SanJSp commented on code in PR #55508:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/55508#discussion_r3137491014


##########
common/utils/src/main/resources/error/error-conditions.json:
##########
@@ -3278,6 +3278,26 @@
         "message" : [
           "`startingVersion` is required when `endingVersion` is specified for 
CDC queries."
         ]
+      },
+      "NET_CHANGES_NOT_YET_SUPPORTED" : {
+        "message" : [
+          "The `deduplicationMode = netChanges` option on connector 
`<changelogName>` is not yet supported. Use `deduplicationMode = 
dropCarryovers` (default) or `deduplicationMode = none` instead."
+        ]
+      },
+      "STREAMING_POST_PROCESSING_NOT_SUPPORTED" : {
+        "message" : [
+          "Change Data Capture (CDC) streaming reads on connector 
`<changelogName>` do not yet support post-processing (carry-over removal, 
update detection, or net change computation). The requested combination of 
options would require post-processing, which is currently only available for 
batch reads. Use a batch read, or set `deduplicationMode = none` and 
`computeUpdates = false` to receive raw change rows in streaming."
+        ]
+      },
+      "UPDATE_DETECTION_REQUIRES_CARRY_OVER_REMOVAL" : {
+        "message" : [
+          "`computeUpdates` cannot be used with `deduplicationMode=none` on 
connector `<changelogName>` because the connector emits copy-on-write 
carry-over pairs (`containsCarryoverRows()` returns true) that would be 
silently mislabeled as updates. Set `deduplicationMode` to `dropCarryovers` or 
`netChanges`."
+        ]
+      },
+      "UNEXPECTED_MULTIPLE_CHANGES_PER_ROW_VERSION" : {
+        "message" : [
+          "Connector emitted multiple delete or insert rows for the same 
`(rowId, _commit_version)` partition. The `Changelog` contract requires at most 
one logical change per row identity per commit when 
`containsIntermediateChanges() = false`. Either fix the connector to 
deduplicate intermediate states, or set `containsIntermediateChanges() = true` 
and use `deduplicationMode = netChanges`."
+        ]
       }

Review Comment:
   Done. Split `UNEXPECTED_MULTIPLE_CHANGES_PER_ROW_VERSION` into new 
`CHANGELOG_CONTRACT_VIOLATION` class with `sqlState = "XX000"` (matches 
`CHECKPOINT_FILE_CHECKSUM_VERIFICATION_FAILED` and similar "upstream source 
violated an invariant" errors). The `RaiseError` literal in the rule and the 
test `checkError` conditions are updated.



