List: More conjectures from the perspective of the interface between AI and realism.
The grammatical structure of chemical sentences transform the pragmatic meanings of terms by transforming the real structures of the material subjects, describable in terms of Aristotelian categories of existence and causality. Measurements of homeostasis show the equilibrium between the terms that can not be expressed in the formal predicate logics of ordinary semantics because of the unique structural transformations of the chemical language. (The language that motivated CSP’s notion of graphs.) (Think HANDEDNESS!) It is only a quick leap (in the sense of Robert Bly) to conclude that while AI may transform our (decaying?) cultural systems, the electrical logic of our genetic system appears immune BECAUSE its stability emerges from chemical constants. (C. P. Snow motivated this conjecture.) Cheers Jerry > On Dec 31, 2024, at 8:06 AM, Gary Richmond <[email protected]> wrote: > > Ben, List, > > Your remarks seem to me to be highly conjectural, Ben. There are lots of > 'theories' -- including both science based as well as conspiracy theories -- > floating around concerning the drones flying over New Jersey and other US > states. Here's a BBC article which I think summarizes what we actually know > so far. > "What we know about mysterious drones over New Jersey and other states" > https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62785697v0o > > Top of (introduction to) the substance of the article: > > US aviation authorities have announced a temporary ban on the use of drones > in nearly two dozen cities of New Jersey until mid January. > > But mystery continues to swirl after nearly a month of drone sightings over > New Jersey and other US states, alarming some residents. > > Authorities have been unable to provide definitive answers about these > sightings, saying only that the flying objects are not believed to pose a > danger to the public or national security. > > On Sunday, Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas confirmed the > sightings included drones, as well as manned aircraft commonly mistaken for > drones. > > He added that he knows of "no foreign involvement" to do with the unmanned > aerial vehicles. > Some lawmakers have criticised the government's handling of the drone reports > and the lack of public information. > > The drone reports have prompted a wide-range of baseless conspiracy theories, > including that they are searching for nuclear weapons, radioactive "dirty > bombs" or are part of an impending invasion by aliens. > > As I remarked in my post addressed to Jerry and the List yesterday, while > there is certainly cause for concern regarding the present and possible > employment of AI assisted devices, I personally wouldn't leap to any > conclusions regarding the recent drone sightings. > > So, I highly recommend reading the BBC article for those who are interested > in the drone matter. I personally don't think it has much direct relevance -- > at least not yet -- to the discussion of the capabilities and dangers of AI. > > Best, > > Gary R > > > On Tue, Dec 31, 2024 at 6:31 AM Ben Udell <[email protected] > <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: >> To the list: Sudden tech wake-up call, a.k.a. Sputnik moment, with AI. Some >> have said that the unidentified aerial drones recently flying over New >> Jersey, California, and elsewhere give off no detected signals yet maneuver >> quite well and responsively to aircraft trying to chase them. I mentioned >> those things to an ex-military person whom I know, and who shouted >> "artificial intelligence!" Some have said that the drones come from a >> "mother ship" - i.e., a larger aircraft. Like the earlier balloons from the >> PRC, the drones have obvious data-collection potential. At night the drones >> have reportedly flown with their lights on, which some have taken to >> indicate a psychological operation ("psy-op") but lately I've had the >> possibly dumb-bunny idea that the lights need to be shining in order to >> minimize the chance of the drones' crashing into one another at night, what >> with their (seeming) autonomy and lack of two-way communication. Of course >> drone lights would still achieve a >> psy-op, scaring people. When Iran launched hundreds of drones at Israel >> some months ago, the night-time drones were reportedly flying with their >> lights on, as if the attack were some sort