Re: network unrachable problem

2013-04-05 Thread Bob Proulx
Tony van der Hoff wrote:
> I have a (headless) SBC (actually a raspberry pi, but I think that's
> unimportant) running wheezy, with both wireless and wired networking
> interfaces, each with ipv4 and ipv6 addresses.

Me too.  Well... Only IPv4.  I haven't set up IPv6.  I am using
wpa_supplicant directly for handling the wifi connection.

> When both are configured, all is well, and I can ping anywhere with both
> address families.

Me too.

> If I now unplug the eth0 cable, one of the address families dies on
> the wireless side, but only beyond the router; i.e. I can ping and
> ping6 to the router, but can only ether ping or ping6 to
> google.com. The failing family responds with "network unreachable".

What is your default route?  What is the output of:

  $ ip route show

If the default route is out through the unplugged eth0 then that would
do it.

> If I now do "ifconfig eth0 down" my wan once again works correctly. I
> guess udev should be bringing down the eth0 automatically, but is not
> doing so.
> 
> Any suggestions on how to fix this, please?

Is ifplugd running?  I think the default distributed image has ifplugd
installed and configured.  In which case see /etc/default/ifplugd for
the configuration.  If you don't have ifplugd installed then I would
investigate using it.

My file /etc/default/ifplugd contains:
  INTERFACES="auto"
  HOTPLUG_INTERFACES="all"
  ARGS="-q -f -u0 -d10 -w -I"
  SUSPEND_ACTION="stop"

I will guess that when you unplug eth0 that ifplugd is not running and
doesn't automatically down the interface.  Which means your route is
still configured to eth0 and causes everything to fail.  When you
manually down the interface that removes that default route and the
other default route through the wifi then comes into play.

Bob


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Re: Will unix ever get out of dependency hell

2013-04-05 Thread Kevin Chadwick
> > Why on earth does so much of the default desktops depend on polkit
> > when very little breaks when it is disabled!
> >  
> 
> Because "very little" is not "nothing at all."

But 99% of the code would work just fine without it and does if you
remove it's suid.

On Fri, 05 Apr 2013 15:39:30 -0400
Phillip Susi  wrote:

> > I have decided that sudo is superior to polkit in every way for
> > both developers and user except for if developers want to be lazy
> > and outsource policy creation to more general and so less specific
> > and so obviously likely less secure ones. I do not wish to debate
> > that and all debates I have seen have simply shown a lack of
> > understanding of what sudo can do.  
> 
> One is not "better" than the other as sudo and PolicyKit do two
> completely different things.  sudo is a command used to run other
> commands as root.  PolicyKit allows services that ( typically, but not
> necessarily ) are already running as root to accept requests to
> perform actions via DBUS in a restricted way.

If you really wanted to do that you would find the likes of Selinux,
RBAC, TOMOYO and apparmor more effective, useful to a user and less of
a risk, however they do not save you from writing bad code and sudo
encourages the best of that in a nice priviledge seperated utility.

If it was the case that polkit just did that then sudo would still be my
choice as it is not always running, is filesystem based and as Android
realises (we'll ignore their dbus security problems) the program dev is
the only one who can truly minimise priviledges (though I wish Android
would let you override them, perhaps ubuntu-mobile will) but it
wouldn't be a big problem and we wouldn't have all these dependency
issues and when reducing the number of root programs such as rsyslogas
it's own user, you could decide whether or not to run polkit with no
restrictions.

Let's analyse the situation due to polkit doing two things and
primarily it's secondary task rather than one thing and doing it well as
per the unix philosophy. The man page says it does as you have said,
though I have seen very little of that, thankfully as it is wrong inmy
book) and it also handles policies granting priviledges.

Ignoring the positives of sudo and bearing in mind sudo makes no
stipulations upon users systems, uses zero resources (reports of Gentoo
systems without polkit being quicker) and is easy to configure even from
a console, lets look at just the dependency negatives of polkit (this
post is already too long) which I am convinced was developed by red hat
to fit in with pam and because they seemingly have little idea about
sudos abilities and group permissions, unlike debian who always used
them fairly well. Let's not forget that pam has not a got a great
security record either.


nvidia-settings wants to install an xorg.conf file. An Nvidia user
could easily have this ability via sudo and a sudoers policy could be
provided in two seconds.

