Hi Davide,
The wheel will sink in a bit. As such, it’ll experience some bulldozing force. 
You then typically need to push it a bit to maintain that zero slip. In general 
you’ll see some slip before you generate positive traction.

You asked for some literature:

@inproceedings{Krenn2008SCM,
       booktitle = {11th European Regional Conference of the International 
Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems - ISTVS 2009},
           month = {October},
           title = {{SCM} -- {A} soil contact model for multi-body system 
simulations},
          author = {Rainer Krenn and Gerd Hirzinger},
            year = {2009},
        keywords = {Multi-Body System Simulation, Contact Dynamics, Soil 
Contact Model},
             url = {http://elib.dlr.de/60535/}
}

@article{chronoSCM2019,
  title   = {Deformable soil with adaptive level of detail for tracked and 
wheeled vehicles},
  author  = {Tasora, Alessandro and Mangoni, Dario and Negrut, Dan and Serban, 
Radu and Jayakumar, Paramsothy},
  journal = {International Journal of Vehicle Performance},
  year    = {2019},
  volume  = {5},
  pages   = {60--76},
  number  = {1}
}

@article{chronoSCM_JCND_2023,
  title={Real-Time Simulation of Ground Vehicles on Deformable Terrain},
  author={Serban, Radu and Taves, Jay and Zhou, Zhenhao},
  journal={Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics},
  volume={18},
  number={8},
  pages={081007},
  year={2023},
  publisher={American Society of Mechanical Engineers}
}

I hope this helps.
Dan
---------------------------------------------
Bernard A. and Frances M. Weideman Professor
NVIDIA CUDA Fellow
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Computer Science
University of Wisconsin - Madison
4150ME, 1513 University Avenue
Madison, WI 53706-1572
608 772 0914
http://sbel.wisc.edu/
http://projectchrono.org/
---------------------------------------------

From: [email protected] <[email protected]> On Behalf 
Of Davide
Sent: Monday, January 6, 2025 2:25 PM
To: ProjectChrono <[email protected]>
Subject: [chrono] SCM terrain

Hi all,
I'm focusing on the demo of a tire test rig on a SCM terrain, in particoular on 
the forces exchanged between tire and ground. While examining the longitudinal 
tire force as a function of longitudinal slip, I observed that the tire force 
shows a negative value when the longitudinal slip is zero. Could anyone explain 
why this occurs? How is this handled in Chrono? Is there any paper I could 
consult on this topic?
Tahnk you in advance for any help!
Davide
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