Hi Khushit,
On 7/16/26 11:38 PM, Khushit Shah wrote:
> Some fields should not be written back to KVM for various reasons:
>  - ID_AA64PFR0_EL1.GIC / ID_PFR1_EL1.GIC are fabricated by KVM based on
>    the gic-version property.
so this is part of the overall handling of legacy composite options
versus sysreg settings. To be the fact they both are consistent should
be enforced upfront.
>  - KVM does not allow writing 0 to ID_DFR0_EL1.CopDbg, which breaks
>    booting an AArch64-only guest on a host that also supports AArch32.
>  - ID_DFR0_EL1.PerfMon is populated by KVM even for AArch64-only guests
>    but is not writable there.
>  - MPIDR_EL1 is managed by KVM based on vCPU index.
>  - Hold off writing back CLIDR_EL1 until we properly support exposing
>    cache topology to a KVM guest.
Sounds this deserves a prerequisite fix. I also have this hack in my
series but this should be dealt with separately I think.
>
> Some registers such as DCZID_EL0 are not exposed through the KVM cpreg
> list at all, but guest still sees the host value, we verify that vCPU's
> ID regs values match the host value.
why isn't it cpreg then? Shouldn't we add it instead?
>
> To do this, refactor kvm_arm_writable_idregs_to_cpreg_list to
> kvm_arm_write_idregs_to_cpregs_list, which operates per field and now
> returns an error if a non-writable field mismatches with the host value.
>
> Signed-off-by: Khushit Shah <[email protected]>
> ---
>  target/arm/cpu-idregs.c |  19 +++++++
>  target/arm/cpu-idregs.h |   4 ++
>  target/arm/kvm.c        | 116 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
>  target/arm/trace-events |   2 +-
>  4 files changed, 125 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/target/arm/cpu-idregs.c b/target/arm/cpu-idregs.c
> index c41d0ab0c4..6fa02af0f3 100644
> --- a/target/arm/cpu-idregs.c
> +++ b/target/arm/cpu-idregs.c
> @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
>   *  SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
>   */
>  #include "qemu/osdep.h"
> +#include "qemu/bitops.h"
>  #include "qemu/error-report.h"
>  #include "qapi/error.h"
>  #include "cpu.h"
> @@ -94,3 +95,21 @@ ARM64SysReg arm64_id_regs[NUM_ID_IDX] = {
>  #include "cpu-idregs.h.inc"
>  };
>  
> +uint64_t arm_get_field_mask(const ARM64SysRegField *field)
> +{
> +    return MAKE_64BIT_MASK(field->shift, field->length);
> +}
> +
> +bool arm_field_is_writable(const ARM64SysRegField *field)
> +{
> +    uint64_t field_mask = arm_get_field_mask(field);
> +
> +    return (arm64_id_regs[field->index].writable_mask & field_mask)
> +           == field_mask;
> +}
> +
> +bool field_matches(const ARM64SysRegField *field, ARMIDRegisterIdx index,
> +                   const char *name)
> +{
> +    return field->index == index && !strcmp(field->name, name);
why do you need to check both index and name. Only checking index should
be sufficient.