Maybe a user like me doesn't even care and just wants to create a config
and install it himself even or just change the brightness upon login
from an rc script. This requires no extra priviledges.

What are his choices

run polkit with all the defaults which is far more permissions and code
running as root than he needs.

Look into locking it down, yet it is still pointlessly running as root
and notoriously annoying to configure not to mention pointlessly
pulling in things like the JS package which aids rop attacks.

Disable it's suid and if he knows how, redirect all the setuid not
correct logs to null.



Or the best option for the average user with any ability at all. Remove
polkit.


I decided to make my Ubuntu gaming machine leaner for Steam recently and
I was appauled how bad the situation needlessly is.

The whole of KDE out the window, when 99% of it has nothing to do with
polkit, no problem, I was aiming for leaner anyway. 

Udisks, no problem, having to use usbmount or some udev rules to run
the beautifully unix like mount program is a stupid problem to have
but again, I can live with it and I do anyway for systems I wish to
secure.

nvidia-settings gone, how annoying. Install from nvidia.com, still
without polkit and I have 100% of it's functionality back. I just have
to update it manually.

Pulseaudio gone. Ok I can use AlSA, pulseaudio doesn't work witha
grsecurity kernel anyway and I can finally get around to learning about
jackd which is meant to be far better anyway and perhaps apply it to all
my systems.


Steam-launcher gone as it requires jockey which requires polkit. Ok I
install Steam-launcher from steampowered.com. Runs just fine. I am
annoyed but glad with my lean machine.

BUT, now even though my machine works fine and how I want, I can't
update the machine without pulling in polkit for jockey that the steam
launcher that I wasn't allowed to install from the repo requires.

These types of problems have spawned things like spacefm that I am very
impressed with for it's independe

Re: NEWBIE question Re: static or dynamic /dev

2013-04-05 Thread Joe Pfeiffer
Richard Owlett  writes:

> Roger Leigh wrote:
>> On Fri, Apr 05, 2013 at 05:42:32AM -0700, sting wing wrote:
>>> Question: how does a person know if their /dev is a static or dynamic /dev
>
>>
>> % findmnt /dev
>> TARGET SOURCE   FSTYPE   OPTIONS
>> /dev   devtmpfs devtmpfs rw,size=249844k,nr_inodes=62461,mode=755
>>
>> Unless you have taken very special steps to avoid it, you will
>> always have a dynamic /dev.  This has been the case for many
>> many years now.  udev uses a tmpfs mounted on /dev (and more
>> recently a devtmpfs mounted on /dev).
>>
>> If there's nothing mounted on /dev, then you will have a static
>> /dev.  However, if using Linux, the chances of having a static
>> /dev on a contemporary system are vanishingly small--you'd have
>> to intentionally alter the boot scripts to avoid a dynamic /dev.
>>
>
> What does it mean when /dev is said to be static? dynamic?
> What should I be reading about?

Many years ago, /dev was a directory containing entries called "special
files" (which essentially meant mappings from filenames to device
drivers).  It was the responsibility of the system administrator to make
sure that any time a device was added, a corresponding special file was
added to /dev.  In such a system, /dev is static.

In a modern system, /dev doesn't physically exist on disk at all:  it's
a special kind of filesystem that lives only in the memory of the
computer, called a tmpfs (temporary filesystem).  Daemons detect what
hardware is available, and automatically create the right special files
in this filesystem.  This is a dynamic /dev.


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Re: Will unix ever get out of dependency hell

2013-04-05 Thread Ralf Mardorf
On Fri, 2013-04-05 at 20:59 +0100, Kevin Chadwick wrote:
> Why on earth does so much of the default desktops depend on polkit when
> very little breaks when it is disabled!
> 
> I think some important principles have been forgotten...or  never
> learnt in the first place in these 'modern' times.

The upstream folks and packages builders of many distros seem not to use
what they make by them self. "Forgotten", it was better in the past.
There are many famous example, my favourite still is pulseaudio, since I
once switched to Debian, because pulseaudio wasn't a hard dependency for
GNOME2, while it was a hard dependency for most other distros. A few
days later I needed to update, this also caused an update from GNOME2 to
GNOME3 and pulseaudio became a hard dependency for GNOME, by Debian too.
That this break sound on my _audio production machine_ wasn't the most
worse ;), but this is another story of insane policies.
While applications for linux became better and better, the environment
to run those applications, became more and more worse.