of kabuki, less force than show, >> what with their lights making it much easier to target them. Anyway, one >> might abduce that the unidentified drones over the western USA have been >> from the PRC (or possibly Russia), and those over the eastern USA (NJ in >> particular) have been from Iran with the PRC's help (or from Russia or with >> Russia's help), and that the USA is currently behind in AI drone technology. >> I hope that our OODA loop won't get overwhelmed with Sputnik moments. I've >> never seen things change so fast - AI rapidly reading and digesting >> 1000-page Congressional bills (well, actually, that's a good Sputnik moment, >> I'm worried about the bad ones). - Best, Ben >> >> On 12/31/2024 1:51 AM, Gary Richmond wrote: >> > Jerry, List, >> > >> > I think you are quite correct in issuing a note of caution in regard to A. >> > I. as it involves the chemical sciences, Jerry. Indeed, I am more and more >> > convinced that, along with the considerable potential (and current actual) >> > advances and advantages of A.I., that there are already clear dangers, and >> > not only for chemistry but, indeed, in several fields. >> > >> > And, as has been the case with many advances in web technologies, the >> > dangers aren't only intrinsic to the technologies themselves, but as we've >> > seen in the expansion of web based social media, for example, there are >> > clear perils in the employment of these technologies. >> > >> > In consideration of the implicit dangers of A.I., consider, for example, >> > this article in the* Washington Pos*t today. >> > >> > Israel built an ‘AI factory’ for war. It unleashed it in Gaza. >> > >> > Years before the Gaza war, Israel transformed its intelligence unit into an >> > AI testing ground, triggering a debate among top commanders about whether >> > humans were sufficiently in the loop. >> > >> > >> > Here's the top of the article: >> > >> > After the brutal Oct. 7, 2023, attack by Hamas, the Israel Defense Forces >> > deluged Gaza with bombs, drawing on a database painstakingly compiled >> > through the years that detailed home addresses, tunnels and other >> > infrastructure critical to the militant group. >> > >> > >> > But then the target bank ran low. To maintain the war’s breakneck pace, the >> > IDF turned to an elaborate artificial intelligence tool called Habsora — or >> > “the Gospel” — which could quickly generate hundreds of additional targets. >> > >> > >> > The use of AI to rapidly refill IDF’s target bank allowed the military to >> > continue its campaign uninterrupted, according to two people familiar with >> > the operation. *It is an example of how the decade-long program to place >> > advanced AI tools at the center of IDF’s intelligence operations has >> > contributed to the violence of Israel’s 14-month war in Gaza *(emphasis >> > added). >> > >> > >> > >> > Of course I have no way of knowing to what extent this report is accurate, >> > but my point is that A.I. apparently *already *has all the potential of >> > accelerating the pace and brutality of war. >> > >> > A.I. technologies are themselves being critically looked at in terms of >> > their potential to pose threats to humanity. For example, the so-called >> > "God father of A.I.," Geoffrey Hinton, has been warning of the potential >> > dangers of AI since he quite recently left Google in order to do just that: >> > warn of the threat that A. I. poses and whatever its advantages. He argues >> > that advanced A.I. systems could even come to pose an existential threat to >> > humanity if not carefully regulated, and he has posited scenarios in which >> > A.I. could spread disinformation on a huge scale, perhaps even take control >> > of systems in ways and extents that could prove disastrous. >> > >> > But bringing this back to Peirce, one might ask: How does any of this >> > connect to pragmatism? I'd suggest that Hinton's call for careful >> > regulation is in line with the Peircean principle of fallibilism, that >> > Hinton can be seen as advocating the continuous reassessment of beliefs and >> > systems based on new evidence brought about by rigorous research. And by >> > urging society to anticipate and mitigate the potential dangers of A.I. he >> > is advocating a kind of inquiry consistent with pragmatism whereas the >> > evolving understanding of the effects of A.I. ought to guide its >> > development and employment. >> > >> > Whether -- and if so, to what extent -- that will happen is open to >> > question. >> > >> > Best, >> > >> > Gary R >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > On Mon, Dec 30, 2024 at 4:35 PM Jerry LR Chandler < >> > [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote: >> > >> >> List, Gary: >> >> >> >> A note of caution is due with respect to AI and the chemical sciences, if >> >> I may offer a few reasonable conjectures. >> >> >> >> The logic of modern chemical graph theory is rather remote from CSP’s >> >> notions of Graphs. More specifically, the identity of all molecules is >> >> specified by a mathematically precise object that connects all the parts >> >> of >> >> the whole into an exact spatial pattern. >> >> >> >> If the sentence describing a semio-chemical object contains a large number >> >> of predicates, then simple permutations of the sequences in the predicate >> >> generate new “molecules”. Of course, these are only potentially existent >> >> objects, flights of the imagination of a "scientific artist / armchair >> >> chemical.” The real work requires going into the laboratory and producing >> >> tangible objects. >> >> Nevertheless, it is already clear that AI will continue to make major >> >> contributions to design phase of chemical graphics. And, presumably, this >> >> will evolve into automated laboratory synthetic methods. >> >> >> >> One easy prediction is that within a a decade or two, drug-producing >> >> machines will be commercially available. Affordable, DIY versions of >> >> narcotics are on our long-range horizon! “Meth-labs” could move into the >> >> middle/upper classes? >> >> >> >> Looking more broadly, hallucinations in many areas of application, posse >> >> all ranges of risks… how does the individual citizen sort out the >> >> reasonableness / riskiness of a response to an innocent query? >> >> >> >> And, who will be held labile in our courts of law? >> >> >> >> Cheers >> >> >> >> Jerry >> >> >> >> >> >> On Dec 30, 2024, at 1:44 PM, Gary Richmond <[email protected] >> >> <mailto:[email protected]>> >> >> wrote: >> >> >> >> Frederik, List, >> >> >> >> Lately I've been reading articles, both scientific and popularm about >> >> A.I.,, which appear in my inbox nearly daily. A couple of days ago a long >> >> article by William Broad appeared in the New York Times which discussed >> >> A.I. 'hallucinations' in a way that helped clarify the meaning of that >> >> term, its value in certain areas of research, and why some researchers >> >> find >> >> the term itself problematic. I thought a few brief excerpts from it might >> >> prove helpful in the current discussion. >> >> >> >> Best, >> >> >> >> Gary R >> >> >> >> Excerpts from "How Hallucinatory A.I. Helps Science Dream Up Big >> >> Breakthroughs" >> >> by William J. Broad >> >> >> >> >> >> https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/23/science/ai-hallucinations-science.html?campaign_id=2&emc=edit_th_20241224&instance_id=143081&nl=today%27s-headlines®i_id=68716072&segment_id=186526&user_id=b1422b225dd9c2c469ac06c116c9fb08 >> >> >> >> A.I. hallucinations are reinvigorating the creative side of science. They >> >> speed the process by which scientists and inventors dream up new ideas and >> >> test them to see if reality concurs. It’s the scientific method — only >> >> supercharged. What once took years can now be done in days, hours and >> >> minutes. In some cases, the accelerated cycles of inquiry help scientists >> >> open new frontiers. >> >> >> >> “We’re exploring,” said James J. Collins, an M.I.T. professor who recently >> >> praised hallucinations for speeding his research into novel antibiotics. >> >> “We’re asking the models to come up with completely new molecules.” >> >> >> >> The A.I. hallucinations arise when scientists teach generative computer >> >> models about a particular subject and then let the machines rework that >> >> information. The results can range from subtle and wrongheaded to surreal. >> >> At times, they lead to major discoveries. >> >> >> >> In October, David Baker of the University of Washington shared the Nobel >> >> Prize in Chemistry for his pioneering research on proteins — the knotty >> >> molecules that empower life. The Nobel committee praised him for >> >> discovering how to rapidly build completely new kinds of proteins not >> >> found >> >> in nature, calling his feat “almost impossible.” >> >> >> >> In an interview before the prize announcement, Dr. Baker cited bursts of >> >> A.I. imaginings as central to “making proteins from scratch.” The new >> >> technology, he added, has helped his lab obtain roughly 100 patents, many >> >> for medical care. One is for a new way to treat cancer. Another seeks to >> >> aid the global war on viral infections. Dr. Baker has also founded or >> >> helped start more than 20 biotech companies. >> >> >> >> “Things are moving fast,” he said. “Even scientists who do proteins for a >> >> living don’t know how far things have come.” How many proteins has his lab >> >> designed? “Ten million — all brand-new,” he replied. “They don’t occur in >> >> nature.” >> >> >> >> The word [hallucinations] also gets frowned on because it can evoke the >> >> bad old days of hallucinations from LSD and other psychedelic drugs, which >> >> scared off reputable scientists for decades. A final downside is that >> >> scientific and medical communications generated by A.I. can, like chatbot >> >> replies, get clouded by false information. >> >> ***** >> >> >> >> Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have also embraced the >> >> term. “Learning from Hallucination,” read the title of their paper on >> >> improving robot navigation. >> >> >> >> And the head of the science division at DeepMind, a Google company in >> >> London that develops A.I. applications, praised hallucinations as >> >> promoting >> >> discovery, doing so shortly after two of his colleagues shared this year’s >> >> Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Dr. Baker. >> >> >> >> “We have this amazing tool which can exhibit creativity,” the DeepMind >> >> official, Pushmeet Kohli, said in an interview. >> >> >> >> Despite the allure of A.I. hallucinations for discovery, some scientists >> >> find the word itself misleading. They see the imaginings of generative >> >> A.I. >> >> models not as illusory but prospective — as having some chance of coming >> >> true, not unlike the conjectures made in the early stages of the >> >> scientific >> >> method. They see the term hallucination as inaccurate, and thus avoid >> >> using >> >> it. >> >> ReplyForward >> >> Add reaction >> >> >> >> >> >> On Wed, Dec 18, 2024 at 5:12 AM Tuezuen Alican >> >> <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> >> >> wrote: >> >> >> >>> Dear Frederik, >> >>> >> >>> I was also confused earlier. However, it looks like it's working. >> >>> >> >>> Best, >> >>> Alican >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> *From:* Frederik Stjernfelt <[email protected] >> >>> <mailto:[email protected]>> >> >>> *Sent:* Wednesday, 18 December 2024 11:11 >> >>> *To:* Tuezuen Alican <[email protected] >> >>> <mailto:[email protected]>>; Mike Bergman < >> >>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>; Gary Richmond >> >>> <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>; Peirce-L < >> >>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> >> >>> *Subject:* Re: [PEIRCE-L] AI and abduction >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> You don't often get email from [email protected] >> >>> <mailto:[email protected]>. Learn why this is >> >>> important <https://aka.ms/LearnAboutSenderIdentification> >> >>> >> >>> Dear Gary R – >> >>> >> >>> Did you receive my below message? I was informed that deliverance to >> >>> peirce-l was belated and my posting was returned by >> >>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> >> >>> >> >>> Best >> >>> >> >>> F >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> Dear Mike, Gary, Tuezuen, list – >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> This is a great idea. This would also explain why LLMs “hallucinate” so >> >>> much as they do, as abduction is neither necessary (like deduction) nor >> >>> probable (like induction). Peirce, of course, stresses that abduction is >> >>> indeed the source of new ideas but that it offers no assurance of their >> >>> truth which has to be established by ensuing investigation using de- and >> >>> inductions. >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> I have only experimented with the free versions of ChatGPT and they are, >> >>> indeed, highly error-prone. >> >>> >> >>> I tend to prefer the program Perplexity which is connected to a search >> >>> engine which it utilizes to provide references to where it scraped its >> >>> information. >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> Best >> >>> >> >>> Frederik >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> Frederik