Small language fixes in comments and user-facing docs.

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
index 88efb38556..39596db193 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
@@ -26162,7 +26162,7 @@ SELECT 
convert_from(pg_read_binary_file('file_in_utf8.txt'), 'UTF8');
 
    <para>
     The functions shown in <xref linkend="functions-data-sanity-table"/>
-    provide means to check for health of data file in a cluster.
+    provide a means to check for health of a data file in a cluster.
    </para>
 
    <table id="functions-data-sanity-table">
@@ -26179,8 +26179,8 @@ SELECT 
convert_from(pg_read_binary_file('file_in_utf8.txt'), 'UTF8');
         <literal><function>pg_check_relation(<parameter>relation</parameter> 
<type>regclass</type> [, <parameter>fork</parameter> 
<type>text</type>])</function></literal>
        </entry>
        <entry><type>setof record</type></entry>
-       <entry>Validate the checksums for all blocks of all or the given fork of
-       a given relation.</entry>
+       <entry>Validate the checksum for all blocks of a relation.
+       </entry>
       </row>
      </tbody>
     </tgroup>
@@ -26190,15 +26190,15 @@ SELECT 
convert_from(pg_read_binary_file('file_in_utf8.txt'), 'UTF8');
     <primary>pg_check_relation</primary>
    </indexterm>
    <para id="functions-check-relation-note" xreflabel="pg_check_relation">
-    <function>pg_check_relation</function> iterates over all the blocks of a
-    given relation and verify their checksum.  If provided,
-    <replaceable>fork</replaceable> should be <literal>'main'</literal> for the
+    <function>pg_check_relation</function> iterates over all blocks of a
+    given relation and verifies their checksums.  If passed,
+    <replaceable>fork</replaceable> specifies that only checksums of the given
+    fork are to be verified.  Fork should be <literal>'main'</literal> for the
     main data fork, <literal>'fsm'</literal> for the free space map,
     <literal>'vm'</literal> for the visibility map, or
-    <literal>'init'</literal> for the initialization fork, and only this
-    specific fork will be verifies, otherwise all forks will.  The function
-    returns the list of blocks for which the found checksum doesn't match the
-    expected one.  See <xref
+    <literal>'init'</literal> for the initialization fork.
+    The function returns a list of blocks for which the computed and stored
+    checksums don't match.  See <xref
     linkend="runtime-config-resource-checksum-verification-cost"/> for
     information on how to configure cost-based verification delay.  You must be
     a member of the <literal>pg_read_all_stats</literal> role to use this
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/page/checksum.c 
b/src/backend/storage/page/checksum.c
index eb2c919c34..17cd95ec95 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/page/checksum.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/page/checksum.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
  * actual storage, you have to discard the operating system cache before
  * running those functions.
  *
- * To avoid torn page and possible false positive when reading data, and
+ * To avoid torn pages and possible false positives when reading data, and to
  * keeping overhead as low as possible, the following heuristics are used:
  *
  * - a shared LWLock is taken on the target buffer pool partition mapping, and
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ check_one_block(Relation relation, ForkNumber forknum, 
BlockNumber blkno,
        *chk_expected = *chk_found = NoComputedChecksum;
 
        /*
-        * To avoid too much overhead, the buffer will be first read without
-        * the locks that would guarantee the lack of false positive, as such
+        * To avoid excessive overhead, the buffer will be first read without
+        * the locks that would prevent false positives, as such
         * events should be quite rare.
         */
 Retry:
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ Retry:
 }
 
 /*
- * Perform a checksum check on the passed page.  Returns whether the page is
+ * Perform a checksum check on the passed page.  Return True iff the page is
  * valid or not, and assign the expected and found checksum in chk_expected and
  * chk_found, respectively.  Note that a page can look like new but could be
- * the result of a corruption.  We still check for this case, but we can't
+ * the result of corruption.  We still check for this case, but we can't
  * compute its checksum as pg_checksum_page() is explicitly checking for
  * non-new pages, so NoComputedChecksum will be set in chk_found.
  */
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ check_buffer(char *buffer, uint32 blkno, uint16 
*chk_expected,
        if (PageIsNew(page))
        {
                /*
-                * Check if the page is really new or if there's a corruption 
that
+                * Check if the page is really new or if there's corruption that
                 * affected PageIsNew detection.  Note that PageIsVerified 
won't try to
                 * detect checksum corruption in this case, so there's no risk 
of
                 * duplicated corruption report.
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ check_buffer(char *buffer, uint32 blkno, uint16 
*chk_expected,
                }
 
