Kalo orang batak bilang: Strong rejection may be interpreted as affirmation
--- In proletar@yahoogroups.com, Bukan Pedanda <bukan.pedanda@...> wrote: > > > Permanent Address: > http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=homophobes-might-be-hidden-homosexuals > > Homophobes Might Be Hidden Homosexuals > A new analysis of implicit bias and explicit sexual > orientation statements may help to explain the underpinnings of anti-gay > bullying and hate crimes > By Jeanna Bryner and LiveScience | Tuesday, April 10, 2012 | 40 > Image: Wikimedia Commons/thaths > Advertisement > Homophobes should consider a little self-reflection, suggests a new > study finding those individuals who are most hostile toward gays and > hold strong anti-gay views may themselves have same-sex desires, albeit > undercover ones. > The prejudice of homophobia may also stem from authoritarian parents, > particularly those with homophobic views as well, the researchers added. > "This study shows that if you are feeling that kind of visceral reaction to > an out-group, ask yourself, 'Why?'" co-author Richard Ryan, a > professor of psychology at the University of Rochester, said in a > statement. "Those intense emotions should serve as a call to > self-reflection." > The research, published in the April 2012 issue of the Journal of Personality > and Social Psychology, reveals the nuances of prejudices like homophobia, > which can ultimately have dire consequences. [The 10 Most Destructive Human > Behaviors] > "Sometimes people are threatened by gays and lesbians because they are > fearing their own impulses, in a sense they 'doth protest too much,'" > Ryan told LiveScience. "In addition, it appears that sometimes those who > would oppress others have been oppressed themselves, and we can have > some compassion for them too, they may be unaccepting of others because > they cannot be accepting of themselves." > Ryan cautioned, however, that this link is only one source of anti-gay > sentiments. > Hidden homosexuality > In four studies, the researchers looked at the discrepancies between > what people say about their sexual orientation and their implicit sexual > orientation based on a reaction-time test. The studies involved college > students from Germany and the United States. > For the implicit measure, students had to categorize words and pictures > flashed onto a computer screen into "gay" or "straight" groups. Words > included "gay," "straight," "homosexual" and "heterosexual," while the > pictures showed straight and gay couples. Before each trial, > participants were primed with the word "me" or "others" flashed > momentarily onto a computer screen. The researchers said quicker > reaction time for "me" and "gay," and a slower association of "me" with > "straight" would indicate said an implicit gay orientation. [Why Gay Parents > May Be the Best Parents] > In another experiment, the researchers measured implicit sexual > orientation by having participants choose to browse same-sex or > opposite-sex photos on a computer screen. > Questionnaires also teased out the parenting style the participants were > exposed to, with students asked how much they agreed or disagreed with > statements such as: "I felt controlled and pressured in certain ways;" > and "I felt free to be who I am." To gauge homophobia in a household, > students responded to items such as, "It would be upsetting for my mom > to find out she was alone with a lesbian" or "My dad avoids gay men > whenever possible." > Participants indicated their own level of homophobia, both overt and > implicit; in word-completion tasks, students wrote down the first three > words that came to mind when prompted with some of the words' letters. > Students were primed at some point with the word "gay" to see how that > impacted the amount of aggressive words used. > Controlling parents > In all of the studies, participants who reported supportive and > accepting parents were more in touch with their implicit sexual > orientation, meaning it tended to jibe with their outward sexual > orientation. Students who indicated they came from authoritarian homes > showed the biggest discrepancy between the two measures of sexual > orientation. > "In a predominately heterosexual society, 'know thyself' can be a > challenge for many gay individuals," lead author Netta Weinstein, a > lecturer at the University of Essex in the United Kingdom,said in a > statement. "But in controlling and homophobic homes, embracing a > minority sexual orientation can be terrifying." [5 Ways to Foster > Self-Compassion in Your Child] > Those participants who reported their heterosexuality despite having > hidden same-sex desires were also the most likely to show hostility > toward gay individuals, including self-reported anti-gay attitudes, > endorsement of anti-gay policies and discrimination such as supporting > harsher punishments for homosexuals. > The research may help to explain the underpinnings of anti-gay bullying and > hate crimes, the researchers note. People in denial about their own sexual > orientation, perhaps a denial fostered by authoritarian and homophobic > parents, may feel a threat from other gay and lesbian individuals. > Lashing out may ultimately be an indicator of the person's own internal > conflict with sexual orientation. > This inner conflict can be seen in some high-profile cases in which > anti-gay public figures are caught engaging in same-sex acts, the > researchers say. For instance, evangelical preacher and > anti-gay-marriage advocate Ted Haggard was caught in a gay sex scandal > in 2006. And in 2010, prominent anti-gay activist and co-founder of > conservative Family Research Council George Rekers was reportedly > spotted in 2010 with a male escort rented from Rentboy.com. According to news > reports, the escort confirmed Rekers is gay. > "We laugh at or make fun of such blatant hypocrisy, but in a real way, > these people may often themselves be victims of repression and > experience exaggerated feelings of threat," Ryan said. "Homophobia is > not a laughing matter. It can sometimes have tragic consequences," as > was the case in the 1998 murder of Matthew Shepard, a gay man. > * 5 Myths About Gay People Debunked > * Understanding the 10 Most Destructive Human Behaviors > * 10 Scientific Tips For Raising Happy Kids > Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. > This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. > > YES! Send me a free issue of Scientific American with no > obligation to continue the subscription. If I like it, I will be billed > for the one-year subscription. > Email Address Name > Scientific American is a trademark of Scientific American, Inc., used with > permission > > © 2013 Scientific American, a Division of Nature America, Inc. All Rights > Reserved. > > > * Advertise > * About Scientific American > * Subscribe > * Special Ad Sections > * Press Room > * Renew Your Subscription > * Science Jobs > * Site Map > * Buy Back Issues > * Partner Network > * Terms of Use > * Products & Services > * International Editions > * Privacy Policy > * Subscriber Customer Service > * Travel > * Contact Us > * Use of Cookies > > Subscribe Today > Save 66% off the cover price and get a free gift! > Learn More>> X > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > ------------------------------------ Post message: prole...@egroups.com Subscribe : proletar-subscr...@egroups.com Unsubscribe : proletar-unsubscr...@egroups.com List owner : proletar-ow...@egroups.com Homepage : http://proletar.8m.com/Yahoo! 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