Hi Akihiko,

> Subject: Re: [PATCH v7 10/10] virtio-gpu-dmabuf: Create dmabuf for
> blobs associated with VFIO devices
> >>>>
> >>>> On 2026/02/23 17:00, Vivek Kasireddy wrote:
> >>>>> In addition to memfd, a blob resource can also have its backing
> >>>>> storage in a VFIO device region. Since, there is no effective way
> >>>>> to determine where the backing storage is located, we first try to
> >>>>> create a dmabuf assuming it is in memfd. If that fails, we try to
> >>>>> create a dmabuf assuming it is in VFIO device region.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> So, we first call virtio_gpu_create_udmabuf() to check if the
> blob's
> >>>>> backing storage is located in a memfd or not. If it is not, we
> invoke
> >>>>> the vfio_device_create_dmabuf() API which identifies the right
> VFIO
> >>>>> device and eventually creates a dmabuf fd.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Note that in virtio_gpu_remap_dmabuf(), we first try to test if
> >>>>> the VFIO dmabuf exporter supports mmap or not. If it doesn't, we
> >>>>> fall back to the vfio_device_mmap_dmabuf() API to get a
> mapping
> >>>>> created for the dmabuf.
> >>>>>
> >>>>> Cc: Marc-André Lureau <[email protected]>
> >>>>> Cc: Alex Bennée <[email protected]>
> >>>>> Cc: Akihiko Odaki <[email protected]>
> >>>>> Cc: Dmitry Osipenko <[email protected]>
> >>>>> Cc: Alex Williamson <[email protected]>
> >>>>> Cc: Cédric Le Goater <[email protected]>
> >>>>> Signed-off-by: Vivek Kasireddy <[email protected]>
> >>>>> ---
> >>>>>     hw/display/meson.build         |  1 +
> >>>>>     hw/display/vfio-dmabuf-stubs.c | 23
> +++++++++++++++++++++++
> >>>>>     hw/display/virtio-gpu-dmabuf.c | 32
> ++++++++++++++++++++++++--
> >> ---
> >>>> ---
> >>>>>     3 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
> >>>>>     create mode 100644 hw/display/vfio-dmabuf-stubs.c
> >>>>>
> >>>>> diff --git a/hw/display/meson.build b/hw/display/meson.build
> >>>>> index f5f92b1068..7d2bd839cc 100644
> >>>>> --- a/hw/display/meson.build
> >>>>> +++ b/hw/display/meson.build
> >>>>> @@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ if
> >>>> config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_VIRTIO_GPU')
> >>>>>                         if_true: [files('virtio-gpu-base.c', 
> >>>>> 'virtio-gpu.c'),
> pixman])
> >>>>>       if host_os == 'linux'
> >>>>>         virtio_gpu_ss.add(files('virtio-gpu-dmabuf.c'))
> >>>>> +    virtio_gpu_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_VFIO', if_false: files('vfio-
> >>>> dmabuf-stubs.c'))
> >>>>>       else
> >>>>>         virtio_gpu_ss.add(files('virtio-gpu-dmabuf-stubs.c'))
> >>>>>       endif
> >>>>> diff --git a/hw/display/vfio-dmabuf-stubs.c b/hw/display/vfio-
> >> dmabuf-
> >>>> stubs.c
> >>>>> new file mode 100644
> >>>>> index 0000000000..12f016f0c5
> >>>>> --- /dev/null
> >>>>> +++ b/hw/display/vfio-dmabuf-stubs.c
> >>>>> @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
> >>>>> +/*
> >>>>> + * Copyright (c) 2026 Intel and/or its affiliates.
> >>>>> + *
> >>>>> + * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
> >>>>> + */
> >>>>> +
> >>>>> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
> >>>>> +#include "qemu/error-report.h"
> >>>>> +#include "qemu/iov.h"
> >>>>> +
> >>>>> +bool vfio_device_create_dmabuf(struct iovec *iov, unsigned int
> >>>> iov_cnt,
> >>>>> +                               int *fd, Error **errp)
> >>>>> +{
> >>>>> +    error_setg(errp, "VFIO dmabuf support is not enabled");
> >>>>> +    return false;
> >>>>> +}
> >>>>> +
> >>>>> +bool vfio_device_mmap_dmabuf(struct iovec *iov, unsigned int
> >>>> iov_cnt,
> >>>>> +                             void **addr, size_t total_size, Error 
> >>>>> **errp)
> >>>>> +{
> >>>>> +    error_setg(errp, "VFIO mmap dmabuf support is not
> enabled");
> >>>>> +    return false;
> >>>>> +}
> >>>>
> >>>> This is VFIO's implementation and shouldn't be here. Follow what
> >>>> hw/vfio/iommufd-stubs.c, the previously-mentioned example,
> does.
> >>> Ok, I'll move this file to hw/vfio directory.
> >>>
> >>>>
> >>>>> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-dmabuf.c b/hw/display/virtio-
> gpu-
> >>>> dmabuf.c
> >>>>> index fdcf8e53a2..3f39371de1 100644
> >>>>> --- a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-dmabuf.c
> >>>>> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-dmabuf.c
> >>>>> @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
> >>>>>     #include "ui/console.h"
> >>>>>     #include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h"
> >>>>>     #include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pixman.h"
> >>>>> +#include "hw/vfio/vfio-device.h"
> >>>>>     #include "trace.h"
> >>>>>     #include "system/ramblock.h"
> >>>>>     #include "system/hostmem.h"
> >>>>> @@ -82,13 +83,21 @@ virtio_gpu_create_udmabuf(struct
> >>>> virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res, int *fd,