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Re: Will unix ever get out of dependency hell

2013-04-05 Thread Paul Johnson
On Fri, Apr 5, 2013 at 2:59 PM, Kevin Chadwick wrote:

> Why on earth does so much of the default desktops depend on polkit when
> very little breaks when it is disabled!
>

Because "very little" is not "nothing at all."


Will unix ever get out of dependency hell

2013-04-05 Thread Kevin Chadwick
Why on earth does so much of the default desktops depend on polkit when
very little breaks when it is disabled!

I think some important principles have been forgotten...or  never
learnt in the first place in these 'modern' times.

-- 
___

'Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work
together. Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a
universal interface'

(Doug McIlroy)
___


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Re: NEWBIE question Re: static or dynamic /dev

2013-04-05 Thread Kevin Chadwick
> What does it mean when /dev is said to be static? dynamic?
> What should I be reading about?

On Linux, static tends to be used on embedded systems for speed and
sanity when you know about all the hardware that will be connected and
don't want anything interfering. OpenBSD has a Makedev script which
builds the nodes.

With dynamic the device nodes are created as needed rather than being
pre-prepared. The fact the filesystem is dynamically sized in ram too is
irrelevent really and simply makes it easier to have a read only root
filesystem.

-- 
___

'Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work
together. Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a
universal interface'

(Doug McIlroy)
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Re: Squeeze X86 with 4GByte RAM?

2013-04-05 Thread Kevin Chadwick
> If I run grub with "linux-image-2.6.32-5-686-bigmem (Recovery Mode)" it
> starts fine and I have all the 4GByte of RAM - but when I run the same
> without Recovery Mode it shows me black screen with blinking cursor and
> wait forever.
> 
> I think it was because when I give more memory to the computer also I
> change its videocard from NVIDIA 6600 to NVIDIA 9400GT. What should I do
> now? How to repair video driver?

You probably have a mismatched nvidia kernel module (wrong module for
the kernel change) so try reinstalling your nvidia driver.

-- 
___

'Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work
together. Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a
universal interface'

(Doug McIlroy)
___


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Fw: Sound Problem -- More Information

2013-04-05 Thread Stephen P. Molnar


Begin forwarded message:

Date: Fri, 5 Apr 2013 11:22:48 -0400
From: "Stephen P. Molnar" 
To: debian-user@lists.debian.org
Subject: Sound Problem


64 bit Debian Wheezy/Testing.  I had to reinstall the OS duer to a HD
failure.  Sound worked prior to that.

computation@abnormal:~$ aplay -l
 List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices 
card 0: Solo1 [ESS ES1938 (Solo-1)], device 0: es-1938-1946 [ESS Solo-1]
  Subdevices: 2/2
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
  Subdevice #1: subdevice #1


When I run speaker-test I get the following:

computation@abnormal:~$ sudo speaker-test
[sudo] password for computation: 

speaker-test 1.0.25

Playback device is default
Stream parameters are 48000Hz, S16_LE, 1 channels
Using 16 octaves of pink noise
Rate set to 48000Hz (requested 48000Hz)
Buffer size range from 32 to 16384
Period size range from 32 to 16384
Using max buffer size 16384
Periods = 4
was set period_size = 4096
was set buffer_size = 16384
 0 - Front
Left Write error: -5,Input/output
error xrun_recovery failed: -5,Input/output
error Transfer failed: Operation not permitted  

I would appreciate a pointer to the solution.

Thanks in advance.

-- 
Stephen P. Molnar, Ph.D.Life is a fuzzy set
Foundation for ChemistryStochastic and multivariate
www.FoundationForChemistry.com
(614)312-7528 (c)
Skype:  smolnar1


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I followed the steps found in:

http://stray-notes.blogspot.com/2010/08/alsa-sound-setup-debian.html

Here are the results of the testing.

root@abnormal:/home/computation# cat /proc/asound/version
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.24.

root@abnormal:/home/computation# cat /dev/sndstat
Sound Driver:3.8.1a-980706 (ALSA v1.0.24 emulation code)
Kernel: Linux abnormal 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.41-2 x86_64
Config options: 0