Stjernfelt: *Sheets, Diagrams, and Realism in Peirce* – De >> >>> Gruyter 2022 >> >>> >> >>> - “Peirce as a Philosopher of AI”, in Olteanu >> >>> et al.: *Philosophy of AI*, forthcoming >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> *Fra: *<[email protected] >> >>> <mailto:[email protected]>> på vegne af Tuezuen Alican < >> >>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> >> >>> *Svar til: *Tuezuen Alican <[email protected] >> >>> <mailto:[email protected]>> >> >>> *Dato: *onsdag den 18. december 2024 kl. 08.43 >> >>> *Til: *Mike Bergman <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>, >> >>> Gary Richmond < >> >>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>, Peirce-L >> >>> <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> >> >>> *Emne: *RE: [PEIRCE-L] AI and abduction >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> Dear Mike and Gary, >> >>> >> >>> If I’m not mistaken, John Sowa already utilizes LLMs this way. He argues >> >>> that LLMs are great for abductive conclusions, and later, with an >> >>> Ontology, >> >>> he checks whether that “hypothesis” is true or not. At least, that’s my >> >>> interpretation of his work. >> >>> >> >>> @Mike Bergman <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>, sorry >> >>> for the duplication; I pressed >> >>> reply instead of replying to everyone. >> >>> >> >>> Best Regards, >> >>> >> >>> *Dipl.-Ing. Alican Tüzün, BSc* >> >>> >> >>> PhD Candidate >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> *University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria* >> >>> >> >>> *Josef Ressel Centre for Data-Driven Business Model Innovation* >> >>> >> >>> Wehrgrabengasse 1-3 >> >>> >> >>> 4400 Steyr/Austria >> >>> >> >>> LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/t%C3%BCz%C3%BCnalican/ >> >>> >> >>> Phone: +43 5 0804 33813 >> >>> >> >>> Mobil: +43 681 20775431 >> >>> >> >>> E-Mail: [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> >> >>> >> >>> Web: www.fh-ooe.at <http://www.fh-ooe.at/> <http://www.fh-ooe.at/imm> >> >>> >> >>> Web: https://coe-sp.fh-ooe.at/ >> >>> >> >>> [image: image001.png] >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> *From:* [email protected] >> >>> <mailto:[email protected]> >> >>> <[email protected] >> >>> <mailto:[email protected]>> >> >>> *On Behalf Of *Mike Bergman >> >>> *Sent:* Wednesday, 18 December 2024 02:52 >> >>> *To:* Gary Richmond <[email protected] >> >>> <mailto:[email protected]>>; Peirce-L < >> >>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> >> >>> *Subject:* Re: [PEIRCE-L] AI and abduction >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> You don't often get email from [email protected] >> >>> <mailto:[email protected]>. Learn why this is >> >>> important <https://aka.ms/LearnAboutSenderIdentification> >> >>> >> >>> Hi Gary, >> >>> >> >>> This is a topic near and dear to me, and one I am very actively >> >>> investigating (and using) personally (mostly with ChatGPT 4-o1, but also >> >>> the latest version of Grok). My first observation, granted based on my >> >>> sample of one, is that abductive reasoning in a Peircean sense is lacking >> >>> with current LLMs (large language models), as is true for all general ML >> >>> or >> >>> AI approaches. Machine learning and deep learning have been mostly an >> >>> inductive process IMO. A major gap I have seen for quite some time has >> >>> been >> >>> the lack of abductive reasoning in most ML and AI activities of recent >> >>> vintage. >> >>> >> >>> This assertion is most evident in the lack of "new" hypothesis generation >> >>> by these systems, the critical discriminator that you correctly point out >> >>> from Peirce. One can prompt these new chat AIs with new hypotheses, and >> >>> in >> >>> that form, they are very helpful and useful. It is for these reasons >> >>> that I >> >>> tend to treat current chat AIs as dedicated research assistants: able to >> >>> provide very useful background legwork, including some answers that >> >>> stimulate further questions and thoughts, often in a rapid fire >> >>> give-and-take manner, but ones that are not creative in and of themselves >> >>> aside from making some non-evident connections. >> >>> >> >>> I believe that better matching of current chat AIs with Peirce's thinking >> >>> (esp abductive reasoning as he defined) is a particularly rich vein for >> >>> next generation stuff. Lastly, my own