> What does "stratum" exactly means?

A host's stratum is the number of layers between that host and an
accurate time source (atomic clock, GPS, etc).  (Possibly plus or minus
one depending on how you define the terms involved.)

My own pool host, for example, is stratum 3 at the moment; it is synced
to time.nrc.ca, at stratum 2, which (according to ntptrace) is synced
to some other NRC host at stratum 1; that host is connected to
something authoritative - in the case of the NRC, quite likely an
atomic clock.

Or, at least, it's supposed to be connected to something authoritative;
there's nothing actually preventing someone from setting up an
inaccurate host and having it claim to be stratum 1.  But it's not done
often, and in the NRC's case I have basically no doubt that it really
is what it's claiming to be.

> I've set about 10 servers to the NTP pool, 8 of them has "stratum 2",
> one has "stratum 3" and one became today "stratum 4".  Very strange,
> because that lasts server was "stratum 3".

Hosts change strata not infrequently.  A host's stratum is one higher
than that of the source it's synced to; if it changes sync source, it
may change stratum.  If, for example, time.nrc crashes or becomes
unreachable from my pool host, I'll resync to something else and (since
that's my only stratum-2 source) change stratum.  (My only stratum-2
source at the moment.  But I know my other sources of chime well enough
to know it's extremely unlikely that any of them will be of a stratum
less than 3 in the foreseeable future.)

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