
> command, though.
>
> > Note: I believe ~puzzlelem requires ~ax-gl for its proof, even tho
> there was no "now you can use ~ax-gl again" in the comment.
>
> Yes, days 21 - 24 are "ax-gl free", and at day 25 you're allowed to use
> ax-gl again.
>
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