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Judul: [proletar] BBC: Cattle 'cloned from dead animals'
Kepada: proletar@yahoogroups.com
Tanggal: Jumat, 13 Agustus, 2010, 7:07 PM
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British Broadcasting Corporation
BBC News Science & Environment
12 August 2010 Last updated at 10:58 GMT
Cattle 'cloned from dead animals'
By Pallab Ghosh Science correspondent, BBC News
Cloned meat - from lab to plate
Some of the cattle cloned to boost food production in the US have been created
from the cells of dead animals, according to a US cloning company.
Farmers say it is being done because it is only possible to tell that the
animal's meat is of exceptionally high quality by inspecting its carcass.
US scientists are using a variety of techniques to assess which animals have
exceptional qualities.
These attributes include meat quality, productivity or longevity.
Continue reading the main story
"Start Quote
The notion behind what we are doing is to find that animal that created that
great steak - and once we have it, we want to reproduce it"
End Quote Scott Simplot JR Simplot Company
These exceptional animals are cloned to be used as breeding stock, with the aim
of raising the quality of herds on beef, dairy and pig farms in the US.
There is a long tradition of resurrecting dead animals for cloning - Dolly the
sheep being a case in point.
The head of the leading US animal cloning company has said that European
farmers will fall behind the rest of the world unless they are allowed to use
such techniques to improve the productivity of their livestock.
The aim of livestock cloning is to clone the best animals to produce the best
beef.
But some cattle farmers believe it is impossible to pick the best quality
animals until their meat has been properly analysed.
That is why there are cloned bulls here that have been produced from the cells
taken from the carcasses of dead animals.
Brady Hicks of the JR Simplot company in Idaho said his organisation was among
many that had tried out the technique successfully.
"The animals are hanging on a rail ready to go to the meat counter," he told
BBC News.
"We identify carcasses that have certain carcass characteristics that we want,
but it's too late to reproduce the genetics of the animal. But through cloning
we can resurrect that animal."
Steak (BBC) Supporters of cloning want to improve the great American steak
These "resurrected" animals are then bred with naturally born cows. The next
step is to see if their offspring - whose meat can be sold to consumers in the
US - have the same qualities as the grandparent from which the cells were
originally taken.
Ranchers at the Simplot company also clone from live animals that are
particularly productive or fertile.
The driving force behind the project is the head of the company, Scott Simplot,
who firmly believes that cloning can be used to improve beef production. His
stated aim is to raise the standard of the great American steak.
"The notion behind what we are doing is to find that animal that created that
great steak - and once we have it, we want to reproduce it," he said.
"So (if we are successful), every time we have a steak at a restaurant it will
have that memorable taste."
But the idea is not to everyone's taste. The leading whole food chain in the
US, Whole Foods Market, has banned the sale of products of cloning.
According to its global vice-president, Margaret Wittenberg, although meat and
milk from cloned animals has been allowed to go on sale in the US, most
Americans have never heard of it.
"A lot of customers in the United States are oblivious of it," she said.
"You don't hear about it in the media. And when you do tell people about it
they look at you and say 'you're kidding! They're not doing that are they? Why
would they?'"
Ban bid
Mark Walton, president of the leading US animal cloning company, ViaGen, says
livestock farmers have a very good reason to use his services.
He says scientists in many countries are trying to find ways of using the
technology to boost production and quality.
Cloning is not used by livestock farmers in Europe, and there are moves by some
members of the European Parliament to ban it altogether. Mr Walton believes
that would be a mistake.
"If I were a European farmer and my competitors in the US, China and South
America were using the technology, I'd be concerned about losing all access to
it," he said.
It is early days for cloning in US agriculture. There are only a thousand
clones in the one hundred million-strong American cattle herd.
The idea is to pick the best animals and use them to breed from. ViaGen charges
cattle farmers $17,000 to clone an animal.
Cloned bulls There are only a thousand clones in the one hundred million-strong
US cattle herd
It would cost them around $4,000 to buy a high quality bull to breed from. So
for cloning to be worthwhile, the technology has to produce animals that are
substantially better than the ones that can be obtained via traditional methods.
At the moment, the technique is at an experimental phase. Beef, pig and dairy
farmers are all trying to establish whether cloning is an economic proposition.
Two years ago, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ruled that meat and
milk from cloned animals were safe to eat. Ever since then, products from the
offspring of cloned animals have entered the food chain
Supporters of the technology say that costs will come down - and as farmers
become better able to identify their exceptional animals, cloning technology
will begin to pay big dividends.
Mark Walton believes that the use of cloning in agriculture will eventually
become the norm - not just in the US but across the world.
Cloned cow and its offspring The norm is for livestock to be cloned from live
animals
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