Hi >From is not required if you use literals or function results (with literal > input parameters).
If you came from Oracle you could simply think that the "FROM DUAL" bit can be omitted in Postgresql. There may be small differences, but that is the basic idea. Bèrto -- ============================== If Pac-Man had affected us as kids, we'd all be running around in a darkened room munching pills and listening to repetitive music.
