According to RFC 5915 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5915):
ECPrivateKey ::= SEQUENCE { version INTEGER { ecPrivkeyVer1(1) } (ecPrivkeyVer1), privateKey OCTET STRING, parameters [0] ECParameters {{ NamedCurve }} OPTIONAL, publicKey [1] BIT STRING OPTIONAL } Given the following key: $ dumpasn1 ec-priv-xxx.der 0 37: SEQUENCE { 2 1: INTEGER 1 5 32: OCTET STRING : 2C 14 F9 E0 30 87 7E 63 7E 4C 4F A3 10 FE 2B 6E : D3 A8 F6 95 31 84 15 E6 58 DA D6 E4 DE DB 06 B9 : } The 'ec' command fails to parse it: $ openssl ec -in ec-priv-xxx.der -inform DER -text -noout read EC key unable to load Key 140735144063452:error:10092010:elliptic curve routines:d2i_ECPrivateKey:EC lib:ec_asn1.c:1160: Attempting to parse it in PEM format: $ openssl ec -in ec-priv-xxx.pem -inform PEM -text -noout read EC key unable to load Key 140735144063452:error:10092010:elliptic curve routines:d2i_ECPrivateKey:EC lib:ec_asn1.c:1160: 140735144063452:error:100DE08E:elliptic curve routines:OLD_EC_PRIV_DECODE:decode error:ec_ameth.c:566: 140735144063452:error:0D07209B:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_get_object:too long:asn1_lib.c:142: 140735144063452:error:0D068066:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:bad object header:tasn_dec.c:1306: 140735144063452:error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error:tasn_dec.c:381:Type=PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO 140735144063452:error:0907B00D:PEM routines:PEM_READ_BIO_PRIVATEKEY:ASN1 lib:pem_pkey.c:132: Parsing with full parameters is OK: $ openssl ec -in ec-priv.der -inform DER -text -noout read EC key Private-Key: (256 bit) priv: 2c:14:f9:e0:30:87:7e:63:7e:4c:4f:a3:10:fe:2b: 6e:d3:a8:f6:95:31:84:15:e6:58:da:d6:e4:de:db: 06:b9 pub: 04:3e:cb:d0:fb:9d:8d:30:fd:69:a0:42:d8:b6:93: 47:8b:b2:64:2e:bd:d8:27:70:f4:80:85:24:3d:3a: a5:23:a8:db:05:67:da:62:66:53:ee:a1:31:f8:0c: 7f:45:23:72:d0:89:97:c3:90:cb:d5:15:c9:1c:13: 86:5d:a6:8d:80 ASN1 OID: secp256k1
ec-priv-xxx.der
Description: application/x509-ca-cert
ec-priv-xxx.pem
Description: application/x509-ca-cert
ec-priv.pem
Description: application/x509-ca-cert
ec-priv.der
Description: application/x509-ca-cert