> +}
> diff --git a/target/arm/cpu-idregs.h b/target/arm/cpu-idregs.h
> index 245f1c8103..d866bd9e0a 100644
> --- a/target/arm/cpu-idregs.h
> +++ b/target/arm/cpu-idregs.h
> @@ -38,4 +38,8 @@ typedef struct ARM64SysReg {
>   */
>  extern ARM64SysReg arm64_id_regs[NUM_ID_IDX];
>  
> +uint64_t arm_get_field_mask(const ARM64SysRegField *field);
> +bool arm_field_is_writable(const ARM64SysRegField *field);
> +bool field_matches(const ARM64SysRegField *field, ARMIDRegisterIdx index,
> +                   const char *name);
>  #endif
> diff --git a/target/arm/kvm.c b/target/arm/kvm.c
> index 6974e5c551..c38b99cfce 100644
> --- a/target/arm/kvm.c
> +++ b/target/arm/kvm.c
> @@ -951,6 +951,16 @@ static uint64_t *kvm_arm_get_cpreg_ptr(ARMCPU *cpu, 
> uint64_t regidx)
>      return &cpu->cpreg_values[res - cpu->cpreg_indexes];
>  }
>  
> +/* Like kvm_arm_get_cpreg_ptr, but returns NULL if the register is not 
> found. */
> +static uint64_t *kvm_arm_find_cpreg_ptr(ARMCPU *cpu, uint64_t regidx)
> +{
> +    uint64_t *res;
> +    res = bsearch(&regidx, cpu->cpreg_indexes, cpu->cpreg_array_len,
> +                  sizeof(uint64_t), compare_u64);
> +
> +    return res ? &cpu->cpreg_values[res - cpu->cpreg_indexes] : NULL;
> +}
> +
>  /**
>   * kvm_arm_reg_syncs_via_cpreg_list:
>   * @regidx: KVM register index
> @@ -1252,32 +1262,105 @@ bool kvm_arm_cpu_post_load(ARMCPU *cpu)
>      return true;
>  }
>  
> +static bool arm_field_skip_writeback_always(const ARM64SysRegField *field)
> +{
> +    /*
> +     * GIC is controlled by the gic-version property and fabricated by KVM
> +     * when the vGIC device is created, so a named CPU model must not touch
> +     * it. KVM also rejects writing 0 to ID_DFR0_EL1.CopDbg, which breaks
> +     * booting a model that lacks AArch32 support on a host that supports
> +     * it. MPIDR_EL1 is managed by KVM based on number of vCPUs, skip
> +     * writing it back. Similarly, skip writing back CLIDR_EL1 till we
> +     * properly support exposing cache for KVM guest.
> +     */
> +    return field_matches(field, ID_AA64PFR0_EL1_IDX, "GIC")
> +        || field_matches(field, ID_PFR1_EL1_IDX, "GIC")
> +        || field_matches(field, ID_DFR0_EL1_IDX, "CopDbg")
> +        || field->index == MPIDR_EL1_IDX
> +        || field->index == CLIDR_EL1_IDX;
> +}
> +
> +static bool arm_field_skip_writeback_if_not_writable(const ARM64SysRegField 
> *field)
> +{
> +    /*
> +     * KVM populates ID_DFR0_EL1.PerfMon even for AArch64-only guests but
> +     * does not expose it as writable there, so skip it when it is not
> +     * writable.
> +     */
> +    return field_matches(field, ID_DFR0_EL1_IDX, "PerfMon");
> +}
> +
>  /*
> - * Copy writable ID regs from isar.idregs[] to cpreg_list
> - * in case their value differs from the original init cpreg value
> + * Copy writable ID reg fields from isar.idregs[] into the KVM cpreg list,
> + * so the subsequent write_list_to_kvmstate() pushes them to KVM.
> + * Only writable fields are copied; fields that must not be written back
> + * (see arm_field_skip_writeback_*) are skipped.
> + * Returns -1 if any vCPU's ID reg value differs from the host value and the
> + * field is not writable.
>   */
> -static void kvm_arm_writable_idregs_to_cpreg_list(ARMCPU *cpu)
> +static int kvm_arm_write_idregs_to_cpreg_list(ARMCPU *cpu)
>  {
>      for (int i = 0; i < NUM_ID_IDX; i++) {
>          ARM64SysReg *sysregdesc = &arm64_id_regs[i];
>          ARMSysRegs sysreg = id_register_sysreg[i];
> -        uint64_t previous, new;
> +        uint64_t writable_mask = sysregdesc->writable_mask;
> +        uint64_t desired = cpu->isar.idregs[i];
> +        uint64_t previous, updated;
>          uint64_t *cpreg;
>  
> -        if (!sysregdesc->writable_mask) {
> +        cpreg = kvm_arm_find_cpreg_ptr(cpu, 
> idregs_sysreg_to_kvm_reg(sysreg));
> +        /*
> +         * Registers such as DCZID_EL0 are not exposed through the cpreg
> +         * list and are therefore not writable. Use the host value
> +         * snapshotted at probe time as the reference to check the vCPU ID
> +         * regs have the same value.