##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/ResolveChangelogTable.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.aggregate.{Count, Max, Min}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.Rule
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.streaming.StreamingRelationV2
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.TreeNodeTag
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.{Changelog, ChangelogInfo}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.errors.QueryCompilationErrors
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.v2.{ChangelogTable, 
DataSourceV2Relation}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{IntegerType, StringType}
+
+/**
+ * Post-processes a resolved [[ChangelogTable]] read to apply CDC option 
semantics
+ * (carry-over removal, update detection) and to enforce supported option 
combinations.
+ *
+ * Fires after [[ResolveRelations]] has wrapped the connector's [[Changelog]] 
in a
+ * [[ChangelogTable]]. Both batch ([[DataSourceV2Relation]]) and streaming
+ * ([[StreamingRelationV2]]) reads are handled:
+ *   - Batch: the requested post-processing passes are injected as logical 
operators on top
+ *     of the relation. Carry-over removal and update detection are fused into 
a single
+ *     pass over a (rowId, _commit_version)-partitioned Window: the Filter 
drops CoW
+ *     carry-over pairs (same rowVersion on both sides) and the subsequent 
Project relabels
+ *     real delete+insert pairs as update_preimage / update_postimage.
+ *   - Streaming: post-processing is not yet supported. If the requested 
options would
+ *     require any post-processing, the rule throws an explicit 
[[AnalysisException]] to
+ *     prevent silent wrong results. Streams that don't require 
post-processing pass
+ *     through unchanged.
+ *
+ * Net change computation (`deduplicationMode = netChanges`) is not yet 
implemented and
+ * is rejected up-front for both batch and streaming.
+ */
+object ResolveChangelogTable extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
+
+  private val CHANGELOG_TRANSFORMED_TAG =
+    TreeNodeTag[Boolean]("changelog_transformed")
+
+  private object HelperColumn {
+    final val DelCnt = "_del_cnt"
+    final val InsCnt = "_ins_cnt"
+    final val MinRv = "_min_rv"
+    final val MaxRv = "_max_rv"
+
+    val all: Set[String] = Set(DelCnt, InsCnt, MinRv, MaxRv)
+  }
+
+  override def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = {
+    if (isAlreadyTransformed(plan)) return plan
+    var updatedPlan = plan
+    updatedPlan = plan.resolveOperatorsUp {
+      case rel @ DataSourceV2Relation(table: ChangelogTable, _, _, _, _, _) =>
+        val changelog = table.changelog
+        val req = evaluateRequirements(changelog, table.changelogInfo)
+
+        var updatedRel: LogicalPlan = rel
+        if (req.requiresCarryOverRemoval || req.requiresUpdateDetection) {
+          updatedRel = addRowLevelPostProcessing(
+            rel, changelog, req.requiresCarryOverRemoval, 
req.requiresUpdateDetection)
+        }
+        if (req.requiresNetChanges) {
+          updatedRel = injectNetChangeComputation(updatedRel, changelog)
+        }
+        updatedRel
+
+      case rel @ StreamingRelationV2(_, _, table: ChangelogTable, _, _, _, _, 
_, _) =>
+        // Streaming CDC reads do not yet apply post-processing. Run the same 
option /
+        // capability validation as the batch path so silent wrong results are 
impossible:
+        // either no post-processing would be required (fall through, return 
raw stream),
+        // or we throw an explicit AnalysisException.
+        val changelog = table.changelog
+        val req = evaluateRequirements(changelog, table.changelogInfo)
+        if (req.needsAny) {
+          throw 
QueryCompilationErrors.cdcStreamingPostProcessingNotSupported(changelog.name())
+        }
+        rel
+    }
+    if (updatedPlan ne plan) {
+      updatedPlan.setTagValue(CHANGELOG_TRANSFORMED_TAG, true)
+    }
+    updatedPlan
+  }
+
+  // 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Option validation & Requirement Computation
+  // 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Captures which post-processing passes a CDC query requires, derived from 
the
