I noticed this effect as well. I'm not sure if it's the right thing to
do, but if a "min" value is added to the hfsc queue, fq_codel will use
the full link bandwith e.g.

queue outq on em0 bandwidth 9M min 1M max 9M flows 1024 qlimit 1024 \
      default

On 2/23/21, Todd C. Miller <mill...@openbsd.org> wrote:
> On Tue, 23 Feb 2021 11:29:00 +0100, Stefan Sperling wrote:
>
>> I've noticed a similar effect on a slower link (VDSL with 50 down/ 10
>> up).
>> In this case the VDSL modem presents an Ethernet switch, so there is no
>> pppoe or vlan involved in the box that runs pf.
>>
>> As soon as I enable this example given in pf.conf(5):
>>
>>       queue outq on em0 bandwidth 9M max 9M flows 1024 qlimit 1024 \
>>             default
>>
>> I see only about 2 or 3 Mbit/s max upload during tcpbench.
>> Which is indeed quite a hit compared to 10M.
>
> That's odd.  I haven't had any problems with a VDSL connection with
> 100 down / 11 up.  My config is very similar to yours:
>
> queue outq on em2 flows 1024 bandwidth 10M max 10M qlimit 1024 default
>
> where em2 the underlying interface used by pppoe0.  Without queueing
> I have major problems when utilizing the upstream bandwidth, probably
> due to dropped ACKs.
>
>  - todd
>
>

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