Kalau pesawat lain bisa kenapa pilot Lion tidak bisa? Kalau mendaratnya tidak
enak, penumpang-penumpang menggerutu, lalu menghilang mas.
rahardjo mustadjab <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Kemarin pesawat Lion Air mengalami kecelakaan waktu
landing di Solo, karena tergelincir di landasan.
Waktu kejadian semacam ini sering terjadi pada tahun
1995-1996, saya menduga bahwa itu gara-gara soft
landing (pendaratan mulus) yang disukai penerbang dan
penumpang Indonesia. Saya check dengan Kolonel (P)
Tumiyo (sekarang sudah bintang dua), dan dia sangat
membenarkan.
Soft landing mengharuskan approach pada kecepatan
mendekati kecepatan kritis, dibawah kecepatan ini
tidak ada lift-off. Bahayanya, kalau ada turbulence
sedikit saja diatas permukaan tanah, maka pesawat akan
terbanting kebawah.
Soft landing juga mengharuskan pilot untuk mengambil
approach dengan sudut pendaratan sekecil-kecilnya.
Bahayanya, kalau landasan licin karena hujan atau apa,
maka pesawat akan tergelincir.
Meskipun tidak enak, pendaratan paling aman adalah
pendaratan yang biasa dibuat oleh pilot militer.
Sudut approach tidak terlalu kecil, kecepatan tidak
terlalu kecil. Kalau landasan licin, pesawat sengaja
dihentakkan agar roda pendarat mencengkeram run-way.
Salam,
RM
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Pilot Flight Training
Soft Field Landing
Objective:
To develop the student's skill and knowledge of the
soft field landings.
Elements:
1. how to determine landing performance and
limitations.
2. configuration and trim.
3. obstructions and other hazards which should be
considered.
4. effect of wind and landing surface.
5. selection of a touchdown area.
6. a stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed
to the selected touchdown area.
7. coordination of flight controls.
8. a precise ground track.
9. timing, judgment, and control technique during
roundout and touchdown.
10. touchdown in a nose-high pitch attitude at minimum
safe airspeed.
11. proper use of power.
12. directional control after touchdown.
13. use of checklist.
Schedule:
Preflight Discussion 0:15
Inflight Demonstration and Student Practice 0:30
Postflight Discussion 0:15
All Times Dependent on Pilot's Ability
Equipment:
Aircraft Drawing Surface and Marking Utensil
Instructor's Actions: Student's Actions:
PREFLIGHT:
Discuss lesson objective
Discuss common student errors in performing the
maneuver.
Discuss the FAA's emphasis on safety including
collision avoidance and division of attention.
INFLIGHT:
Demonstrate the maneuver.
Coach student practice.
Evaluate student understanding of maneuver.
POSTFLIGHT:
Critique student performance.
Answer student questions.
Assign homework for next lesson. PREFLIGHT
Discuss lesson objective.
Listens and takes notes.
Resolves Questions.
INFLIGHT
Reviews maneuvers.
Pays attention and asks questions.
Practices maneuver as directed.
Answers questions posed by instructor.
POSTFLIGHT
Ask pertinent questions.
Answers questions posed by instructor.
Critiques own performance.
Completes assigned homework.
Completion Standards:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a
soft-field takeoff and climb.
2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind
conditions and so as to maximize lift as quickly as
possible; sets the flaps as recommended.
3. Clears the area; taxies onto the takeoff surface at
a speed consistent with safety and aligns the airplane
without stopping while advancing the throttle smoothly
to takeoff power.
4. Establishes and maintains the pitch attitude that
will transfer the weight of the airplane from the
wheels to the wings as rapidly as possible.
5. Lifts off and remains in ground effect while
accelerating to Vy.
6. Establishes the pitch attitude for Vy and maintains
Vy, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.
7. Retracts the landing gear, if retractable, and
flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.
8. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering
altitude.
9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift
correction throughout the takeoff and climb.
10. Complies with noise abatement procedures.
11. Completes the appropriate checklist.
Common Errors:
1. improper use of landing performance data and
limitations.
2. failure to establish approach and landing
configuration at proper time or in proper sequence.
3. failure to establish and maintain a stabilized
approach.
4. failure to consider the effect of wind and landing
surface.
5. improper technique in use of power, wing flaps, or
trim.
6. inappropriate removal of hand from throttle.
7. improper technique during roundout and touchdown.
8. failure to hold back elevator pressure after
touchdown.
9. closing the throttle too soon after touchdown.
10. poor directional control after touchdown.
11. improper use of brakes.
References:
FAA-H-8083-3 Jeppesen Text Rod Machado's Book
AC61-23C CPC Text Kershner's Book
Things to Remember:
Hand on throttle unless trimming until safe altitude.
Walk field first, determine abort point, be ready for
go around and when to stick the landing.
Check POH for flaps or gear retraction first.
Differences between grass, wet grass, snow, dirt, dry
lakebeds, gravel, sand, and other surfaces.
(c)2000 Jedi Nein Tro Last Updated: April 16, 2000
HOME
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