> >>>>>     static bool virtio_gpu_remap_dmabuf(struct
> >>>> virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res,
> >>>>>                                         Error **errp)
> >>>>>     {
> >>>>> +    Error *mmap_err = NULL;
> >>>>>         void *map;
> >>>>>
> >>>>>         map = mmap(NULL, res->blob_size, PROT_READ,
> MAP_SHARED,
> >>>> res->dmabuf_fd, 0);
> >>>>>         if (map == MAP_FAILED) {
> >>>>> -        error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "dmabuf mmap failed");
> >>>>> +        error_setg_errno(&mmap_err, errno, "dmabuf mmap
> failed: ");
> >>>>>             res->remapped = NULL;
> >>>>> -        return false;
> >>>>> +
> >>>>> +        if (!vfio_device_mmap_dmabuf(res->iov, res->iov_cnt,
> &map,
> >>>>> +                                     res->blob_size, errp)) {
> >>>>> +            error_report_err(mmap_err);
> >>>>> +            return false;
> >>>>> +        }
> >>>>> +        error_free(mmap_err);
> >>>>> +        mmap_err = NULL;
> >>>>>         }
> >>>>>         res->remapped = map;
> >>>>>         return true;
> >>>>> @@ -145,7 +154,7 @@ bool virtio_gpu_have_udmabuf(void)
> >>>>>
> >>>>>     void virtio_gpu_init_dmabuf(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource
> >> *res)
> >>>>>     {
> >>>>> -    Error *local_err = NULL;
> >>>>> +    Error *local_err = NULL, *vfio_err = NULL;
> >>>>>         VirtIOGPUErrorType err;
> >>>>>         void *pdata = NULL;
> >>>>>         int fd;
> >>>>> @@ -158,12 +167,19 @@ void virtio_gpu_init_dmabuf(struct
> >>>> virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res)
> >>>>>             err = virtio_gpu_create_udmabuf(res, &fd, &local_err);
> >>>>>             if (err != VIRTIO_GPU_NO_ERROR) {
> >>>>>                 error_prepend(&local_err, "Cannot create dmabuf: ");
> >>>>> -            if (err == VIRTIO_GPU_GUEST_ERROR) {
> >>>>> -                qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
> >>>>> -                              "Cannot create dmabuf: incompatible
> mem\n");
> >>>>> +
> >>>>> +            if (!vfio_device_create_dmabuf(res->iov, res->iov_cnt,
> &fd,
> >>>>> +                                           &vfio_err)) {
> >>>>> +                if (err == VIRTIO_GPU_GUEST_ERROR) {
> >>>>> +                    qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
> >>>>> +                                  "Cannot create dmabuf: incompatible
> mem\n");
> >>>>
> >>>> This logic is faulty. err is not set by vfio_device_create_dmabuf(),
> so
> >>>> it reports a guest error even when the memory is compatible with
> >>>> vfio_device_create_dmabuf() and it raised an error for a different
> >>>> reason.
> >>> Maybe I misunderstood your previous comment about this but I
> >> thought
> >>> we are going to assume that if both virtio_gpu_create_udmabuf()
> and
> >>> vfio_device_create_dmabuf() fail (assuming Guest error in case of
> >>> virtio_gpu_create_udmabuf ()) then it is reasonable to assume that
> >> Guest
> >>> is at fault for passing in incompatible memory addresses.
> >>
> >> It's not what I suggested. What I suggested is as follows:
> >>   > virtio_gpu_create_udmabuf(res);
> >>   > if (it turned out the memory is incompatible with udmabuf) {
> >>   >     virtio_gpu_create_vfio_dmabuf(res);
> >>   >     if (it turned out the memory is not backed by VFIO) {
> >>   >         qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "incompatible\n");
> >>   >         return;
> >>   >     }
> >>   > }
> >>
> >> https://lore.kernel.org/qemu-devel/c7c03384-4815-4032-89bd-
> >> [email protected]/
> >>
> >> It is not correct to assume vfio_device_create_dmabuf() is failed due
> to
> >> a guest error when virtio_gpu_create_udmabuf(). For example, when
> >> mmap()
> >> fails in vfio_device_mmap_dmabuf(), it is a host error, and reporting
> a
> >> guest error in the case is a bug.
> >>
> >>>
> >>> However, in order to fix this properly, I think we would have to
> have
> >>> vfio_device_create_dmabuf() return
> VIRTIO_GPU_GUEST/HOST_ERROR
> >>> (or something equivalent) which I was trying to avoid. Do you see
> any
> >>> other proper way to fix this issue without messing with the return
> type
> >>> of vfio_device_create_dmabuf()?
> >>>
> >>> The reason why I am hesitant to make vfio_device_create_dmabuf()
> >> return
> >>> Guest/Host error is because a future user of this API may not need
> this
> >> info.
> >>
> >> A future user may not need it, but we need it to make this code bug-
> free.
> > Ok, I plan to add the following enum and make it available to VFIO
> and
> > virtio-gpu-dmabuf.c:
> > typedef enum DmabufCreateErrorType {
> >      DMABUF_CREATE_NO_ERROR = 1,
> 
> When there is no error, vfio_device_create_dmabuf() should return the
> file descriptor instead (see e.g., qemu_open()).
Ok, I'll remove DMABUF_CREATE_NO_ERROR from this enum and follow
your suggestion to return fd in case of no error.

