Now you can follow VOA on Twitter! As always, VOANews.com, with its community
site USAVotes2008.com, will continue to provide you with coverage on the
transition from President Bush to President Obama. And be sure to contact VOA
to receive your free copy of the 2009 VOA Calendar! (You may also request a
copy by sending an email to [email protected].)
Defense Secretary Reassures US Allies in Gulf, Iraq; Warns Iran
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Robert Gates says Washington is prepared to defend partners in region in event
of any unforeseen conflict
During a trip to Bahrain, U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates
reassured U.S. allies in the Gulf that Washington is prepared to defend
them in the event of any unforeseen conflict. Mr. Gates then made an
unannounced visit to Baghdad.Robert Gates is seen at an International Institute
for Strategic Studies regional security conference in Manama, Bahrain, 13 Dec
2008Secretary of Defense Robert Gates met with a number of
top U.S. allies in the Gulf during a visit to Centcom Headquarters in
Manama, Bahrain, telling them that he was bringing a "message of
continuity and commitment to our friends and partners in the region"
from President-elect Obama.Gates went on to pay a surprise
visit to U.S. forces in Iraq, landing at Anaconda Airbase, 70
kilometers north of Baghdad. His visit is the first to the Gulf region
since the United States and Iraq signed a new three-year security pact,
due to go into effect on January 1.On the Bahrain leg of the
trip, Secretary Gates warned U.S. adversaries not to take advantage of
President-elect Barack Obama when he takes office on January 20, 2009."So
anyone who thought that the upcoming months might present opportunities
to test the new administration would be sorely mistaken," he said.
"President Obama and his national security team, myself included, will
be ready to defend the interests of the United States and our friends
and allies from the moment he takes office on January 20."Mr.
Gates also insisted that any U.S. adversary that is looking to test the
mettle of President-elect Obama was "sorely mistaken."The
secretary pointedly criticized Iran, repeating complaints by the
outgoing Bush administration that Tehran has been trying to destabilize
Iraq, and to reinforce its own military arsenal."But I will
tell you that one thing I think I can say with some confidence is that
the President-elect and his team are under no illusions about Iran's
behavior and what Iran has been doing in the region and is doing in
terms of its own weapons programs," he said.He also insisted
that "nobody is after a regime change in Iran," but that the United
States and other nations were looking for a "change in policies" and a
"change in behavior." Gates added that it "remains to be seen" if
President Obama will opt to talk with Iran directly.Secretary
Gates said on December 3 that U.S. commanders have been mulling over an
accelerated drawdown of U.S. forces from Iraq, but insisted that he
wasn't "concerned about a timetable." President-elect Obama, he argued,
wants to have a "responsible drawdown," and that he was prepared to
"listen to his commanders" on how to proceed.
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Asian Powers Vow to Jump-Start World Economy
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Leaders of China, Japan and South Korea make bold pledge during unprecedented
summit in southwestern Japan
Japanese PM Taro Aso (c), S. Korean President Lee Myung-Bak (l) and Chinese
Premier Wen Jiabao after meeting in Japan, 13 Dec 2008 East Asia's dominant
economic powers are promising to help revive the ailing global economy.The
leaders of China, Japan and South Korea made the bold pledge during an
unprecedented summit Saturday in southwestern Japan.They
say they will work together to boost their manufacturing sectors and
increase demand, while helping each other to avoid mistakes that have
hurt the economies of other countries.Japanese Prime Minister
Taro Aso, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and South Korean President Lee
Myung-Bak also say they will set up a regional fund to help stabilize
the region's economies, and give more money to the Asian Development
Bank.China, Japan and South Korea make up 75 percent of the
East Asian economy, and account for almost 17 percent of the world's
economic output.The three countries say they now plan to hold three-way summits
on an annual basis.The
failure of U.S. lawmakers to help America's ailing auto industry has
been rattling economies around the world, sending the major Asian stock
indexes down more than five percent Friday. Japan said Friday
it will spend $255 billion as part of a stimulus package aimed at
homeowners and the country's financial markets. China also is
promising help, with loans and other possible measures aimed at its
auto and steel industries.In Europe, members of the European Union put aside
differences to support an almost $260 billion stimulus plan.
