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Re: [pestlist] Fwd: Fumigating cabinets - bug infestation
Nitrogen is not totally inert, reacts with some metals that can be used as pigments.. Fungi acceleration is after opening the chamber, not in the chamber. More researchs needs to be done in this area, hopefully it will be. Bill In a message dated 10/13/2010 9:53:11 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time, step...@stephan-schaefer.com writes: Re: Choice of Argon vs. Nitrogen for the treatment and control of insect infestation In reference to the questionable statement, that inert gases other than argon are likely to foster fungal growth I think it is important to clarify some issues regarding the use of either gas for the control of insect pests and the influence on microbiological activity. First of all, both gases are entirely inert and scientific research has proven their full efficacy in eliminating all types of insect pests in all life stages (given that specific conditions are being maintained and controlled during treatment). Second, fungal germination and growth depends upon the substrate and ambient conditions. Actually, most of us will intuitively know that fungal and bacterial development only occurs at higher humidity levels and where there is lack of ventilation. Actually, the threshold level lies somewhere around 70% relative humidity. Below about 65% there is literally no risk for fungal and bacterial proliferation. My third and probably most important point is why nitrogen anoxia will foster fungal growth although it is known to be a strong inhibitor of microbiological activity?? From scientific research we only know, that some anaerobic microorganisms are able to survive under nitrogen anoxia conditions. The other more practical consideration is that during anoxia treatments, the humidity inside the bubble should always be controlled and certainly kept below 65% RH, so the likelihood of fungal growth inside the bubble under anoxic conditions is absolutely zero, whether nitrogen or argon is used. Furthermore, we are only speaking about a treatment period of approximately 30 days, the time needed to kill all insects in all developmental stages. Therefore, I think the issues of fungal growth are much more related to the environment and ambient conditions where the objects in question are being kept at all times, rather than the short period inside a bubble where they remain during an anoxic treatment and where conditions should be controlled anyway. In own experiments, where I sealed wet paper and books in gas barrier bags with Ageless oxygen absorbers, where the remaining gas is mainly nitrogen, no fungal growth was noticeable after about 50 days. The bags were kept at about 20 - 22 °C and the control that was sealed with atmospheric air inside has shown noticeable fungal and probably bacterial growth after about 72 hours. This in itself proves that fungal growth is not an issue with respect to the choice of the gas (argon or nitrogen) when considering anoxia treatment in order to eliminate insect pests. Additionally, it may be interesting to consider cost, as argon is a lot more expensive than nitrogen which is the most abundant gas in our atmosphere. I would be very interested in hearing other peoples comments on the subject. Stephan Schäfer STEPHAN SCHÄFER Conservação e Restauração ltda. Rua Manduri, 400 - Jd. Paulistano 01457-020 São Paulo, Brazil Tel./Fax: 00 xx 11 3816-0489 Cel: 00 xx 11 8366-0230 e-mail: _step...@stephan-schaefer.com_ (mailto:step...@stephan-schaefer.com) - - Prof. Dipl. Rest. Stephan Schäfer Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL) Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT) Departamento de Conservação Restauro 2829-516 Caparica - Lisboa PORTUGAL e-mail: _sc...@fct.unl.pt_ (mailto:sc...@fct.unl.pt) - At 19:22 08.10.2010, you wrote: Dear Dr. Diego; The most reasonable option is to use anoxic system, specially with argon protocol. This is due to the fact other inert gases are likely to foster fungal growth. Please give me a call when you can, and I'll be pleased to help you as I'm using argon's anoxia systems here in Brazil for over ten years. Best regards, Ulisses Mello, Dip. Cons., PG Art Care do Brasil Mobile: +55 21 98979074 Office: +55 21 25587749 2010/10/8 Revelez, Marcia A. _mreve...@ou.edu_ (mailto:mreve...@ou.edu) Forwarding this for a colleague. Please respond to Deigo (email below). Thanks! Marcia A. Revelez Collection Manager Department of Mammalogy Division of Collections and Research Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History University of Oklahoma 2401 Chautauqua Norman, OK 73072 Phone: 405-325-7988 Fax: 405-325-7699 Begin
Re: R: Re: [pestlist] Fwd: Fumigating cabinets - bug infestation