> 
> >      /* Guest is responsible for this error */
> >      DMABUF_CREATE_GUEST_ERROR = -1,
> >      /* Host is at fault for this error */
> >      DMABUF_CREATE_HOST_ERROR = -2,
> > } DmabufCreateErrorType;
> >
> > Is the naming OK? And, what would be a good location (header) to
> have this in?
> I would prefix the names VFIO and put it into
> include/hw/vfio/vfio-device.h.
> 
> In that case, using it for udmabuf is cheating, but I think it's fine
> since it's locally-contained in virtio-gpu-dmabuf.c, its intent is still
> clear, and it has no adverse effect for users (at least there will be no
> bug).
Ok, got it. I'll rename and move the enum to vfio-device.h.

Thanks,
Vivek

> 
> Regards,
> Akihiko Odaki
> 
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Vivek
> >
> >>
> >> Regards,
> >> Akihiko Odaki
> >>
> >>>
> >>> Thanks,
> >>> Vivek
> >>>
> >>>>
> >>>> Regards,
> >>>> Akihiko Odaki
> >>>>
> >>>>> +                }
> >>>>> +                error_report_err(local_err);
> >>>>> +                error_report_err(vfio_err);
> >>>>> +                return;
> >>>>>                 }
> >>>>> -            error_report_err(local_err);
> >>>>> -            return;
> >>>>> +            error_free(local_err);
> >>>>> +            local_err = NULL;
> >>>>>             }
> >>>>>
> >>>>>             res->dmabuf_fd = fd;
> >>>
> >


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