Some information for this report was provided by AFP and Reuters.
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North Korea Warns of Slowdown on Ending Nuclear Capabilities
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Latest meetings in multinational nuclear talks broke down this week in Beijing,
leading Washington to suspend energy aid to North
North Korea is warning it may slow down the pace of ending its nuclear
capabilities as part of a multinational negotiation process. The
latest meetings in that process broke down this week in Beijing,
leading Washington to suspend energy aid to the North. Other partners in the
talks are
expressing their regrets about the lack of progress.A day after
the United States and its regional partners warned they would suspend
energy aid to North Korea, Pyongyang says it may hold on to its nuclear
weapons capabilities a bit longer than planned.Kim Kye-gwan speaks to reporters
after meeting with US nuclear negotiator Christopher Hill, 05 Dec 2008 North
Korea's chief delegate to multinational nuclear talks, Kim Kye-gwan, spoke
Saturday to reporters in Beijing.Kim
says Pyongyang will be fine even if heavy oil shipments it was
scheduled to receive are suspended. He warns, North Korea will adjust
the speed of its work to disable its nuclear programs if the fuel does
not come in.Energy assistance is one of the benefits North
Korea is supposed to receive in exchange for gradual steps toward
nuclear disarmament. The North submitted a declaration of its nuclear
programs earlier this year as part of a multi-phase deal aimed at
getting rid of of its nuclear weapons altogether.However, talks
between the two Koreas, Japan, Russia, China and the United States
broke down this week in Beijing after the six parties failed to break
an impasse over verifying the accuracy of that nuclear declaration.
The United States says international nuclear inspectors need the
ability to take physical samples for lab study from suspected North
Korean nuclear sites. Pyongyang says it will not permit that.At
a summit in Fukuoka, Japan, Saturday, South Korean President Lee
Myung-bak and Japanese Prime Minister Taro Aso expressed regret for
what they called North Korea's "failure to cooperate" in verifying the
truth of the North's nuclear pledges.In a separate statement,
Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao expressed his own regrets, and urged North
and South Korea to resume dialogue. North Korea recently tightened its
border to the South and is threatening to cut contacts with Seoul
completely in anger over the South's conservative policy toward aid and
investment in the North.No further six-nation nuclear talks are
scheduled at this time. Negotiations are viewed as unlikely to resume
before the January inauguration of President-elect Barack Obama.
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British Prime Minister Visits Afghanistan
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Gordon Brown in Kabul for talks with Afghan President Hamid Karzai; met earlier
with British troops in southern Helmand province
The British prime minister is in the Afghan capital, Kabul, for talks with
Afghan President Hamid Karzai.British PM Gordon Brown (l) during joint press
conference with Afghan President Hamid Karzai in Kabul, 13 Dec 2008Gordon
Brown arrived in Afghanistan Saturday on a previously unannounced
visit. He met with British troops in southern Helmand province before
traveling to the capital.British military officials say it is the closest the
British prime minister has ever gotten to the front lines in Afghanistan.His
visit comes just one day after four British soldiers were killed in
Helmand - one by a roadside bomb and three by a 13-year-old suicide
bomber.Mr. Brown denounced the Taliban for using such tactics.The
prime minister released a statement calling the soldiers' deaths a
"tragic loss" and saying fighting the Taliban puts British forces in
the front line against terrorism. In a separate development,
U.S. and Afghan forces say they killed six suspected militants and
detained 16 others in operations in southern Afghanistan Thursday and
Friday.Elsewhere in the country's south, NATO said its troops
fired on a speeding bus that failed to heed warning shots on Friday,
killing at least three civilians on board.The alliance says a
NATO foot patrol fired the warning shots as the bus veered toward the
troops on the highway that links Kabul to Kandahar. Civilian deaths at the
hands of international troops have caused tension between the Afghan government
and Western governments.Mr.
