Mr Worf, I know that the pressure angle is being worked on, through the liquid oxygen breathing apparatus being tested extensively right now (the fluid can be adapted for the extreme depths).
On Wed, May 19, 2010 at 3:48 PM, Mr. Worf <hellomahog...@gmail.com> wrote: > > > I think that there are still some hurdles that need to be solved first. One > is being able to see in the deep and another is the pressure. > > On Wed, May 19, 2010 at 12:33 PM, Martin Baxter > <martinbaxt...@gmail.com>wrote: > >> >> >> Okay... now that we know how big it is, let's get to exploring it. >> >> On Wed, May 19, 2010 at 3:26 PM, Mr. Worf <hellomahog...@gmail.com>wrote: >> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> *Ocean's Depth and Volume Revealed* >>> >>> [image: A Swedish warship, left, escorts a merchant ship, on Tuesday, May >>> 11 ,2010, in the Indian Ocean. (AP Photo/Tim >>> Freccia)]<http://www.yahoo.com/_ylt=AkvlRGz6TuDWyr_.eX05YNGbvZx4;_ylu=X3oDMTNoMjNobTM1BGEDMTAwNTE5IG5ld3Mgb2NlYW4gbWVhc3VyZW1lbnRzIHQEY3BvcwMxBGcDaWQtMjc1MjQEaW50bAN1cwRwa2d2AzExBHBvcwMxBHNlYwN0ZC1mZWF0BHNsawNpbWFnZQRzbHBvcwNGBHRlc3QDNzAx/SIG=12tmu20hb/**http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20100519/sc_livescience/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed> >>> LiveScience >>> Staff<http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/byline/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed/36218767/SIG=121vpfog1/*http://www.livescience.com/php/contactus/author.php?r=editorial> >>> >>> LiveScience.com<http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/byline/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed/36218767/SIG=10sog4vj6/*http://www.livescience.com> >>> livescience >>> Staff<http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/byline/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed/36218767/sig=121vpfog1/*http://www.livescience.com/php/contactus/author.php?r=editorial> >>> >>> livescience.com<http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/byline/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed/36218767/sig=10sog4vj6/*http://www.livescience.com> >>> – >>> Wed May 19, 10:40 am ET >>> >>> The Earth's >>> oceans<http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20100519/sc_livescience/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed#>are >>> among the most mysterious places on the planet, but scientists now have >>> at least figured out how deep the oceans are and just how much water they >>> hold. >>> >>> A group of scientists used satellite measurements to get new estimates of >>> these values, which turned out to be 0.3 billion cubic >>> miles<http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20100519/sc_livescience/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed#>(1..332 >>> billion cubic kilometers) for the volume of the >>> oceans<http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed/36218767/SIG=1188p8bmt/*http://www.livescience.com/topic/ocean>and >>> 12,080.7 feet (3,682.2 meters) for the average >>> ocean depth. >>> >>> Both of these numbers are less than many previous estimates of the >>> ocean's volume and depth. >>> >>> "A lot of water values are taken for granted," said Matthew Charette, an >>> associate scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic >>> Institution<http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20100519/sc_livescience/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed#>( >>> WHOI) in Woods Hole, Mass., who led the new audit of the oceans. "If you >>> want to know the water volume on the planet, you Google it and you get >>> five different numbers, most of them 30- or 40-year-old values." >>> >>> Crude measurements of volume >>> >>> The depth estimate of 2.3 miles is about 69 to 167 feet (21 to 51 meters) >>> less than previous estimates. (Some areas of the ocean, such as the Mariana >>> Trench<http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed/36218767/SIG=12ma3o35k/*http://www.livescience.com/common/media/video/player.php?videoRef=LS_090603_marianas>(at >>> nearly 7 miles or 11 km deep) are of course much deeper than the >>> average, while other areas, such as the Mid-Atlantic >>> Ridge<http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed/36218767/SIG=123pbuug3/*http://www.livescience.com/animals/091122-deep-sea-creatures.html>are >>> shallower.) >>> >>> The researchers report that the world's