+   * user-provided [[ChangelogInfo]] options and the connector-declared 
[[Changelog]]
+   * capability flags.
+   */
+  private case class PostProcessingRequirements(
+      requiresCarryOverRemoval: Boolean,
+      requiresUpdateDetection: Boolean,
+      requiresNetChanges: Boolean) {
+    def needsAny: Boolean =
+      requiresCarryOverRemoval || requiresUpdateDetection || requiresNetChanges
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Validates CDC option/capability combinations and computes which 
post-processing
+   * passes are required. Throws an [[org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException]] 
for
+   * unsupported or contradictory combinations (currently: `netChanges` 
deduplication,
+   * and `computeUpdates` with surfaced carry-overs but no carry-over removal).
+   */
+  private def evaluateRequirements(
+      changelog: Changelog,
+      options: ChangelogInfo): PostProcessingRequirements = {
+    // Net change computation is not yet implemented.
+    if (options.deduplicationMode() == 
ChangelogInfo.DeduplicationMode.NET_CHANGES) {
+      throw 
QueryCompilationErrors.cdcNetChangesNotYetSupported(changelog.name())
+    }
+
+    val requiresCarryOverRemoval =
+      options.deduplicationMode() != ChangelogInfo.DeduplicationMode.NONE &&
+        changelog.containsCarryoverRows()
+    val requiresUpdateDetection =
+      options.computeUpdates() && changelog.representsUpdateAsDeleteAndInsert()
+    val requiresNetChanges =
+      options.deduplicationMode() == 
ChangelogInfo.DeduplicationMode.NET_CHANGES &&
+        changelog.containsIntermediateChanges()
+
+    // If carry-overs are surfaced and update detection is enabled without 
carry-over
+    // removal, carry-overs would be falsely classified as updates, leading to 
wrong
+    // results. Hence we throw.
+    if (requiresUpdateDetection &&
+        changelog.containsCarryoverRows() &&
+        options.deduplicationMode() == ChangelogInfo.DeduplicationMode.NONE) {
+      throw QueryCompilationErrors.cdcUpdateDetectionRequiresCarryOverRemoval(
+        changelog.name())
+    }
+
+    PostProcessingRequirements(
+      requiresCarryOverRemoval, requiresUpdateDetection, requiresNetChanges)
+  }
+
+  // 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Row Level Post Processing (Update Detection & Carry-over Removal)
+  // 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Adds row-level post-processing (carry-over removal and/or update 
detection) on top of
+   * the given plan:
+   *   - both active    -> Window(counts + rv bounds) -> Filter -> 
Project(relabel) -> Drop helpers
+   *   - carry-over only -> Window(counts + rv bounds) -> Filter -> Drop 
helpers
+   *   - update only    -> Window(counts only) -> Project(relabel) -> Drop 
helpers
+   *   - neither        -> not invoked (caller guards this case)
+   */
+  private def addRowLevelPostProcessing(
+      plan: LogicalPlan,
+      cl: Changelog,
+      requiresCarryOverRemoval: Boolean,
+      requiresUpdateDetection: Boolean): LogicalPlan = {
+    // Row-version bounds in the Window are needed iff we filter carry-over 
pairs.
+    var modifiedPlan = addPostProcessingWindow(plan, cl,
+      includeRowVersionBounds = requiresCarryOverRemoval)
+    if (requiresCarryOverRemoval) modifiedPlan = 
addCarryOverPairFilter(modifiedPlan)
+    if (requiresUpdateDetection) modifiedPlan = 
addUpdateRelabelProjection(modifiedPlan)
+    removeHelperColumns(modifiedPlan)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds a Window node partitioned by (rowId, _commit_version) that computes
+   * `_del_cnt` and `_ins_cnt` per partition, and, when 
`includeRowVersionBounds`
+   * is true, additionally `_min_rv` / `_max_rv` (min/max of 
`Changelog.rowVersion()`).
+   *
+   * `_del_cnt` / `_ins_cnt` drive update detection (1 each -> relabel as
+   * update_preimage / update_postimage). `_min_rv` / `_max_rv` drive 
carry-over
+   * detection (within a delete+insert pair, equal bounds signal a CoW 
carry-over).
+   */
+  private def addPostProcessingWindow(
+      plan: LogicalPlan,
+      cl: Changelog,
+      includeRowVersionBounds: Boolean): LogicalPlan = {
+    val changeTypeAttr = getAttribute(plan, "_change_type")
+    val rowIdExprs = 
V2ExpressionUtils.resolveRefs[NamedExpression](cl.rowId().toSeq, plan)