Karzai has repeatedly called on international forces to do all they can
to prevent civilian casualties during military operations.
------------------------------------------------------
Rice to Press for Zimbabwe Action at UN
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US officials fault UN Security Council for failing to take meaningful action to
end crisis
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice (fle photo)The State Department says
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice will join in consultations at the United
Nations next week on the political and health crisis in Zimbabwe. U.S.
officials fault the U.N. Security Council for failing to take meaningful action
to end the crisis.
State Department officials are not expecting any early Security Council
resolution supporting U.S. calls for embattled Zimbabwean President Robert
Mugabe to step aside.
But they say Rice will try, in U.N. consultations Monday and Tuesday, to
generate more pressure on the Zimbabwean leader, especially from neighboring
states in southern Africa who have not used all the leverage they have to end
the crisis.
With the death toll in Zimbabwe climbing from a cholera outbreak it attributes
to failed governance, the Bush administration has shifted its policy emphasis
in recent days from trying to get Mr. Mugabe to share power with his opponents
to leaving office altogether.
Cholera patients wait for treatment at Budiriro Polyclinic in Harare, 26 Nov
2008At a news briefing, State Department Spokesman Sean McCormack said it is
unfortunate the Security Council has not been able to take meaningful action on
Zimbabwe thus far, and that Rice will explore whether attitudes have changed in
light of the cholera epidemic and its spillover effects in the region.
He said the United States wants to start a process that will bring an end to
the tragedy unfolding in Zimbabwe and that African states, in particular, need
to do more.
"Robert Mugabe probably could not continue on in the position he's in without
some form of political support for him from neighboring states and states on
the continent. We have made it quite clear where we stand and I think many,
many other states in the international system have made it quite clear where we
stand," he said. "We do know as a fact that states in the region have, at their
disposal, unused leverage which we would urge them to use in this case, because
the situation in Zimbabwe is not getting any better and people are dying."
Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe, 09 Nov 2008While a senior State Department
official on Thursday called for regional power South Africa to close its border
with Zimbabwe to drive Mr. Mugabe from office, McCormack said he would not be
prescriptive and that there are various levers neighbors can use in the current
situation.
He said the United States, as a friend of South Africa, has urged it to take
action on Zimbabwe but that it must ultimately make its own decision on the
proper course to take.
U.S. officials have privately criticized South African leaders as being
protective of Mr. Mugabe and say it is doubtful that government, a U.N.
Security Council member until the end of this year, would support a strong
resolution on Zimbabwe.
While in New York, Rice will also take part in Security Council consultations
on dealing with the problem of piracy along the Somali coast.
------------------------------------------------------
UN Report Finds Evidence of Rwandan Aid to DRC Rebels
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Report says Rwandan authorities have sent officers and units of Rwanda Defense
Forces (RDF) across border into Congo to support General Laurent Nkunda's rebel
fighters
General Laurent Nkunda (2007 file photo)A United Nations panel of experts
has found evidence that Rwanda has provided support to Laurent Nkunda's rebel
forces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Officials in Congo have often
accused neighboring Rwanda of aiding the rebels, a charge Rwanda denies.
The report, released late Friday, charges that Rwandan authorities have been
"complicit" in the recruitment of soldiers, including children, and have
facilitated the supply of military equipment and sent officers and units of the
Rwanda Defense Forces (RDF) across the border into Congo to support General
Nkunda's rebel fighters, known as the CNDP.
Jason Stearns, the coordinator of the independent group of experts, said the
five member panel does not speculate in its report on how systematic the
involvement is, or who in the Rwandan government has been complicit. "It is
obvious that given the fairly organized structure of the Rwandan government,
that there is certainly knowledge of this. Given what we have described in the
report, they must know about this. They have not done anything to bring it to
an end," he said.