                /*
-                * There's a corruption, but since this affect PageIsNew, we
+                * There's corruption, but since this affects PageIsNew, we
                 * can't compute a checksum, so set NoComputedChecksum for the
                 * expected checksum.
                 */
@@ -218,8 +218,8 @@ check_delay_point(void)
  * held.  Reading with this lock is to avoid the unlikely but possible case
  * that a buffer wasn't present in shared buffers when we checked but it then
  * alloc'ed in shared_buffers, modified and flushed concurrently when we
- * later try to read it, leading to false positive due to torn page.  Caller
- * can read first the buffer without holding the target buffer mapping
+ * later try to read it, leading to false positives due to a torn page.  Caller
+ * can first read the buffer without holding the target buffer mapping
  * partition LWLock to have an optimistic approach, and reread the buffer
  * from disk in case of error.
  *
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ check_get_buffer(Relation relation, ForkNumber forknum,
                        checkit = false;
 
                /*
-                * Read the buffer from disk, taking on IO lock to prevent 
torn-page
+                * Read the buffer from disk, taking an IO lock to prevent 
torn-page
                 * reads, in the unlikely event that it was concurrently 
dirtied and
                 * flushed.
                 */
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ check_get_buffer(Relation relation, ForkNumber forknum,
        /*
         * Didn't find it in the buffer pool and didn't read it while holding 
the
         * buffer mapping partition lock.  We'll have to try to read it from
-        * disk, after releasing the target partition lock to avoid too much
+        * disk, after releasing the target partition lock to avoid excessive
         * overhead.  It means that it's possible to get a torn page later, so
         * we'll have to retry with a suitable lock in case of error to avoid
         * false positive.
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/checksumfuncs.c 
b/src/backend/utils/adt/checksumfuncs.c
index d005b8d01f..fa5823677a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/checksumfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/checksumfuncs.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
  * checksumfuncs.c
- *       Functions for checksums related feature such as online verification
+ *       Functions for checksum related feature such as online verification
  *
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2020, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ check_relation_fork(TupleDesc tupdesc, Tuplestorestate 
*tupstore,
                if (check_one_block(relation, forknum, blkno, &chk_expected,
                                                        &chk_found))
                {
-                       /* Buffer not corrupted or no worth checking, continue 
*/
+                       /* Buffer not corrupted or not worth checking, continue 
*/
                        continue;
                }
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ check_relation_fork(TupleDesc tupdesc, Tuplestorestate 
*tupstore,
                values[i++] = Int32GetDatum(forknum);
                values[i++] = UInt32GetDatum(blkno);
                /*
-                * This can happen if a corruption makes the block appears as
+                * This can happen if corruption makes the block appears as
                 * PageIsNew() but isn't a new page.
                 */
                if (chk_expected == NoComputedChecksum)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
index 5a51dccca9..57401580c3 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
@@ -2383,7 +2383,7 @@ static struct config_int ConfigureNamesInt[] =
 
        {
                {"checksum_cost_page", PGC_USERSET, RESOURCES_CHECKSUM_DELAY,
-                       gettext_noop("Checksum cost for verifying a page 
found."),
+                       gettext_noop("Checksum cost for verifying a page."),
                        NULL
                },
                &ChecksumCostPage,
diff --git a/src/test/check_relation/t/01_checksums_check.pl 
b/src/test/check_relation/t/01_checksums_check.pl
index 1ad34adcb9..2a3f2880ea 100644
--- a/src/test/check_relation/t/01_checksums_check.pl
+++ b/src/test/check_relation/t/01_checksums_check.pl
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ $ENV{PGOPTIONS} = '--client-min-messages=WARNING';
 my ($cmdret, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', "SELECT"
        . " current_setting('data_checksums')");
 
-is($stdout, 'on', 'Data checksums shoud be enabled');
+is($stdout, 'on', 'Data checksums should be enabled');
 
 ($cmdret, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', "SELECT"
        . " current_setting('block_size')");
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ is(check_checksums_call($node, 'u_t1_id_idx'), '1', 'Can 
check an unlogged index
        . " current_setting('data_directory') || '/' || 
pg_relation_filepath('t1')"
 );
 
-isnt($stdout, '', 'A relfinode should be returned');
+isnt($stdout, '', 'A relfilenode should be returned');
 
 my $filename = $stdout;
 
-- 
2.17.0

>From 7b9e61d640b5137dbcd0221dae0c293b705989ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Justin Pryzby <pryz...@telsasoft.com>
Date: Sun, 12 Jul 2020 12:25:34 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] fixes for online checksum verification

