*       From: Jim Devine <[EMAIL PROTECTED] <mailto:jdevine03


Let's turn the question around. Charles, are you saying that Western
Europeans have a greater tendency to be violent than other ethnic
groups? is this based in genetics? in the Western European
interpretation of Christianity? or what?


^^^^^
CB: Cultural and historically caused. Genes don't operate at this level. The
concept of race is a Western , false biological category, wholly developed
by these very "Westerners" as a big lie in conquering non-Westerneres.In the
epoch of capitalism, the last 500 years, Westerners, as they call
themselves, have had the highest tendency to use violence in their dealings
with non-Westerners, especially those non-Westerners they colonialized and
enslaved. This is relative. Relative  especially to the peoples they
conquered or "won", they had a  higher use of violence.

As far as the historical roots, actually, I think this aspect of capitalism,
colonialism and slavery, is a throwback, a "revival" of those aspects of
Greece and Rome, also, the self-declared historical origin of the "West" or
"Western Civilization". It is not I who invented the concepts of "The West"
or "Western Civilization". That is a self-determining decision by the giants
of Western Civilization. The Middles Ages in Europe may have been "dark" ,
but they had thrown off slavery and colonialism. That was a step forward.
Then capitalism comes along and takes one step forward with free labor, and
two steps backward with slavery and colonialism. So, I'm thinking the
slavery and colonial aspect where the capitalist violence was concentrated (
don't forget wage-labor is disciplined with the least direct violence as
compared with serfs and slaves)was not rooted in Christian ideology and
culture, but more in the conscious links to the classical Western
civilizations. Capitalism has more of a Pagan than Christian ideology.

Anyway , these are all historical and cultural causes.

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