Rwandan officials have repeatedly denied giving any assistance to the CNDP.
But the panel's report says it found evidence that CNDP rebels used Rwandan
territory as a base for fundraising meetings and bank accounts - including at
least one account belonging to General Nkunda's wife.
The panel also obtained evidence showing "extensive collaboration" between the
Congolese army and Hutu rebels from the FDLR [Democratic Forces of the
Liberation of Rwanda] and Mai-Mai tribal militias, including joint operations
against Nkunda's CNDP rebels.
Stearns says Congolese authorities have also aided Rwandan Hutu forces. "I
would say the same thing for the Congolese army actually and the FDLR. It is
obvious to us that they certainly knew about them and did nothing to stop it.
We do not want to speculate on who is pulling the trigger here, who is giving
the orders. But it is obvious that Rwandan authorities and Congolese
authorities are aware of support provided to rebel groups."
Starting in mid-August, the five independent experts spent 12 weeks in Central
Africa collecting evidence - including documents, phone records, eyewitness
accounts and other testimony.
Their report offers 16 recommendations to the Security Council's sanctions
committee. Among them - enforced compliance with the arms embargo and reminding
Rwanda of its obligation to prevent any form of support to the CNDP.
There is also a confidential annex recommending individuals and groups to the
Security Council for sanctions.
A quarter of a million people have been displaced in eastern Congo since
August, when the latest round of fighting between Laurent Nkunda's rebels and
the government began.
------------------------------------------------------
Admiral Skeptical as US Seeks to Pursue Pirates onto Land
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Commander of US naval forces in Middle East says piracy can not be ended
through US military action alone
Pirates leave the Ukrainian merchant vessel MV Faina for Somalia's shore
under observation by a US Navy ship, 08 Oct 2008The Pentagon says it is looking
into how it might act on a draft U.N. Security Council resolution, being
circulated by the United States, that would, for the first time, authorize
military action against pirate bases inside Somalia. But a senior American
admiral is expressing skepticism about the plan.
The draft resolution calls on all countries to actively fight piracy off the
Somali coast, as many countries including the United States have been doing.
The U.S. draft also adds a 12-month authorization for foreign forces to enter
Somali territory and airspace to "take all necessary measures" to find and stop
pirates, if the transitional Somali government agrees.
But in Bahrain on Friday, Vice Admiral Bill Gortney, the commander of U.S.
naval forces in the Middle East, said he does not need any more authority to
fight pirates. He told reporters it would be difficult to identify pirate bases
in Somalia because they blend in with the local population, and he said any
attacks would likely result in civilian casualties.
Admiral Gortney said piracy can not be ended through U.S. military action
alone. He said to do more on piracy he needs better cooperation among all the
world's navies, but also a bigger security effort by the shipping industry and
improved stability, economic development and rule of law in Somalia in order to
reduce the number of men who turn to a life of crime on the high seas. And the
admiral says he needs one more thing.
"We need the international community to provide us a mechanism that when we
capture pirates we have a process to hold them and then take them to a court of
law and hold them accountable for their actions if they're found guilty," he
said.
Admiral Gortney says his forces rescued some men on a small boat this week
whose engine had gone out and who had no food or water left. The sailors found
rifles and grenades in the boat and concluded the men were pirates, but because
they had not been observed doing anything wrong the troops had to treat them as
"mariners in distress." So they were rescued then set free in Yemen.
In recent months, U.S. military and civilian officials have cited many
difficulties in trying to deal with piracy in the region, including the ones
mentioned by Admiral Gortney, as well as the logistical difficulty of trying to
police a body of water as large as the Gulf of Aden and dangers any military
action would pose to hostages held on pirated ships. Pirates currently hold
about 300 hostages on 17 ships off the Horn of Africa.
On Friday, Pentagon Spokesman Bryan Whitman said there are still a lot of
details to work out before the U.S. military would be ready to more aggressive
in dealing with pirates, or to take the fight onto land.