Installed drivers: 
Type 10: ALSA emulation

Card config: 
ESS ES1938 (Solo-1) rev 0, irq 17
USB Device 0x46d:0x807 at usb-:00:02.1-3, high speed

Audio devices: NOT ENABLED IN CONFIG

Synth devices: NOT ENABLED IN CONFIG

Midi devices:
0: ESS ES1938 (Solo-1) MIDI

Timers:
31: system timer

Mixers: NOT ENABLED IN CONFIG
 

At this point in the URL the instructions say to open alsmixer and play
with the settings.  Alsmixer found the soundcard and all of the
functions keys worked .I attempted to do this, but alsamixer was
nonresponsive,  For instance 'M' did not unmute the master

Going on with the testing.

root@abnormal:/home/computation# cat /proc/asound/cards
 0 [Solo1  ]: ES1938 - ESS ES1938 (Solo-1)
  ESS ES1938 (Solo-1) rev 0, irq 17
 1 [U0x46d0x807]: USB-Audio - USB Device 0x46d:0x807
  USB Device 0x46d:0x807 at usb-:00:02.1-3,
high speed

root@abnormal:/home/computation# cat /proc/asound/cards
 0 [Solo1  ]: ES1938 - ESS ES1938 (Solo-1)
  ESS ES1938 (Solo-1) rev 0, irq 17
 1 [U0x46d0x807]: USB-Audio - USB Device 0x46d:0x807
  USB Device 0x46d:0x807 at usb-:00:02.1-3,
high speed root@abnormal:/home/computation# cat /proc/asound/cards
 0 [Solo1  ]: ES1938 - ESS ES1938 (Solo-1)
  ESS ES1938 (Solo-1) rev 0, irq 17
 1 [U0x46d0x807]: USB-Audio - USB Device 0x46d:0x807
  USB Device 0x46d:0x807 at usb-:00:02.1-3,
high speed root@abnormal:/home/computation# lspci | grep Audio
01:01.0 Multimedia audio controller: ESS Technology
ES1938/ES1946/ES1969 Solo-1 Audiodrive (rev 01)


root@abnormal:/home/computation# lspci -v -01:01.0
lspci: invalid option -- '0'
Usage: lspci []

Basic display modes:
-mm Produce machine-readable output (single -m for an
obsolete format) -t  Show bus tree

Display options:
-v  Be verbose (-vv for very verbose)
-k  Show kernel drivers handling each device
-x  Show hex-dump of the standard part of the config space
-xxxShow hex-dump of the whole config space (dangerous;
root only) -   Show hex-dump of the 4096-byte extended
config space (root only) -b  Bus-centric view (addresses
and IRQ's as seen by the bus) -D  Always show domain numbers

Resolving of device ID's to names:
-n  Show numeric ID's
-nn Show both textual and numeric ID's (names & numbers)
-q  Query the PCI ID database for unknown ID's via DNS
-qq As above, but re-query locally cached entries
-Q  Query the PCI ID database for all ID's via DNS

Selection of devices:
-s ]:]]:][][.[]]   Show only devices in
selected slots -d []:[]Show
only devices with specified ID's

Other options:
-iUse specified ID database instead
of /usr/share/misc/pci.ids.gz -pLook up kernel modules 

NEWBIE question Re: static or dynamic /dev

2013-04-05 Thread Richard Owlett

Roger Leigh wrote:

On Fri, Apr 05, 2013 at 05:42:32AM -0700, sting wing wrote:

Question: how does a person know if their /dev is a static or dynamic /dev


What does it mean when /dev is said to be static? dynamic?
What should I be reading about?




% findmnt /dev
TARGET SOURCE   FSTYPE   OPTIONS
/dev   devtmpfs devtmpfs rw,size=249844k,nr_inodes=62461,mode=755

Unless you have taken very special steps to avoid it, you will
always have a dynamic /dev.  This has been the case for many
many years now.  udev uses a tmpfs mounted on /dev (and more
recently a devtmpfs mounted on /dev).

If there's nothing mounted on /dev, then you will have a static
/dev.  However, if using Linux, the chances of having a static
/dev on a contemporary system are vanishingly small--you'd have
to intentionally alter the boot scripts to avoid a dynamic /dev.





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Re: HELP: debian installer preseed network configuration.

