jmestwa-coder opened a new pull request, #655:
URL: https://github.com/apache/logging-log4cxx/pull/655

   ## Summary
   
   Add bounds validation to `StringHelper::format` to safely handle malformed 
or under-supplied placeholders.
   
   The previous implementation indexed `pattern[i + 1]`, `pattern[i + 2]`, and 
`params[arg]` without validating bounds, which could trigger invalid memory 
access and process failure for malformed format strings or missing arguments.
   
   ## Changes
   
   - Replaced sentinel-style string iteration with length-checked iteration
   - Added bounds checks before reading placeholder characters
   - Added argument index validation before accessing `params[arg]`
   - Preserved unresolved placeholders literally when arguments are missing
   
   ## Tests
   
   Added regression coverage for:
   - empty format patterns
   - missing placeholder arguments


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