"I would tell you that there are many issues associated with this, and you've
hit upon a lot of them. There are many challenges to this. There are legal
issues out there. There are practical issues with respect to how you would go
about doing this. And the United States government is trying to take a look at
this in a broad way. And we, as part of that, are certainly going to look at
what some of the military aspects would be. We are in the process of that. It's
ongoing," he said.
Whitman says military action alone can not solve the piracy problems. "I think
there are many that are seeking a simple military solution, or solely a
military solution, to address the piracy issue. And I think we need to take a
more comprehensive look at this. And while there may be a military component,
this is an issue that has to be addressed more broadly," he said.
U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice will be at the United Nations next
week to talk about the piracy resolution with representatives of other Security
Council member nations. Earlier this month, the council extended its mandate
for naval anti-piracy patrols, but it is not clear when the new draft adding
action on land and in Somali airspace might come to a vote.
------------------------------------------------------
Colombian Drug Kingpin Extradited to US
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Diego Montoya was on FBI's list of 10 most-wanted fugitives before being caught
last year
Diego Montoya at military base in Bogota, 12 Dec 2008
Colombia has extradited the head of Colombia's most powerful drug cartel to
face trafficking and murder charges in the United States.
U.S. officials say an FBI airplane brought the head of the North Valley drug
cartel Diego Montoya to Miami on Friday. Montoya had been on the FBI's 10 most
wanted list, until his capture by Colombian police more than a year ago.
He is expected to appear in court Monday, where he faces charges that include
cocaine trafficking, money laundering, and murdering potential witnesses
against his organization.
The U.S. attorney in Miami, Alex Acosta, said Montoya's cartel is responsible
for smuggling more than $10 billion in cocaine into the United States.
"And as charged in this indictment, it has routinely used murders, kidnappings
and brute force to conduct its drug business," he said.
Acosta says the combined efforts of U.S. and Colombian police and anti-drug
agents have dealt a serious blow to the North Valley cartel in recent years.
The current U.S. case involves several other cartel leaders, including one of
Montoya's brothers who was extradited earlier this year. In an earlier case,
another brother and a cousin pleaded guilty to trafficking and money laundering
charges.
U.S. attorney Acosta said the cases against North Valley leaders is not the
end of the anti-drug fight. "I do think we are seeing a splintering, and a
dismantling of the cartel. But I think it would be premature to declare
victory, because I'm certain others are stepping in to fill the void," he said.
Montoya faces at least 20 years in jail if convicted of the charges against
him. U.S. authorities also have seized condos belonging to Montoya in Miami,
and say they are seeking the forfeiture of $1 billion in cash.
------------------------------------------------------
Production Cuts Expected When OPEC Meets December 17
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OPEC's 3rd production cut since September a concern for producers with
development goals, says analyst
The oil cartel OPEC is expected to announce further cuts in production of at
least one million barrels a day, when its members meet in Algeria December 17.
The aim is to shore up oil prices, which have fallen drastically in recent
months. Oil prices dipped below $75 a barrel after OPEC reduced its 2009
petroleum demand, (October 2008 file photo)Less than six months ago oil prices
stood at a record high of just over $147 a barrel and predictions were they
could hit $200. Prices have since fallen drastically and that has oil producers
worried.And, so for the 3rd time since September, OPEC is expected to cut
production in order to try to shore up the price.Petroleum analyst Mike Ala of
the Imperial College London, said the loss of production is nonetheless a
concern for producers. "I mean, in the case of Iran, the 2nd largest producer
in OPEC, 2nd exporter, its share of the cut-back in November was 200,000
barrels a day. Saudi Arabia's share was about 450,000 barrels a day. And, these
countries can't go on cutting production because they do need the revenues for
their development projects," he said.Ala said even if production cuts drive up
the price, producers will be selling less - and in the end, he said they will
still lose money.Ala also noted that previous production cuts have done little
to drive up prices. The reality, he said, is that the oil price bubble has
burst.There are differing views as to why oil prices soared to nearly $150 a
barrel earlier this year. Surging demand by emerging economies such as India
and China were often cited as the main reason.Not so, said Mike Ala - there
were other factors at work."A lot of it had to do with perception - terrorism,
political instability in some of the producing countries, like Nigeria, some
South American countries. And, to a significant extent, to paper trading. World
production is around 85 million barrels a day. Several times that was actually
traded on paper," he said.Ala said this paper trading and speculation by
financial institutions such as banks and hedge funds drove up oil prices an
additional $20 to $30 per barrel.The current drop in oil prices is a welcome
sign for consumers amid a global economic crisis and a world in deep recession.
