At 08:53 AM 10/24/1999 -0400, you wrote: >Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: >Introduction" (1844): >'Religious suffering is at once the *expression* of real suffering and the >*protest* against real suffering. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed >creature, the heart of a heartless world, just as it is the spirit of >spiritless conditions. It is the *opium of the people*.' > >_Capital, vol. 1 (1867) >The religious reflex of the real world can...only...finally vanish, when >the practical relations of everyday life offer to man but perfectly >intelligible and reasonable relations with regard to his fellowmen and >to Nature.' > >"Critique of the Gotha Programme" (1875): >'Everyone should be able to attend to his religious as well as his bodily >needs without the police sticking their noses in. But the workers' party >ought at any rate in this connection to have expressed its awareness of >the fact that bourgeois "freedom of conscience" is nothing but the >toleration of all possible kinds of *religious freedom of conscience*, >and that for its part it endeavours rather to liberate the conscience >from the witchery of religion.' Michael Hoover so who was it who first said that religion was the opiate of the people? Jim Devine [EMAIL PROTECTED] & http://clawww.lmu.edu/Faculty/JDevine/JDevine.html