Review Comment:
   Handled in #55507 via `ChangelogTable.validateSchema`: if any 
post-processing capability is advertised, `rowId()` must return a non-empty 
array (otherwise `INVALID_CHANGELOG_SCHEMA.MISSING_ROW_ID`), and the default 
`UnsupportedOperationException` on `rowId()` / `rowVersion()` is surfaced 
directly. Validation fires in the `ChangelogTable` constructor, so the rule 
always sees a validated table. Tests for both modes are in #55507.



##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/ResolveChangelogTable.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.aggregate.{Count, Max, Min}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical._
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.Rule
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.streaming.StreamingRelationV2
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.TreeNodeTag
+import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.{Changelog, ChangelogInfo}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.errors.QueryCompilationErrors
+import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.v2.{ChangelogTable, 
DataSourceV2Relation}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{IntegerType, StringType}
+
+/**
+ * Post-processes a resolved [[ChangelogTable]] read to apply CDC option 
semantics
+ * (carry-over removal, update detection) and to enforce supported option 
combinations.
+ *
+ * Fires after [[ResolveRelations]] has wrapped the connector's [[Changelog]] 
in a
+ * [[ChangelogTable]]. Both batch ([[DataSourceV2Relation]]) and streaming
+ * ([[StreamingRelationV2]]) reads are handled:
+ *   - Batch: the requested post-processing passes are injected as logical 
operators on top
+ *     of the relation. Carry-over removal and update detection are fused into 
a single
+ *     pass over a (rowId, _commit_version)-partitioned Window: the Filter 
drops CoW
+ *     carry-over pairs (same rowVersion on both sides) and the subsequent 
Project relabels
+ *     real delete+insert pairs as update_preimage / update_postimage.
+ *   - Streaming: post-processing is not yet supported. If the requested 
options would
+ *     require any post-processing, the rule throws an explicit 
[[AnalysisException]] to
+ *     prevent silent wrong results. Streams that don't require 
post-processing pass
+ *     through unchanged.
+ *
+ * Net change computation (`deduplicationMode = netChanges`) is not yet 
implemented and
+ * is rejected up-front for both batch and streaming.
+ */
+object ResolveChangelogTable extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
+
+  private val CHANGELOG_TRANSFORMED_TAG =
+    TreeNodeTag[Boolean]("changelog_transformed")
+
+  private object HelperColumn {
+    final val DelCnt = "_del_cnt"
+    final val InsCnt = "_ins_cnt"
+    final val MinRv = "_min_rv"
+    final val MaxRv = "_max_rv"
+
+    val all: Set[String] = Set(DelCnt, InsCnt, MinRv, MaxRv)
+  }
+
+  override def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = {
+    if (isAlreadyTransformed(plan)) return plan
+    var updatedPlan = plan
+    updatedPlan = plan.resolveOperatorsUp {
+      case rel @ DataSourceV2Relation(table: ChangelogTable, _, _, _, _, _) =>
+        val changelog = table.changelog
+        val req = evaluateRequirements(changelog, table.changelogInfo)
+
+        var updatedRel: LogicalPlan = rel
+        if (req.requiresCarryOverRemoval || req.requiresUpdateDetection) {
+          updatedRel = addRowLevelPostProcessing(
+            rel, changelog, req.requiresCarryOverRemoval, 
req.requiresUpdateDetection)
+        }
+        if (req.requiresNetChanges) {
+          updatedRel = injectNetChangeComputation(updatedRel, changelog)
+        }
+        updatedRel
+
+      case rel @ StreamingRelationV2(_, _, table: ChangelogTable, _, _, _, _, 
_, _) =>
+        // Streaming CDC reads do not yet apply post-processing. Run the same 
option /
+        // capability validation as the batch path so silent wrong results are 
impossible:
+        // either no post-processing would be required (fall through, return 
raw stream),
+        // or we throw an explicit AnalysisException.
+        val changelog = table.changelog
+        val req = evaluateRequirements(changelog, table.changelogInfo)
+        if (req.needsAny) {
+          throw 
QueryCompilationErrors.cdcStreamingPostProcessingNotSupported(changelog.name())
+        }
+        rel
+    }
+    if (updatedPlan ne plan) {
+      updatedPlan.setTagValue(CHANGELOG_TRANSFORMED_TAG, true)

Review Comment:
   Done. Added `resolved: Boolean = false` on `ChangelogTable` (field lives in 
#55507 so both PRs stay compile-compatible). The rule uses `!table.resolved` as 
pattern guard, `rel.copy(table = table.copy(resolved = true))` to mark after 
transformation. Plan-tag mechanism, `isAlreadyTransformed`, and `TreeNodeTag` 
import are removed.



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