Just rebuilt myself a fresh blead-perl, fresh httpd-2.0-svn and mod_perl-2.0-svn. All tests passed!
My hunch is that's it's something about Apple's Perl, and I'll investigate more later on. For now, I guess the best advice is to try with a self-built Perl and see if that hepls.
I have tested with perl 5.8.5, 5.8.6 with ithreads which fails, and 5.8.6 without ithreads which works. All built by myself.
I have no problems with MP 1.999.21 with ithreads, so my guess is that something changed after 1.999.21.