Your smoking is injurious to my health. Dad, please do not fill the
room with this dirty air, it suffocates me. Please, give me a room to
breathe," have you ever felt your child's agony when you light up that
poison stick and smoke in pleasure? 

How
often have you heard the silence of your one-year-old? "Yes, I do care
doctor, because I smoke outside in the balcony when my child is in the
bedroom. I avoid smoking in front of my kids." This is the usual
explanation I get from my well educated patients. We smoke outside,
agreed; but how many of us wash our hands and clean our teeth before we
hold our little children? 

We all work in smoke-free offices,
and have learnt to go out and smoke. Fortunately, the government has
also taken disciplinary actions for "smoking in public places", which
has further led to an awakening among smokers to be cautious in public
places and workplaces while lighting up their stick. The government,
however, cannot touch situations prevailing at homes, which needs to be
addressed seriously.

What is second hand smoking?

First
of all, we need to understand what is passive smoking? Passive smoke or
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a mixture of exhaled mainstream
smoke (smoke exhaled by smokers); and side stream smoke (smoke
generated from a passively lit cigarette); as well as contaminants that
diffuse through the cigarette paper and cigarette end between puffs.
ETS contains more than 4,000 chemical compounds, and is even more
carcinogenic than active smoking. US Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), National Toxicology Program and the International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified ETS as a Class A (known human)
carcinogen, along with asbestos, arsenic, benzene and radon gas. The
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has concluded
that secondhand smoke is an occupational carcinogen. Second hand smoke
is a major source of indoor air pollution.

Immediate effects of passive smoke

Some
of the immediate effects of passive smoking include eye irritation,
headache, cough, sore throat, dizziness and nausea. Adults with asthma
can experience a significant decline in lung function when exposed,
while new cases of asthma may be induced in children whose parents
smoke. Just 30 minutes exposure is enough to reduce coronary blood flow.

Passive smoking and adults

Breathing
secondhand smoke for even a short time can have immediate adverse
effects on the cardiovascular system and interferes with the normal
functioning of the heart, blood, and vascular systems in ways that
increase the risk of a heart attack. Non-smokers, who are exposed to
passive smoking in the home, have a 25 per cent increased risk of heart
disease and lung cancer. A major review by the Government-appointed
Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health (SCOTH) concluded that
passive smoking is a cause of lung cancer and ischemic heart disease in
adult non-smokers.

Passive smoking and children

It
is alarming to know that nearly 700 million children worldwide live in
the home of a smoker. Infants of mothers who smoke have five times the
risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). They also suffer from
reduced birth weight and reduced lung functioning. Passive smoking
increases the risk of bronchitis, pneumonia and bronchiolitis and is a
risk factor for new cases of asthma in children. Passive smoking is
also associated with middle ear infection in children as well as
possible cardiovascular impairment and behavioural problems. A US study
found deficits in reading and reasoning skills among children even at
low levels of smoke exposure. 

Quit smoking

The
single best way for giving you and your family a smoke-free environment
is to quit smoking. Quitting requires planning, and a strong intention.
There are effective support systems to help you in your quitting
process. A Structured Tobacco Cessation Clinic can help you in your
treatment of tobacco dependence. Intervention needs to combine
intensive psychotherapeutic interventions, along with pharmacotherapy
to reduce withdrawals. Nicotine replacement therapy and pharmacotherapy
is also available to make the quitting process easier.. A new drug such
as Varenicline, is promising greater success in managing the cravings
or withdrawals effectively.  
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