Political economist Waltraud SchelkleEconomist Waltraud Schelkle of the
London School of Economics said lower oil prices are a stabilizing factor in
today's world economy."Expectations that we use energy when we have a boom have
gone down and oil prices react just like stock prices and go down in a violent
way - it is a bit of a relief in that sense and actually they drop in prices
are stabilizers of our business cycle."When OPEC members meet in Algeria they
are expected to agree on production cuts of at least one million barrels a day
- maybe more. The question is what impact it will have on price.In mid-December
oil prices stood at around $40 a barrel. Petroleum analyst Mike Ala thinks the
price will rise, maybe into the $70 range - mainly, he said, because of
seasonal demand for fuel in winter in the northern hemisphere.
------------------------------------------------------
Egyptian Team Works to Uncover Statue of Pharaoh
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Largest known statue of Ramses II ever found in Egypt
An archeological team, under the direction of Egypt's well-known Antiquities
chief Zahi Hawass, has begun uncovering rubble under which the largest known
statue of Pharaoh Ramses II is buried in the southern Egyptian town of Sohag.
The statue, which workers discovered more than 15 years ago, 476 kilometers
miles south of Cairo, is finally being uncovered, according to Antiquities
Chief Zahi Hawass.
The Egyptian team had been hampered in its excavation work, until now, by the
presence of a Muslim cemetery in the region of Akhmim across the Nile River
from Sohag. Archeologists were finally able to begin their work when bodies
from the modern-era cemetery were moved elsewhere.
Hawass said the statue was the "largest of Ramses II" ever found in Egypt, and
his team said the statue was part of a temple complex dedicated to Ramses II.
The reign of Ramses II was marked by major building projects and archeologists
say that he is reputed to have built more buildings and statues in Egypt than
any other pharaoh.
Ramses II ruled for approximately 67 years. In addition to being known as a
builder, Ramses II is also believed to have carved his name over the names of
other Pharaohs to rededicate their statues to himself.
French Egyptologist Bruno Argemi of the Egyptian Archeological Society of
Provence, France, says that Ramses II is one of the most important Pharaohs of
Egypt's New Kingdom's 19th dynasty, which is the next to last dynasty of the
era. The Amenophis pharaohs begin the New Empire, he says, at the point when
the 18th dynasty ends, and it includes the Thutmose pharaohs and Hatchepsout.
The 19th dynasty is known for Ramses I, Seti I and Ramses II… So, he concludes
that Ramses II is really one of the greatest kings that Egypt has ever known,
along with Tuthmose III, Amenophis III and Hatchepsout…
Argemi thinks that the discovery of the new statue is also an important event,
not only because of its colossal size, but because few other remnants of his
reign have been found, to date, in the Middle Egyptian region of Sohag.
He says that Ramses II built many impressive temples and statues, including
those of Abu Simbel and Athenis, so the discovery of one that is even larger
than that of the 25 meter statue at Abu Simbel is a major find. He also
stresses that many statues and temples of Ramses have been found in both Upper
Egypt and the Delta region, but very few in Sohag, making this an unusual find.
The granite statue of Ramses II in Sohag was first discovered in 1991 when
workers were installing a foundation to build a new post office.
------------------------------------------------------
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