Github user viirya commented on a diff in the pull request:

    https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/21847#discussion_r206699403
  
    --- Diff: 
external/avro/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/avro/AvroSerializer.scala ---
    @@ -165,16 +186,117 @@ class AvroSerializer(rootCatalystType: DataType, 
rootAvroType: Schema, nullable:
           result
       }
     
    -  private def resolveNullableType(avroType: Schema, nullable: Boolean): 
Schema = {
    -    if (nullable) {
    +  // Resolve an Avro union against a supplied DataType, i.e. a LongType 
compared against
    +  // a ["null", "long"] should return a schema of type Schema.Type.LONG
    +  // This function also handles resolving a DataType against unions of 2 
or more types, i.e.
    +  // an IntType resolves against a ["int", "long", "null"] will correctly 
return a schema of
    +  // type Schema.Type.LONG
    +  private def resolveUnionType(avroType: Schema, catalystType: DataType,
    +      nullable: Boolean): Schema = {
    +    if (avroType.getType == Type.UNION) {
           // avro uses union to represent nullable type.
    -      val fields = avroType.getTypes.asScala
    -      assert(fields.length == 2)
    -      val actualType = fields.filter(_.getType != NULL)
    -      assert(actualType.length == 1)
    +      val fieldTypes = avroType.getTypes.asScala
    +
    +      // If we're nullable, we need to have at least two types.  Cases 
with more than two types
    +      // are captured in test("read read-write, read-write w/ schema, 
read") w/ test.avro input
    +      if (nullable && fieldTypes.length < 2) {
    +        throw new IncompatibleSchemaException(
    +          s"Cannot resolve nullable ${catalystType} against union type 
${avroType}")
    +      }
    +
    +      val actualType = catalystType match {
    +        case NullType => fieldTypes.filter(_.getType == Type.NULL)
    +        case BooleanType => fieldTypes.filter(_.getType == Type.BOOLEAN)
    +        case ByteType => fieldTypes.filter(_.getType == Type.INT)
    +        case BinaryType => fieldTypes
    +          .filter(x => x.getType == Type.BYTES || x.getType == Type.FIXED)
    +        case ShortType | IntegerType => fieldTypes.filter(_.getType == 
Type.INT)
    +        case LongType => fieldTypes.filter(_.getType == Type.LONG)
    +        case FloatType => fieldTypes.filter(_.getType == Type.FLOAT)
    +        case DoubleType => fieldTypes.filter(_.getType == Type.DOUBLE)
    +        case d: DecimalType => fieldTypes.filter(_.getType == Type.STRING)
    +        case StringType => fieldTypes
    +          .filter(x => x.getType == Type.STRING || x.getType == Type.ENUM)
    +        case DateType => fieldTypes
    +          .filter(x => x.getType == Type.INT || x.getType == Type.LONG)
    --- End diff --
    
    
    
    I've asked in previous comment: Why we need consider long? I think 
`DateType` uses int?



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