Thanks Rob, a very interesting update. I had recently been discharges from
the Navy. The memories are very fresh nevertheless. The media was all over
our hapless efforts to catchup. Live TV debacles were aired much to the
chragrine of our government as one after another launch exploded or fissled
on the pad.
The dog was the "last straw" and new energy and money and alternatives
finally got us off the ground.
As a long time dog person, I regreted the loss of the poor "mutt" as did so
many at the time.
Jerry Flaherty
----- Original Message -----
From: "Rob Wesel" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: "Mike Jensen" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Cc: <meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com>; "drtanuki" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Sent: Thursday, October 04, 2007 1:54 PM
Subject: Re: [meteorite-list] OT: Happy Birthday Sputnik...50
Nakhla Dog Meteorites warmly remembers all dogs in space, dogs that became
meteors, and dogs hit by them.
Rob Wesel
http://www.nakhladogmeteorites.com
------------------
We are the music makers...
and we are the dreamers of the dreams.
Willy Wonka, 1971
The True Story of Laika the Dog
By Anatoly Zak
Staff Writer
posted: 03:12 pm ET
03 November 1999
On November 3, 1957, the U.S.S.R. stunned the world with a space
sensation -- the launch of Sputnik 2 with a live dog on-board. But many
details of what happened to the mission have only recently been revealed.
The Space Age had started less than a month before, with the launch of the
first Soviet satellite on October 4, 1957. Sputnik 1, a 40-pound sphere,
carried a simple transmitter and was considered very heavy compared to the
U.S. spacecraft under development at the time.
Enter Sputnik 2. The Soviet press boasted about the 250-pound object
equipped with a cabin, providing all the necessary life support for a dog
named Laika. Well, almost. The Soviets admitted soon after the launch that
the spacecraft would not return, meaning that the animal was doomed from
the start. Years after Sputnik 2 burned up in the atmosphere, conflicting
scenarios of Laika's death were circulating in the West.
Recently, several Russian sources revealed that Laika survived in orbit
for four days and then died when the cabin overheated. The design of the
cabin was derived from the nose sections of experimental ballistic
missiles that carried dogs into the upper atmosphere in short and
relatively slow-speed flights, ending in a parachute landing.
With Sputnik 2, the Cold War politics left no time for designers to
develop a life-support system for a long-duration flight, not to mention
to protect a spacecraft for a fiery reentry.
Laika's story started soon after the Sputnik 1 triumph, when Nikita
Khrushchev, the Soviet leader at the time, hosted a big reception for
leading rocket designers. Among those present was Sergei Korolev, the
founder of the Soviet space program. At the reception, Khrushchev made the
suggestion that another Sputnik be launched to mark the 40th Anniversary
of the Bolshevik Revolution celebrated on November 7.
At the time, Korolev had a sophisticated research satellite in the works.
However, it could not possibly be ready for takeoff before December 1957.
That satellite would later become Sputnik 3. To meet the November
anniversary deadline, an entirely new design for Sputnik 2 emerged.
According to various Russian sources, the official decision to launch
Sputnik 2 before November 7 was made on October 10 or 12, 1957. In any
case, Korolev's team had less than four weeks to design and build the
spacecraft.
"All traditions developed in rocket technology were thrown out (during
work on the second satellite)," wrote Boris Chertok, deputy to Sergei
Korolev. "The second satellite was created without preliminary design, or
any kind of design." According to Chertok's memoirs, most elements of the
spacecraft were manufactured from sketches, while engineers moved into
production facilities to assist workers on site.
The common belief is that Sputnik 2 failed to separate from its booster.
In reality, the satellite was designed to remain attached to the upper
stage of its launcher, so that the rocket's own telemetry system could be
used to transmit data from the spacecraft.
The scientists did their best to benefit from this opportunity created by
Cold War politics. Laika's cabin was equipped with a television camera,
along with sensors to measure ambient pressure and temperature, as well as
the canine passenger's blood pressure, breath frequency and heartbeat.
These instruments allowed ground controllers to monitor how Laika
functioned and died in space. Above the dog's cabin, the engineers mounted
a spherical container that was developed for Sputnik 1. It held a radio
transmitter and an instrument to register ultraviolet and x-ray radiation.
After a successful launch, Sputnik 2 exhausted its electrical batteries
after six days in orbit. With all systems dead, the spacecraft continued
circling the Earth until April 14, 1958, when it reentered the atmosphere
after 2,570 orbits.
The Sputnik 2 flight exemplified how science was propelled by Cold War
politics -- a trend that would become more pronounced on both sides of the
Atlantic in later years.
Although advertised as another example of the superiority of the Soviet
system, Laika's mission also brought a few unintended results. In the
West, Sputnik 2 renewed the debate over the treatment of animals, while in
the U.S.S.R., the flight was widely ridiculed by ordinary citizens as
propaganda.
______________________________________________
Meteorite-list mailing list
Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com
http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
______________________________________________
Meteorite-list mailing list
Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com
http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