Argon is a by product of collecting nitrogen, no extra cost involved. Yes, nitrogen is used most often based on cost and easier to contain in a chamber. Nitrogen does not penetrate as well as argon, look at your periodic table for weights. Use your FTIR to test argon verses nitrogen on real Art objects. You will be surprised. Nitrogen chambers just like yours were being made by Rentokil long before you were involved 10 years ago. Nitrogen was used during the Second World War to kill insects and rodents in food sources. There are some references dating to 1890's in Australia using nitrogen for insects. It was a by product in ice making then. Rentokil followed Bob Koestler lectures before creating their nitrogen generator system. Look back at the research papers in the mid 1980's early 1990's full of information in the beginning years I have been working with anoxic chambers for 20+ years some of those years in a Conservation department at a major museum. Why is the United State Constitution the most important document in our history stored under argon not nitrogen gas? Do your research learn about the differences between argon and nitrogen its an interesting trip. I have about 5 years into the comparison still learning. Bill Art Care International In a message dated 10/13/2010 10:53:23 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time, rgi...@tiscali.it writes: The letter of Stephan Schaefer is simply perfect I have been the coordinator of the SAVE ART project of European Union and our team (Italy, Spain, Sweden and UK) has certified the anoxia method (Nitrogen) to eradicate insect pests carried ot by VELOXY equipment (VEry Low OXY). It was almost ten years ago and until now I never heard about microrganisms problems This is a matter of humidity. There is no difference among Argon and N2 to kill pests but there is a great difference in costs. Moreover, to separate Argon from air implies a great consumption of energy and to produce energy means pollution of environment. Ercole Gialdi (rgi...@tiscali.it) Messaggio originale Da: step...@stephan-schaefer.com Data: 13/10/2010 15.44 A: pestlist@museumpests.net Ogg: Re: [pestlist] Fwd: Fumigating cabinets - bug infestation Re: Choice of Argon vs. Nitrogen for the treatment and control of insect infestation In reference to the questionable statement, that inert gases other than argon are likely to foster fungal growth I think it is important to clarify some issues regarding the use of either gas for the control of insect pests and the influence on microbiological activity. First of all, both gases are entirely inert and scientific research has proven their full efficacy in eliminating all types of insect pests in all life stages (given that specific conditions are being maintained and controlled during treatment). Second, fungal germination and growth depends upon the substrate and ambient conditions. Actually, most of us will intuitively know that fungal and bacterial development only occurs at higher humidity levels and where there is lack of ventilation. Actually, the threshold level lies somewhere around 70% relative humidity. Below about 65% there is literally no risk for fungal and bacterial proliferation. My third and probably most important point is why nitrogen anoxia will foster fungal growth although it is known to be a strong inhibitor of microbiological activity?? From scientific research we only know, that some anaerobic microorganisms are able to survive under nitrogen anoxia conditions. The other more practical consideration is that during anoxia treatments, the humidity inside the bubble should always be controlled and certainly kept below 65% RH, so the likelihood of fungal growth inside the bubble under anoxic conditions is absolutely zero, whether nitrogen or argon is used. Furthermore, we are only speaking about a treatment period of approximately 30 days, the time needed to kill all insects in all developmental stages. Therefore, I think the issues of fungal growth are much more related to the environment and ambient conditions where the objects in question are being kept at all times, rather than the short period inside a bubble where they remain during an anoxic treatment and where conditions should be controlled anyway. In own experiments, where I sealed wet paper and books in gas barrier bags with Ageless oxygen absorbers, where the remaining gas is mainly nitrogen, no fungal growth was noticeable after about 50 days. The bags were kept at about 20 - 22 °C and the control that was sealed with atmospheric air inside has shown noticeable fungal and probably bacterial growth after about 72 hours. This in itself proves that fungal growth is not an issue with respect to the choice of the gas (argon or nitrogen) when considering anoxia
Re: [pestlist]
