Mike, Common Logic (CL) is a very general version of logic, and OWL is just a tiny subset of the capabilities of CL. Peirce's existential graphs, with a small extension, have the full expressive power of CL. For an overview of the issues and the mappings to and from EGs, see http://jfsowa.com/talks/eswc.pdf . These are the slides (with references to all the systems and logics mentioned) for a keynote speech at the 2020 European Semantic Web Conference. It was originally scheduled for Crete, but it was Zoomifiied because of Covid. John PS: "sowa" in Polish (and other Slavic languages) means 'owl". But I much prefer Common Logic, especially its graphic expression in EGs and other digrammatic forms. I worked on the committee that specified Common Logic, and I made sure that it had a simple mapping to and from EGs. I don't like OWL, and my goal is to persuade people to adopt EGs and related graphic notations ----------------------------------------
---------------------------------------- From: "Mike Bergman" <m...@mkbergman.com> Sent: Friday, November 5, 2021 2:17 AM To: peirce-l@list.iupui.edu Subject: Re: [PEIRCE-L] Signs, Types, and Tokens Hi All, This is a frequent question, between token and type, in knowledge representation systems. Of course, the answer to this question is context. When talking about a thing or its attributes, token is your choice. When talking about external relationships or group membership, type is your choice. Sometimes, for the same given thing, either might be appropriate, again depending on context. A real advance in the second version of the OWL language, one of the W3C standards, was to enable a metamodeling technique called 'punning'. Depending on context, the same 'thing' may be either a class (type) or instance (individual) [1]. I think Charlie would approve, but I do not have song and verse to cite for that immediately at hand. Mike
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