If you would like more information about each file, use the -l option. Here is an example:
% ls -l total 3 -rw-rw-rw- 1 john 1659 386 Feb 3 08:15 groceries -rw-r--r-- 1 john 1659 97 Mar 10 23:46 schedule -rw------- 1 john 1659 123 Mar 11 13:39 todo
This sample output shows three files. The fields on the first line are:
1. The first column is - for normal files.
2. -rw-rw-rw shows the current permissions for the file.
3. The digit 1 shows the number of links to the file. This is almost always 1.
4. The next field, john, shows the account name of the owner of the file.
5. 1659 is the ID code of the group that owns the file.
6. 386 is the size of the file in bytes.
7. Feb 3 08:15 shows the time and date when this file was last changed.
8. The name of the file comes last.
J.T.
From: "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: "newbie" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Subject: [newbie] Output of 'ls -l ...' Date: Sat, 18 Dec 2004 22:13:00 +0100
When I do ,e.g.,
$ ls -l /
, I get:
total 52 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 18 13:44 bin/ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 18 21:32 boot/ drwxr-xr-x 17 root root 3800 Dec 18 21:32 dev/ drwxr-xr-x 71 root root 4096 Dec 18 21:32 etc/ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 18 13:45 home/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 18 15:18 initrd/ drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Dec 18 14:38 lib/ drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jan 5 2004 mnt/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 5 2004 opt/ dr-xr-xr-x 78 root root 0 Dec 18 21:32 proc/ drwx------ 9 root root 4096 Dec 18 15:24 root/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 18 13:38 sbin/ drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 0 Dec 18 21:32 sys/ drwxrwxrwt 10 root root 4096 Dec 18 21:33 tmp/ drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Dec 18 13:46 usr/ drwxr-xr-x 17 root root 4096 Dec 18 13:38 var/
. Now, the first column says it's a directory and shows the permissions;
the third and the fourth columns should tell respectively who are the user and
the group
that own the file or directory, whereas the sixth coulmns shows the date
when the file or directory was created;
but what about the numbers that appears in the second and in the fifth column?
What's their meaning?
Bare with my ignorance, thanks, Rodolfo
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