Wood should not be frozen, it can crack. You may also lose part of the painted surface due to expansion and contraction. In this case anoxic treatment is a better choice, less shock. Bill ACI In a message dated 6/9/2010 1:33:22 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, aa...@mindspring.com writes: This is a message from the Pest Management Database List. To post to this list send it as an email to pestlist@museumpests.net To unsubscribe please look at the footer of this email. --- I need some info asap. My question is about low-temperature treatment of icons - egg tempera on wooden panels. I would like to hear from anyone who has done freezing on these or similar items - polychrome sculpture, for example - and how it turned out. Any signs of enhanced cracking? Any indications of the thoroughness of the kill? Many thanks. Barbara Appelbaum -- Appelbaum Himmelstein 444 Central Park West New York, NY 10025 Conservation of Works of Art 212-666-4630 aa...@mindspring.com www.AandHconservation.org - To send an email to the list, send your msg to pestl...@museumpests.com To unsubscribe from this list send an email to imail...@museumpests.net and in the body put: unsubscribe pestlist Any problems email l...@zaks.com
Re: [pestlist] detecting woodborers
With training a stethoscope can be used. You need to discern background noise from insect sounds. Most of us have lazy ears. Freezing and warming cycles are not good for wood Art, specially mixed media. Mixed media has different contraction rates, does not respond well to dramatic temperature change. Some will say they did it without consequences, may be luck. You need to understand the risk and how much you are willing to gamble. CO2 measurements can be obtained down to parts per billion. You can use this method to monitor one insect in an object. It does take time and experience. With newly developed equipments times have been cut to a few hours. Ten years ago almost 8 hours on a FTIR. With good equipment a CO2 analyzer balanced with a O2 analyzer can offer some results without an FTIR. Bill ACI In a message dated 5/21/2010 4:42:41 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, bugma...@aol.com writes: Katie - Hydrogen phosphide is not a good penetrator of wood for control of ppbs. If the items are small a freezing process, followed by a warming, then plunging the materials again into freezing will elimiinate active infestations in wood. The first time do it at -20 degress F for 72 hours; then warm the object up to room temperature, then freeze 'em again for 3 days at -20 degress F. Your problem will be elimanated. Tom Parker -Original Message- From: Katie Fisher kfis...@glenbow.org To: pestlist@museumpests.net pestlist@museumpests.net Sent: Fri, May 21, 2010 2:02 pm Subject: [pestlist] detecting woodborers Hi, My name is Katie Fisher and I’m the new Pest Control Technician at the Glenbow Museum. I just wanted to ask a somewhat out-there question regarding the detection of wood borers… this museum has been battling Powderpost Beetles for quite a while. Every 5 or so years a new wave will appear, a large-scale treatment process will happen (phosphene), but it just doesn’t seem to be effective in getting rid of the Powderpost population. Since it takes years for them to exit the wood, I feel like I’m somewhat just twiddling my thumbs in the meantime, wondering if the last treatment did the trick. A friend suggested that I might be able to use a stethoscope to hear the larva inside the wood… does anyone do this, to detect woodborers? Does anyone think it would be at all effective in hearing them? Cheers, Katie Katie Fisher Pest Control Technician Glenbow Museum 130-9th Avenue S.E. Calgary, Alberta T2G 0P3 Tel (403) 268-4235 Fax (403) 265-9769 inline: image001.png
Re: [pestlist] Drywood Termites
Anoxic treatment on a building is very possible. Grain silos were purged with nitrogen during the Second World War preventing food lose to rodent and insect populations. Textiles from 1890's have changed color under Vikane, off white to a yellow white from the acids. Most companies will tell you your Art is safe, not always true. Bill ACI In a message dated 5/20/2010 3:10:18 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, toplad...@gmail.com writes: Many years ago conservation scientist Jim Duizak at the Getty Conservation Institute did research on Vikane and found that the commercial formulation contained residual organic acids that would tarnish and etch metals and affect other acid sensitive materials. I talked to Jim about it and he told me that the lab-grade Vikane was free of the acids but was too expensive to use commercially. He recommended removing acid-sensitive collections before the fumigation of a whole historic house with a commercial Vikane treatment. I understand that Vikane is considered useful when a whole structure requires fumigation / eradication such as with a termite infestation in the structure. It does have deep penetration and once done and the tenting removed it does not leave toxic residues. I have not heard of an anoxic treatment for a whole building - is it even possible? What are the alternatives to the use of Vikane for a termite infested building? Cheers! Dave David Harvey Senior Conservator and Museum Consultant Los Angeles, CA On Thu, May 20, 2010 at 10:43 AM, _bugma...