---
 doc/src/sgml/func.sgml                        | 20 ++++++++---------
 src/backend/storage/page/checksum.c           | 22 +++++++++----------
 src/backend/utils/adt/checksumfuncs.c         |  6 ++---
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c                  |  2 +-
 .../check_relation/t/01_checksums_check.pl    |  4 ++--
 5 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
index 88efb38556..39596db193 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
@@ -26162,7 +26162,7 @@ SELECT convert_from(pg_read_binary_file('file_in_utf8.txt'), 'UTF8');
 
    <para>
     The functions shown in <xref linkend="functions-data-sanity-table"/>
-    provide means to check for health of data file in a cluster.
+    provide a means to check for health of a data file in a cluster.
    </para>
 
    <table id="functions-data-sanity-table">
@@ -26179,8 +26179,8 @@ SELECT convert_from(pg_read_binary_file('file_in_utf8.txt'), 'UTF8');
         <literal><function>pg_check_relation(<parameter>relation</parameter> <type>regclass</type> [, <parameter>fork</parameter> <type>text</type>])</function></literal>
        </entry>
        <entry><type>setof record</type></entry>
-       <entry>Validate the checksums for all blocks of all or the given fork of
-       a given relation.</entry>
+       <entry>Validate the checksum for all blocks of a relation.
+       </entry>
       </row>
      </tbody>
     </tgroup>
@@ -26190,15 +26190,15 @@ SELECT convert_from(pg_read_binary_file('file_in_utf8.txt'), 'UTF8');
     <primary>pg_check_relation</primary>
    </indexterm>
    <para id="functions-check-relation-note" xreflabel="pg_check_relation">
-    <function>pg_check_relation</function> iterates over all the blocks of a
-    given relation and verify their checksum.  If provided,
-    <replaceable>fork</replaceable> should be <literal>'main'</literal> for the
+    <function>pg_check_relation</function> iterates over all blocks of a
+    given relation and verifies their checksums.  If passed,
+    <replaceable>fork</replaceable> specifies that only checksums of the given
+    fork are to be verified.  Fork should be <literal>'main'</literal> for the
     main data fork, <literal>'fsm'</literal> for the free space map,
     <literal>'vm'</literal> for the visibility map, or
-    <literal>'init'</literal> for the initialization fork, and only this
-    specific fork will be verifies, otherwise all forks will.  The function
-    returns the list of blocks for which the found checksum doesn't match the
-    expected one.  See <xref
+    <literal>'init'</literal> for the initialization fork.
+    The function returns a list of blocks for which the computed and stored
+    checksums don't match.  See <xref
     linkend="runtime-config-resource-checksum-verification-cost"/> for
     information on how to configure cost-based verification delay.  You must be
     a member of the <literal>pg_read_all_stats</literal> role to use this
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/page/checksum.c b/src/backend/storage/page/checksum.c
index eb2c919c34..17cd95ec95 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/page/checksum.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/page/checksum.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
  * actual storage, you have to discard the operating system cache before
  * running those functions.
  *
- * To avoid torn page and possible false positive when reading data, and
+ * To avoid torn pages and possible false positives when reading data, and to
  * keeping overhead as low as possible, the following heuristics are used:
  *
  * - a shared LWLock is taken on the target buffer pool partition mapping, and
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ check_one_block(Relation relation, ForkNumber forknum, BlockNumber blkno,
 	*chk_expected = *chk_found = NoComputedChecksum;
 
 	/*
-	 * To avoid too much overhead, the buffer will be first read without
-	 * the locks that would guarantee the lack of false positive, as such
+	 * To avoid excessive overhead, the buffer will be first read without
+	 * the locks that would prevent false positives, as such
 	 * events should be quite rare.
 	 */
 Retry:
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ Retry:
 }
 
 /*
- * Perform a checksum check on the passed page.  Returns whether the page is
+ * Perform a checksum check on the passed page.  Return True iff the page is
  * valid or not, and assign the expected and found checksum in chk_expected and
  * chk_found, respectively.  Note that a page can look like new but could be
- * the result of a corruption.  We still check for this case, but we can't
+ * the result of corruption.  We still check for this case, but we can't
  * compute its checksum as pg_checksum_page() is explicitly checking for
  * non-new pages, so NoComputedChecksum will be set in chk_found.
  */
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ check_buffer(char *buffer, uint32 blkno, uint16 *chk_expected,
 	if (PageIsNew(page))
 	{
 		/*
-		 * Check if the page is really new or if there's a corruption that
+		 * Check if the page is really new or if there's corruption that
 		 * affected PageIsNew detection.  Note that PageIsVerified won't try to
 		 * detect checksum corruption in this case, so there's no risk of
 		 * duplicated corruption report.
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ check_buffer(char *buffer, uint32 blkno, uint16 *chk_expected,
 		}
 