2013-04-05 Thread Sam Su
Thank you so much for your suggestion, Bob.

Yes, I am using Ubuntu, I asked a similar question at ubuntu community but
nobody response, it looks like few of active Ubuntu users are interesting
for this topic. I also noticed that most of great posts about how to
preseed an ubuntu system are based on Debian preseed mechanism,  so I
thought this question maybe has already solved at debian community, that is
why I come here.

No mater what system, I am wondering has somebody successfully assigned a
static IP address with preseed "d-i netcfg" ?
Much appreciated if someone can give me a hint.

Thanks,
Sam


On Thu, Apr 4, 2013 at 9:31 PM, Bob Proulx  wrote:

> san su wrote:
> > I am trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 to a bare metal machine (client) by
> > a Cobbler server.
>
> Oops!  You sent this to debian-user instead of ubuntu-user!  But you
> are installing Ubuntu.
>
> Since you are trying to install Ubuntu I would send this to the
> ubuntu-us...@lists.ubuntu.com mailing list.
>
> > After the client machine was powered on, it can communicate with the
> Cobber
> > server and enter into Ubuntu installation, however the process will get
> > stuck at network configuration.
> > Here is the client error info:
> > http://www.use.com/8bc67ee30430d8fbaa4b
> >
> > Can someone please advise?
> > If need more info, please let me know.
>
> I think you are better off using dhcp in the installer.  It is much
> simpler.
>
> Try installing Debian Wheezy.  It is very near release.  Download the
> Debian 'netinst' image from this page and give it a go!
>
>   http://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst
>
> Good luck!
> Bob
>


Sound Problem

2013-04-05 Thread Stephen P. Molnar
64 bit Debian Wheezy/Testing.  I had to reinstall the OS duer to a HD
failure.  Sound worked prior to that.

computation@abnormal:~$ aplay -l
 List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices 
card 0: Solo1 [ESS ES1938 (Solo-1)], device 0: es-1938-1946 [ESS Solo-1]
  Subdevices: 2/2
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
  Subdevice #1: subdevice #1


When I run speaker-test I get the following:

computation@abnormal:~$ sudo speaker-test
[sudo] password for computation: 

speaker-test 1.0.25

Playback device is default
Stream parameters are 48000Hz, S16_LE, 1 channels
Using 16 octaves of pink noise
Rate set to 48000Hz (requested 48000Hz)
Buffer size range from 32 to 16384
Period size range from 32 to 16384
Using max buffer size 16384
Periods = 4
was set period_size = 4096
was set buffer_size = 16384
 0 - Front
Left Write error: -5,Input/output
error xrun_recovery failed: -5,Input/output
error Transfer failed: Operation not permitted  

I would appreciate a pointer to the solution.

Thanks in advance.

-- 
Stephen P. Molnar, Ph.D.Life is a fuzzy set
Foundation for ChemistryStochastic and multivariate
www.FoundationForChemistry.com
(614)312-7528 (c)
Skype:  smolnar1


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Re: network unrachable problem

2013-04-05 Thread basti
OT:

Thats important that is is a Raspi.
Look at the Raspberry forum you can found many posts about the wifi problem.
I also try to run the Raspi with wifi and give up.

On my system there are problems with wpa_supplicant, somthink like:
http://azitech.wordpress.com/2010/02/22/deauthenticating-reason3/

But I cant find a solution.


Am 05.04.2013 15:17, schrieb Tony van der Hoff:
> I have a (headless) SBC (actually a raspberry pi, but I think that's
> unimportant) running wheezy, with both wireless and wired networking
> interfaces, each with ipv4 and ipv6 addresses.
>
> When both are configured, all is well, and I can ping anywhere with both
> address families. If I now unplug the eth0 cable, one of the address
> families dies on the wireless side, but only beyond the router; i.e. I
> can ping and ping6 to the router, but can only ether ping or ping6 to
> google.com. The failing family responds with "network unreachable".
>
> If I now do "ifconfig eth0 down" my wan once again works correctly. I
> guess udev should be bringing down the eth0 automatically, but is not
> doing so.
>
> Any suggestions on how to fix this, please?
>


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network unrachable problem

2013-04-05 Thread Tony van der Hoff
I have a (headless) SBC (actually a raspberry pi, but I think that's
unimportant) running wheezy, with both wireless and wired networking
interfaces, each with ipv4 and ipv6 addresses.