> +         */
> +        previous = cpreg ? *cpreg : arm_host_cpu_features.isar.idregs[i];
> +
> +        if (previous == desired) {
>              continue;
>          }
while at it you could also test all reserved fields here, RAZ, RES0/1
and make sure host value complies with the description.
>  
> -        cpreg = kvm_arm_get_cpreg_ptr(cpu, idregs_sysreg_to_kvm_reg(sysreg));
> -        previous = *cpreg;
> -        new = cpu->isar.idregs[i];
> +        for (int j = 0; j < sysregdesc->fields_count; j++) {
> +            const ARM64SysRegField *field = &sysregdesc->fields[j];
> +            uint64_t field_mask = arm_get_field_mask(field);
> +            uint64_t prev_val = previous & field_mask;
> +            uint64_t new_val = desired & field_mask;
> +
> +            if (prev_val == new_val) {
> +                continue;
> +            }
> +
> +            if (arm_field_skip_writeback_always(field) ||
> +                (!arm_field_is_writable(field) &&
> +                 arm_field_skip_writeback_if_not_writable(field))) {
> +                /* Never write this field back; keep KVM's value. */
> +                writable_mask &= ~field_mask;
> +                continue;
> +            }
> +
> +            if (!arm_field_is_writable(field)) {
> +                error_report("%s.%s is not writable: host=0x%" PRIx64
> +                             ", requested=0x%" PRIx64,
> +                             sysregdesc->name, field->name,
> +                             prev_val >> field->shift, new_val >> 
> field->shift);
> +                return -1;
> +            }
> +        }
> +
> +        if (!cpreg || !writable_mask) {
> +            continue;
> +        }
>  
> -        if (previous != new) {
> -            *cpreg = new;
> -            trace_kvm_arm_writable_idregs_to_cpreg_list(sysregdesc->name,
> -                                                        previous, new);
> -         }
> +        updated = (previous & ~writable_mask) | (desired & writable_mask);
> +        if (updated != previous) {
> +            *cpreg = updated;
> +            trace_kvm_arm_write_idregs_to_cpreg_list(sysregdesc->name,
> +                                                        previous, updated);
> +        }
>      }
> +
> +    return 0;
>  }
>  
>  void kvm_arm_reset_vcpu(ARMCPU *cpu)
> @@ -2235,8 +2318,11 @@ int kvm_arch_init_vcpu(CPUState *cs)
>      if (ret) {
>          return ret;
>      }
> -    /* overwrite writable ID regs with their updated property values */
> -    kvm_arm_writable_idregs_to_cpreg_list(cpu);
> +    /* overwrite ID reg fields with their updated property values */
> +    ret = kvm_arm_write_idregs_to_cpreg_list(cpu);
> +    if (ret) {
> +        return ret;
> +    }
>      ret = write_list_to_kvmstate(cpu, KVM_PUT_FULL_STATE);
>      if (!ret) {
>          return -1;
> diff --git a/target/arm/trace-events b/target/arm/trace-events
> index f33b0d821d..f042ab59b8 100644
> --- a/target/arm/trace-events
> +++ b/target/arm/trace-events
> @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ arm_gt_update_irq(int timer, int irqstate) "gt_update_irq: 
> timer %d irqstate %d"
>  # kvm.c
>  kvm_arm_fixup_msi_route(uint64_t iova, uint64_t gpa) "MSI iova = 0x%"PRIx64" 
> is translated into 0x%"PRIx64
>  get_host_cpu_idregs(const char *name, uint64_t value) "scratch vcpu host 
> value for %s is 0x%"PRIx64
> -kvm_arm_writable_idregs_to_cpreg_list(const char *name, uint64_t previous, 
> uint64_t new) "%s overwrite default 0x%"PRIx64" with 0x%"PRIx64
> +kvm_arm_write_idregs_to_cpreg_list(const char *name, uint64_t previous, 
> uint64_t new) "%s overwrite default 0x%"PRIx64" with 0x%"PRIx64
>  
>  # cpu64.c
>  get_sysreg_prop(const char *name, uint64_t value) "%s 0x%"PRIx64
Thanks

Eric


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