personal view is that the current >> >>> state of the art is not "dangerous", but we are also seeing very rapid >> >>> increases of what Ilya Sutskever >> >>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Sutskever> calls >> >>> "superintelligence", the speed of which is pretty breathtaking. We may be >> >>> close to tapping out on this current phase with most Internet content >> >>> already captured for training, but like with LLMs, there are certainly >> >>> new >> >>> innovations not yet foreseen that may continue to maintain this Moore's >> >>> law <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law>-like pace of >> >>> improvements. >> >>> >> >>> Best, Mike >> >>> >> >>> On 12/17/2024 6:00 PM, Gary Richmond wrote: >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> List, >> >>> >> >>> In a brief article, "How Does A.I. Think? Here’s One Theory" in the New >> >>> York Times today, Peter Coy, after noting that "Computer scientists are >> >>> continually surprised by the creativity displayed by new generations of >> >>> A.I.," comments on one hypothesis that might help explain that >> >>> 'creativity', namely, that AI is using abduction in its machine >> >>> reasoning. >> >>> He writes: >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> One hypothesis for how large language models such as o1 think is that >> >>> they use what logicians call abduction, or abductive reasoning. Deduction >> >>> is reasoning from general laws to specific conclusions. Induction is the >> >>> opposite, reasoning from the specific to the general. >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> Abduction isn’t as well known, but it’s common in daily life, not to >> >>> mention possibly inside A.I. It’s inferring the most likely explanation >> >>> for >> >>> a given observation. Unlike deduction, which is a straightforward >> >>> procedure, and induction, which can be purely statistical, abduction >> >>> requires creativity. >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> The planet Neptune was discovered through abductive reasoning, when two >> >>> astronomers independently hypothesized that its existence was the most >> >>> likely explanation for perturbations in the orbit of its inner neighbor, >> >>> Uranus. Abduction is also the thought process jurors often use when they >> >>> decide if a defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> Yet Peirce argues in the 1903 Lectures on Pragmatism that only abduction >> >>> "introduces any new idea" into a scientific inquiry: >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> " Abduction is the process of forming an explanatory hypothesis. It is >> >>> the only logical operation which introduces any new idea; for induction >> >>> does nothing but determine a value, and deduction merely evolves the >> >>> necessary consequences of a pure hypothesis." >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> I had always thought of abduction as the unique domain of the individual >> >>> scientist, the creative genius (say, Newton or Einstein) who, fully >> >>> versed >> >>> in the most important relevant findings in his field, retroductively >> >>> connects those pieces of scientific information to posit a testable >> >>> hypothesis concerning an unresolved question in science. >> >>> >> >>> But it makes sense that an AI program employing large data bases might >> >>> indeed be able to 'scan' those huge, multitudinous bases, connect the >> >>> salient information, and posit an hypothesis (or some other abductive >> >>> idea). >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> Any thoughts on this? For example: Is it potentially a valuable feature >> >>> and power of AI and, thus, for us (the use of AI in medical research >> >>> would >> >>> tend to support this view)? Is it a potential danger to us (some AI >> >>> programs have been seen to lie, to 'hide' some findings, etc.; might this >> >>> get out of control)? If AI can create testable hypotheses, is the role of >> >>> the 'creative' scientist jeopardized? >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> Best,' >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> Gary R >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ >> >>> >> >>> ARISBE: THE PEIRCE GATEWAY is now at >> >>> >> >>> https://cspeirce.com <https://cspeirce.com/> and, just as well, at >> >>> >> >>> https://www.cspeirce.com <https://www.cspeirce.com/> . It'll take a >> >>> while to repair / update all the links! >> >>> >> >>> ► PEIRCE-L subscribers: Click on "Reply List" or "Reply All" to REPLY ON >> >>> PEIRCE-L to this message. PEIRCE-L posts should go to >> >>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> . >> >>> >> >>> ► To UNSUBSCRIBE, send a message NOT to PEIRCE-L but to >> >>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> with UNSUBSCRIBE >> >>> PEIRCE-L in the SUBJECT LINE of the message and nothing in the body. >> >>> More at https://list.iupui.edu/sympa/help/user-signoff.html . >> >>> >> >>> ► PEIRCE-L is owned by THE PEIRCE GROUP; moderated by Gary Richmond; >> >>> and co-managed by him and Ben Udell. >> >>> >> >>> -- >> >>> >> >>> __________________________________________ >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> >> >>> Michael K. Bergman >> >>> >> >>> 319.621.5225 >> >>> >> >>> http://mkbergman.com <http://mkbergman.com/> >> >>> >> >>> http://www.linkedin.com/in/mkbergman >> >>> >> >>> __________________________________________ >> >>> >> >>> _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ >> >> ARISBE: THE PEIRCE GATEWAY is now at >> >> https://cspeirce.com <https://cspeirce.com/> and, just as well, at >> >> https://www.cspeirce.com <https://www.cspeirce.com/> . It'll take a >> >> while to repair / update all the >> >> links! >> >> ► PEIRCE-L subscribers: Click on "Reply List" or "Reply All" to REPLY ON >> >> PEIRCE-L to this message. PEIRCE-L posts should go to >> >> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> . >> >> ► To UNSUBSCRIBE, send a message NOT to PEIRCE-L but to >> >> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> with UNSUBSCRIBE >> >> PEIRCE-L in the SUBJECT LINE of the >> >> message and nothing in the body. More at >> >> https://list.iupui.edu/sympa/help/user-signoff.html . >> >> ► PEIRCE-L is owned by THE PEIRCE GROUP; moderated by Gary Richmond; and >> >> co-managed by him and Ben Udell. >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >> > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ >> > ARISBE: THE PEIRCE GATEWAY is now at >> > https://cspeirce.com <https://cspeirce.com/> and, just as well, at >> > https://www.cspeirce.com <https://www.cspeirce.com/> . It'll take a while >> > to repair / update all the links! >> > ► PEIRCE-L subscribers: Click on "Reply List" or "Reply All" to REPLY ON >> > PEIRCE-L to this message. PEIRCE-L posts should go to >> > [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> . >> > ► To UNSUBSCRIBE, send a message NOT to PEIRCE-L but to >> > [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> with UNSUBSCRIBE PEIRCE-L >> > in the SUBJECT LINE of the message and nothing in the body. More at >> > https://list.iupui.edu/sympa/help/user-signoff.html . >> > ► PEIRCE-L is owned by THE PEIRCE GROUP; moderated by Gary Richmond; and >> > co-managed by him and Ben Udell. >> _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ >> ARISBE: THE PEIRCE GATEWAY is now at >> https://cspeirce.com <https://cspeirce.com/> and, just as well, at >> https://www.cspeirce.com <https://www.cspeirce.com/> . It'll take a while >> to repair / update all the links! >> ► PEIRCE-L subscribers: Click on "Reply List" or "Reply All" to REPLY ON >> PEIRCE-L to this message. PEIRCE-L posts should go to >> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> . >> ► To UNSUBSCRIBE, send a message NOT to PEIRCE-L but to [email protected] >> <mailto:[email protected]> with UNSUBSCRIBE PEIRCE-L in the SUBJECT LINE >> of the message and nothing in the body. More at >> https://list.iupui.edu/sympa/help/user-signoff.html . >> ► PEIRCE-L is owned by THE PEIRCE GROUP; moderated by Gary Richmond; and >> co-managed by him and Ben Udell. > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > ARISBE: THE PEIRCE GATEWAY is now at > https://cspeirce.com and, just as well, at > https://www.cspeirce.com . It'll take a while to repair / update all the > links! > ► PEIRCE-L subscribers: Click on "Reply List" or "Reply All" to REPLY ON > PEIRCE-L to this message. PEIRCE-L posts should go to [email protected] > . > ► To UNSUBSCRIBE, send a message NOT to PEIRCE-L but to [email protected] > with UNSUBSCRIBE PEIRCE-L in the SUBJECT LINE of the message and nothing in > the body. More at https://list.iupui.edu/sympa/help/user-signoff.html . > ► PEIRCE-L is owned by THE PEIRCE GROUP; moderated by Gary Richmond; and > co-managed by him and Ben Udell.
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