Github user viirya commented on a diff in the pull request:

    https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16700#discussion_r98325213
  
    --- Diff: 
sql/hive/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/HiveExternalCatalog.scala ---
    @@ -899,6 +919,21 @@ private[spark] class HiveExternalCatalog(conf: 
SparkConf, hadoopConf: Configurat
               spec, partitionColumnNames, tablePath)
             try {
               tablePath.getFileSystem(hadoopConf).rename(wrongPath, rightPath)
    +
    +          // If the newSpec contains more than one depth partition, 
FileSystem.rename just deletes
    +          // the leaf(i.e. wrongPath), we should check if wrongPath's 
parents need to be deleted.
    +          // For example, give a newSpec 'A=1/B=2', after calling Hive's 
client.renamePartitions,
    +          // the location path in FileSystem is changed to 'a=1/b=2', 
which is wrongPath, then
    +          // although we renamed it to 'A=1/B=2', 'a=1/b=2' in FileSystem 
is deleted, but 'a=1'
    +          // is still exists, which we also need to delete
    +          val delHivePartPathAfterRename = getExtraPartPathCreatedByHive(
    --- End diff --
    
    `client.renamePartitions` is called at the beginning of `renamePartitions` 
for all specs at once. It creates the directory `a=1` and `a=1/b=2` and 
`a=1/b=3`.
    
    When you iterates specs and rename the directories with FileSystem.rename, 
in the first iteration, `a=1/b=2` is renamed, and `a=1` is deleted in this 
change, then `a=1/b=3` will be deleted too. So in next iteration, the renaming 
of `a=1/b=3` to `A=1/B=3` will fail.


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