total ocean volume is less than >>> the most recent estimates by a volume equivalent to about five times the >>> Gulf >>> of Mexico, or 500 times the Great Lakes.. While that might seem a lot at >>> first glance, it is only about 0.3 percent lower than the estimates of 30 >>> years ago. >>> >>> That small difference shows how accurate even crude measurement >>> techniques were at estimating the ocean's volume. As long ago as 1888, for >>> example, John Murray dangled lead weights from a rope off a ship to >>> calculate an ocean volume - the product of ocean area and mean ocean depth - >>> just 1.2 percent greater than the figure reported by Charette and his >>> colleague Walter H.F. Smith, a geophysicist at the National Environmental >>> Satellite, Data and Information >>> Service<http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20100519/sc_livescience/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed#>of >>> the National >>> Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). >>> >>> Starting in the 1920s, researchers using echosounders improved depth >>> estimates significantly, according to the researchers. Most recently, Smith >>> and >>> others<http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20100519/sc_livescience/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed#>have >>> pioneered the use of satellites to calculate ocean volume. >>> >>> Oceans not losing water >>> >>> The trend toward a progressive lowering of volume estimates is not >>> because the world's >>> oceans<http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/livescience/sc_livescience/storytext/oceansdepthandvolumerevealed/36218767/SIG=1188p8bmt/*http://www.livescience.com/topic/ocean>are >>> losing water. Rather, it reflects a greater ability to locate undersea >>> mountain ranges and other formations, which take up space that would >>> otherwise be occupied by water. >>> >>> Satellite measurements reveal that ocean bottoms "are bumpier and more >>> mountainous than had been imagined," Smith said. >>> >>> Satellites cannot actually "see" the ocean bottom. Instead, they measure >>> the ocean surface, which reflects what lies beneath. For instance, if a >>> mountain range lurks under a certain part of the ocean, the surface above it >>> will bulge outward. >>> The satellite project has covered virtually all the world's oceans, >>> except for some areas of the Arctic that are covered with ice, Smith said. >>> The result is a "new world map" of the oceans, he said. "Matt [Charette] and >>> I are seeing a better picture of the shape and volume of oceans." >>> >>> Fine-tuning the numbers >>> >>> Satellite measurements do have their shortcomings though: "There is a >>> problem of spatial resolution, like an out-of-focus camera," Smith >>> explained. "We're measuring the sea surface that is affected by mountains, >>> but we're seeing only really big mountains, and in a blurry way. The >>> resolution is 15 times worse than our maps of Mars and the moon." >>> >>> Consequently, the researchers say, more ship-based measurements are >>> needed to augment and "fine tune" the satellite data. And so far, ship-based >>> sonar and other instrumentation have mapped only 10 percent of the Earth's >>> seafloor. >>> >>> "We have gaps in echosounding measurements as wide as New Jersey," Smith >>> said. >>> >>> It would take a single ship 200 years (or 10 ships 20 years) to measure >>> all the ocean-floor depths with an echsounder, according to published U.S.. >>> Navy estimates. >>> >>> The new study, funded in part by the EarthWater Institute, is detailed in >>> the June issue of the journal Oceanography. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> Celebrating 10 years of bringing diversity to perversity! >>> Mahogany at: >>> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mahogany_pleasures_of_darkness/ >>> >> >> >> >> -- >> "If all the world's a stage and we are merely players, who the bloody hell >> wrote the script?" -- Charles E Grant >> >> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQUxw9aUVik >> >> >> > > > -- > Celebrating 10 years of bringing diversity to perversity! > Mahogany at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mahogany_pleasures_of_darkness/ > > -- "If all the world's a stage and we are merely players, who the bloody hell wrote the script?" -- Charles E Grant http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQUxw9aUVik