 		/*
-		 * There's a corruption, but since this affect PageIsNew, we
+		 * There's corruption, but since this affects PageIsNew, we
 		 * can't compute a checksum, so set NoComputedChecksum for the
 		 * expected checksum.
 		 */
@@ -218,8 +218,8 @@ check_delay_point(void)
  * held.  Reading with this lock is to avoid the unlikely but possible case
  * that a buffer wasn't present in shared buffers when we checked but it then
  * alloc'ed in shared_buffers, modified and flushed concurrently when we
- * later try to read it, leading to false positive due to torn page.  Caller
- * can read first the buffer without holding the target buffer mapping
+ * later try to read it, leading to false positives due to a torn page.  Caller
+ * can first read the buffer without holding the target buffer mapping
  * partition LWLock to have an optimistic approach, and reread the buffer
  * from disk in case of error.
  *
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ check_get_buffer(Relation relation, ForkNumber forknum,
 			checkit = false;
 
 		/*
-		 * Read the buffer from disk, taking on IO lock to prevent torn-page
+		 * Read the buffer from disk, taking an IO lock to prevent torn-page
 		 * reads, in the unlikely event that it was concurrently dirtied and
 		 * flushed.
 		 */
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ check_get_buffer(Relation relation, ForkNumber forknum,
 	/*
 	 * Didn't find it in the buffer pool and didn't read it while holding the
 	 * buffer mapping partition lock.  We'll have to try to read it from
-	 * disk, after releasing the target partition lock to avoid too much
+	 * disk, after releasing the target partition lock to avoid excessive
 	 * overhead.  It means that it's possible to get a torn page later, so
 	 * we'll have to retry with a suitable lock in case of error to avoid
 	 * false positive.
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/checksumfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/checksumfuncs.c
index d005b8d01f..fa5823677a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/checksumfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/checksumfuncs.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *
  * checksumfuncs.c
- *	  Functions for checksums related feature such as online verification
+ *	  Functions for checksum related feature such as online verification
  *
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2020, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ check_relation_fork(TupleDesc tupdesc, Tuplestorestate *tupstore,
 		if (check_one_block(relation, forknum, blkno, &chk_expected,
 							&chk_found))
 		{
-			/* Buffer not corrupted or no worth checking, continue */
+			/* Buffer not corrupted or not worth checking, continue */
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ check_relation_fork(TupleDesc tupdesc, Tuplestorestate *tupstore,
 		values[i++] = Int32GetDatum(forknum);
 		values[i++] = UInt32GetDatum(blkno);
 		/*
-		 * This can happen if a corruption makes the block appears as
+		 * This can happen if corruption makes the block appears as
 		 * PageIsNew() but isn't a new page.
 		 */
 		if (chk_expected == NoComputedChecksum)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
index 5a51dccca9..57401580c3 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
@@ -2383,7 +2383,7 @@ static struct config_int ConfigureNamesInt[] =
 
 	{
 		{"checksum_cost_page", PGC_USERSET, RESOURCES_CHECKSUM_DELAY,
-			gettext_noop("Checksum cost for verifying a page found."),
+			gettext_noop("Checksum cost for verifying a page."),
 			NULL
 		},
 		&ChecksumCostPage,
diff --git a/src/test/check_relation/t/01_checksums_check.pl b/src/test/check_relation/t/01_checksums_check.pl
index 1ad34adcb9..2a3f2880ea 100644
--- a/src/test/check_relation/t/01_checksums_check.pl
+++ b/src/test/check_relation/t/01_checksums_check.pl
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ $ENV{PGOPTIONS} = '--client-min-messages=WARNING';
 my ($cmdret, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', "SELECT"
 	. " current_setting('data_checksums')");
 
-is($stdout, 'on', 'Data checksums shoud be enabled');
+is($stdout, 'on', 'Data checksums should be enabled');
 
 ($cmdret, $stdout, $stderr) = $node->psql('postgres', "SELECT"
 	. " current_setting('block_size')");
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ is(check_checksums_call($node, 'u_t1_id_idx'), '1', 'Can check an unlogged index
 	. " current_setting('data_directory') || '/' || pg_relation_filepath('t1')"
 );
 
-isnt($stdout, '', 'A relfinode should be returned');
+isnt($stdout, '', 'A relfilenode should be returned');
 
 my $filename = $stdout;
 
-- 
2.17.0

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