smiklosovic commented on code in PR #4411:
URL: https://github.com/apache/cassandra/pull/4411#discussion_r2436431681


##########
src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/virtual/AbstractSchemaMetadataTable.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.cassandra.db.virtual;
+
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.DecoratedKey;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.CompositeType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UTF8Type;
+import org.apache.cassandra.dht.LocalPartitioner;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.ColumnMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.KeyspaceMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.Schema;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.SchemaProvider;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UserType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.NoSpamLogger;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base class for virtual tables that expose metadata on schema 
elements.
+ * <p>
+ * This class provides a unified implementation for tables that expose 
metadata across:
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>Keyspaces - metadata on keyspaces</li>
+ *   <li>Tables - metadata on tables</li>
+ *   <li>Columns - metadata on columns</li>
+ *   <li>User-Defined Types (UDTs) - metadata on UDTs</li>
+ * </ul>
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * Subclasses must implement methods to extract the specific metadata field
+ * (e.g., comment, security label) from each schema element type.
+ * </p>
+ */
+abstract class AbstractSchemaMetadataTable extends AbstractVirtualTable
+{
+    private static final Logger logger = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractSchemaMetadataTable.class);
+    private static final NoSpamLogger noSpamLogger = 
NoSpamLogger.getLogger(logger, 1L, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+
+    private static final String OBJECT_TYPE = "object_type";
+    private static final String KEYSPACE_NAME = "keyspace_name";
+    private static final String TABLE_NAME = "table_name";
+    private static final String COLUMN_NAME = "column_name";
+    private static final String UDT_NAME = "udt_name";
+
+    private final SchemaTableType schemaTableType;
+
+    /**
+     * Schema object types that can have metadata.
+     */
+    protected enum ObjectType
+    {
+        KEYSPACE,
+        TABLE,
+        COLUMN,
+        UDT;
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString()
+        {
+            return name();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Parse object type string to enum.
+         * @param objectType the string representation of the object type
+         * @return ObjectType enum value or null if invalid
+         */
+        static ObjectType parse(String objectType)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                return ObjectType.valueOf(objectType);
+            }
+            catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected enum SchemaTableType
+    {
+        COMMENT("schema_comments", "comment"),
+        SECURITY_LABEL("schema_security_labels", "security_label");
+
+        private final String tableName;
+        private final String columnName;
+
+        SchemaTableType(String tableName, String columnName)
+        {
+            this.tableName = tableName;
+            this.columnName = columnName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    AbstractSchemaMetadataTable(String keyspace, SchemaTableType 
schemaTableType)
+    {
+        super(TableMetadata.builder(keyspace, schemaTableType.tableName)
+                           .kind(TableMetadata.Kind.VIRTUAL)
+                           .partitioner(new 
LocalPartitioner(CompositeType.getInstance(UTF8Type.instance, 
UTF8Type.instance)))
+                           .addPartitionKeyColumn(OBJECT_TYPE, 
UTF8Type.instance)
+                           .addPartitionKeyColumn(KEYSPACE_NAME, 
UTF8Type.instance)
+                           .addClusteringColumn(TABLE_NAME, UTF8Type.instance)
+                           .addClusteringColumn(COLUMN_NAME, UTF8Type.instance)
+                           .addClusteringColumn(UDT_NAME, UTF8Type.instance)
+                           .addRegularColumn(schemaTableType.columnName, 
UTF8Type.instance)
+                           .build());
+        this.schemaTableType = schemaTableType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extract metadata from a keyspace.
+     * @param keyspace the keyspace metadata
+     * @return the metadata value, or null if not present
+     */
+    protected abstract String extractKeyspaceMetadata(KeyspaceMetadata 
keyspace);
+
+    /**
+     * Extract metadata from a table.
+     * @param table the table metadata
+     * @return the metadata value, or null if not present
+     */
+    protected abstract String extractTableMetadata(TableMetadata table);
+
+    /**
+     * Extract metadata from a column.
+     * @param column the column metadata
+     * @return the metadata value, or null if not present
+     */
+    protected abstract String extractColumnMetadata(ColumnMetadata column);
+
+    /**
+     * Extract metadata from a UDT.
+     * @param udt the user-defined type
+     * @return the metadata value, or null if not present
+     */
+    protected abstract String extractUdtMetadata(UserType udt);
+
+    @Override
+    public DataSet data()
+    {
+        SimpleDataSet result = new SimpleDataSet(metadata());
+        SchemaProvider schemaProvider = Schema.instance;
+        for (String keyspaceName : schemaProvider.getKeyspaces())
+        {
+            KeyspaceMetadata keyspace = 
schemaProvider.getKeyspaceMetadata(keyspaceName);
+            if(keyspace == null)

Review Comment:
   `if (keyspace`



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