(�`�._.�[��V��]�._.���) Engine Cooling, Air-intake and Starting Systems

[Pratham]

 
Engine Cooling, Air-intake and Starting SystemsThe cooling system
in most cars consists of the radiator and water pump. Water circulates
through passages around the cylinders and then travels through the
radiator to cool it off. In a few cars (most notably Volkswagen
Beetles), as well as most motorcycles and lawn mowers, the engine is
air-cooled instead (You can tell an air-cooled engine by the fins
adorning the outside of each cylinder to help dissipate heat.).
Air-cooling makes the engine lighter but hotter, generally decreasing
engine life and overall performance. See How Car Cooling Systems Work
for details.           Diagram of a cooling system
 showing how all the plumbing is connected     So now you know how and why your 
engine stays cool. But why is air circulation so important? Most cars are 
normally aspirated, which means that air flows through an air filter and 
directly into the cylinders. High-performance engines are either turbocharged 
or supercharged,
which means that air coming into the engine is first pressurized (so
that more air/fuel mixture can be squeezed into each cylinder) to
increase performance. The amount of pressurization is called boost.
A turbocharger uses a small turbine attached to the exhaust pipe to
spin a compressing turbine in the incoming air stream. A supercharger
is attached directly to the engine to spin the compressor.       <!--
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can increase its  performance by pressurizing incoming air.\" 
src\u003d\"http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/turbo-housing.jpg\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cfont
 size\u003d\"-2\"\u003ePhoto courtesy Garrett\u003c/font\u003e 
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  \u003cdiv\u003eSee How Turbochargers Work for details. \u003c/div\u003e  
\u003cdiv\u003eIncreasing your engine\u0026#39;s performance is great, but what 
exactly happens when you turn the key to start it? The 
\u003cstrong\u003estarting system\u003c/strong\u003e consists of an electric 
starter motor and a \u003cstrong\u003estarter solenoid\u003c/strong\u003e. When 
you turn the ignition key, the starter motor spins the engine a few revolutions 
so that the combustion 
process can start. It takes a powerful motor to spin a cold engine. The starter 
motor must overcome: \u003c/div\u003e  \u003cul\u003e  \u003cli\u003eAll of the 
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\u003cli\u003eThe energy needed to open and close valves with the camshaft   
\u003cli\u003eAll of\n the \u0026quot;other\u0026quot; things directly attached 
to the engine, like the water pump, oil pump, alternator, etc. 
\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003eBecause
 so much energy is needed and because a car uses a 12-volt electrical system, 
hundreds of amps of electricity must flow into the starter motor. The starter 
solenoid is essentially a large electronic switch that can handle that much 
current. When you turn the ignition key, it activates the solenoid to power the 
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//-->        Photo courtesy Garrett   See How Turbochargers Work for 
details.   Increasing your engine's performance is great, but what exactly 
happens when you turn the key to start it? The starting system consists of an 
electric starter motor and a starter solenoid.
When you turn the ignition key, the starter motor spins the engine a
few revolutions so that the combustion process can start. It takes a
powerful motor to spin a cold engine. The starter motor must overcome:   All of 
the internal friction caused by the piston rings   The compression pressure of 
any cylinder(s) that happens to be in the compression stroke   The energy 
needed to open and close valves with the camshaft   All of
 the "other" things directly attached to the engine, like the water 
pump, oil pump, alternator, etc. Because
so much energy is needed and because a car uses a 12-volt electrical
system, hundreds of amps of electricity must flow into the starter
motor. The starter solenoid is essentially a large electronic switch
that can handle that much current. When you turn the ignition key, it
activates the solenoid to power the motor.Group [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL 
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