Hypoallergenic
This
means a product is a low risk for causing allergies - good news for
people with sensitive skin. But manufacturers aren't required to prove
their claims and there are hundreds of potential allergies, so there's
no guarantee that your skin won't react.
Alpha hydroxy
Many
anti-wrinkle and chemical peel products contain several common AHAs,
such as glycolic, citric and lactic acids. Known for their exfoliating
and "anti-ageing" properties.
Dermatologically tested
A qualified dermatologist has tested, but not necessarily recommended the
product.
Brightening
These
products usually contain jojoba and grapeseed which are claimed to even
out skin tone and make it appear smoother. Beware, though, strong
brighteners can contain harsh chemicals which literally bleach your
skin.
Restructuring
These can help to
restore skin, nails or hair to their former glory, before the ravages
of heat or chemicals. They can contain anything from Vitamin E to
sunflower and almond, which are said to dissolve old skin cells and
help speed up cellular restructuring. It's usually temporary though.
Clinically proven
The
manufacturer has conducted tests in a clinical setting, some carried
out by an independent source, others not. It doesn't mean anything was
actually proven by the tests, it just means that they've been carried
out.
Noncomedogenic
Noncomedogenic products
are designed for skin which is prone to spots as they don't contain
ingredients known to clog pores. That doesn't automatically mean
they're suitable for sensitive skin.
Firming
Products
which promise to "firm" your skin contain "plumping" ingredients, such
as caffeine, cayenne pepper, retinol and hyaluronic acid, a substance
found in body tissue which cushions and lubricates.
Broad-spectrum
This
means that the product protects against both A and B ultraviolet rays,
so it's usually found on sunscreens. But no sunscreen blocks out 100
per cent of harmful rays.
SPF
Sun protection
factor. The number - such as SPF15 - tells you the level of protection
the product will give you against the sun's harmful rays, which are
known to promote wrinkles. The higher the number, the more protection,
so if a product is SPF15 you can stay in the sun for 15 times longer
than you could when not wearing any form of protection.
Pro-Xylane
A
sugar-derived molecule from Eastern European beech trees which is used
in face creams. It's largely aimed at older women with claims that it
"fights ageing" by "strengthening" skin cells.
Panthenol
It's
a form of Vitamin B, usually obtained from plants. When it's used in a
skin cream it penetrates the lower skin layer and is absorbed into
cells where it turns into pantothenic acid, also known as B5. This adds
moisture and gives skin a plump appearance.
Vitamin E
This has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and healing effects on the skin.
Vitamin C
Vitamin
C is often used in creams because of its antioxidant properties, which
may protect from harmful UV rays. It is also claimed to be
"anti-ageing" and can help reverse the signs of UV damage by boosting
collagen.
Collagen
Collagen
is a natural protein found in bone, cartilage and skin. It's often
added to face creams to help the skin retain moisture, making it look
plump and smooth. Women who want a bigger pout have it injected into
their lips.
Bio-flavonoid
A natural component of the elderberry flower, this helps protect the skin
against free radicals which are said to "age" it.
Pro-retinol
Retinol is a version of vitamin A which is often found in "anti-ageing"
products and is said to make the skin look "fuller".
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