When both are configured, all is well, and I can ping anywhere with both
address families. If I now unplug the eth0 cable, one of the address
families dies on the wireless side, but only beyond the router; i.e. I
can ping and ping6 to the router, but can only ether ping or ping6 to
google.com. The failing family responds with "network unreachable".

If I now do "ifconfig eth0 down" my wan once again works correctly. I
guess udev should be bringing down the eth0 automatically, but is not
doing so.

Any suggestions on how to fix this, please?

-- 
Tony van der Hoff| mailto:t...@vanderhoff.org
Buckinghamshire, England |


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Re: static or dynamic /dev

2013-04-05 Thread Roger Leigh
On Fri, Apr 05, 2013 at 05:42:32AM -0700, sting wing wrote:
> Question: how does a person know if their /dev is a static or dynamic /dev

% findmnt /dev
TARGET SOURCE   FSTYPE   OPTIONS
/dev   devtmpfs devtmpfs rw,size=249844k,nr_inodes=62461,mode=755

Unless you have taken very special steps to avoid it, you will
always have a dynamic /dev.  This has been the case for many
many years now.  udev uses a tmpfs mounted on /dev (and more
recently a devtmpfs mounted on /dev).

If there's nothing mounted on /dev, then you will have a static
/dev.  However, if using Linux, the chances of having a static
/dev on a contemporary system are vanishingly small--you'd have
to intentionally alter the boot scripts to avoid a dynamic /dev.


Regards,
Roger

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static or dynamic /dev

2013-04-05 Thread sting wing
Question: how does a person know if their /dev is a static or dynamic /dev

i am reading an how to article at
http://www.debian-administration.org/article/327/Monitoring_your_hardware's_temperature

and their are two instructs one for dynamic /dev
and the other for dynamic /dev

and i personally do not have any C or any Program or shell scripts monitoring 
the /dev directory with if or , or any constructs.
and i do not know if the Debian OS is playing dynamicly with /dev.

so
how does a person know if their default Debian Squeeze 6.0 is static or 
dynamic. 

Thanks in advance

ircd-hybrid

2013-04-05 Thread Lázaro

Hi all, I'm trying to run a ircd-hybrid listening in the 443 port but it
fail the binding because have not permission. My question... how could I
give permission 443 port binding's permission to the irc user?


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Re: Xen Domain0 keep rebooting on IBMx346

2013-04-05 Thread Andrew McGlashan
G'day Alan,

On 5/04/2013 5:57 PM, alan04 wrote:
> I saw your email
> :http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2011/03/msg00504.html, and hope to
> learn some infomation from you.
> 
> I have similar problem of IBM x346, with Xen 4.1.2(on Ubuntu 12.04), or
> Xen 4.1.3 (on Ubuntu 12.10).
> The domain0 always fail to boot and keep restarting, after loaded to
> "Domain0 have * vcpu" each time.
> 
> 10 seconds waiting seems not working for me. I would like to know if you
> have found some solution for this problem?


Below are my grub setup notes, I use:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="rootwait"





2. ## Fix Grub Settings ##

2.1 ### Fix grub setup so that the first kernel is a xen kernel (required).

# cd /etc/grub.d
#  ls -l /etc/grub.d
total 52
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6433 Jan 18 22:43 00_header
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5343 Jan 18 22:23 05_debian_theme
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4284 Jan 18 22:43 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4925 Jan 18 22:43 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5789 Jan 18 22:43 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  214 Jan 18 22:43 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   95 Jan 18 22:43 41_custom
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  483 Jan 18 22:43 README
# mv 10_linux 50_linux
#  ls -l /etc/grub.d
total 52
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6433 Jan 18 22:43 00_header
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5343 Jan 18 22:23 05_debian_theme
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4925 Jan 18 22:43 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5789 Jan 18 22:43 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  214 Jan 18 22:43 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   95 Jan 18 22:43 41_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4284 Jan 18 22:43 50_linux
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  483 Jan 18 22:43 README


2.2 ### Add entries to /etc/defalult/grub

# cat >> /etc/default/grub < Thank you!
> Alan Zheng

Cheers


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AndrewM

Andrew McGlashan
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