@aol.com_ (mailto:bugma...@aol.com) wrote: Kristen - Vikane gas, as it comes in its cylinder, has impurities in it, which may damage collection materials. It certainly will tarnish silver and certain other metals. It has amazing penetrating properties and therefore would not be able to be confined to the lobby area of the museum. I like the dog suggestion; however, if they're in the ceiling or walls, a dog would not be able to detect them. In California, with small infestations, a type of ray-emitting gun is used to fry 'em in their galleries. I don't know if anyone in Florida uses this device. I agree with Mr. Louche - research, research. A lot can go wrong with a Vikane fumigation. Thomas A. Parker, PhD President, Entomologist Pest Control Services, Inc. -Original Message- From: Kristen Zimmerman _kzimmer...@cummer.org_ (mailto:kzimmer...@cummer.org) To: _pestl...@museumpests.net_ (mailto:pestlist@museumpests.net) _pestl...@museumpests.net_ (mailto:pestlist@museumpests.net) Sent: Thu, May 20, 2010 9:48 am Subject: [pestlist] Drywood Termites Hi All, I am seeking advice on a termite problem we are having at my museum. We have determined that we have drywood termites infested in the front lobby of our museum. Our extermination company of course wants to fumigate the entire museum. We know that this not possible, so my questions are as follows: The exterminator wants to use Vikane Gas. Is this the correct gas to use? Will it harm artwork if the gas leaked into a gallery? Is t his the proper way to exterminate drywood termintes? This is definitely not something that we have ever had to deal with before, so any suggestions on how to fix this infestation would be greatly appreciated. Thanks, Kristen Kristen Zimmerman Registrar The Cummer Museum of Art Gardens 829 Riverside Avenue Jacksonville, FL 32204 direct: 904.899.6020 fax: 904.353.4101 To engage and inspire, through arts, gardens and education.
Re: [pestlist] can anyone help
Is there frass ( powder or grains) , holes, soft spots or rot in any of the wooden objects? Any prior infestation? Have you ever found wings in the general area? Do you have sticky traps to monitor any activity? It is easier to associate damage to a particular insect than to identify an insect by parts. I would continue to monitor the objects on a frequent basses until a determination is made. Bill In a message dated 12/12/2009 3:10:07 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, taisl...@hotmail.com writes: I understand I will take another one under the microscope and will send asap. Cheers. Date: Sat, 12 Dec 2009 15:34:12 -0200 Subject: Re: [pestlist] can anyone help From: ume...@gmail.com To: pestlist@museumpests.net Tais; It's hard to understand the image. Can you make a close up / macro? Ulisses Mello 2009/12/12 tais lima _taisl...@hotmail.com_ (mailto:taisl...@hotmail.com) I took some samples from a wooden object and found this. Does anyone recognize this??? I am not sure if is the whole body or if is just the head. Thank's Quer conexões de rede mais fácil? _Clique e conheça o Windows 7._ (http://www.microsoft.com/brasil/windows7/default.html?WT.mc_id=1539) Quer conexões de rede mais fácil? _Clique e conheça o Windows 7.._ (http://www.microsoft.com/brasil/windows7/default.html?WT.mc_id=1539) =
Re: [pestlist] Grant for Walk-in Freezer/ CO2 Bubble
You would be better off with an anoxic system that allows you to make any chamber size. The systems I make allow you treat one book or 100,000 books at one time. The system is portable and reads below 20 ppm for mold issues. I have been doing anoxic treatment for museums, institutions and universities since 1994 Bill Art Care International In a message dated 10/2/2009 5:26:20 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, bridget.s...@dmns.org writes: If anyone is replying with specs and pricing about a CO2 chamber, would you please reply to the list? I am interested in this information as well.. Thanks very much, Bridget Sabo BRIDGET SABO CONSERVATION TECHNICIAN (http://www.dmns.org/) bridget.s...@dmns.org W 303.370.8399 F 303.370.6313 _Join the Museum’s Online Community_ (http://community.dmns.org/content/OnlineCommunity.aspx) _www..dmns.org_ (mip://0658eee8/www.dmns.org) P Please consider the environment before deciding to print this e-mail. From: pestlist-ow...@museumpests.net [mailto:pestlist-ow...@museumpests.net] On Behalf Of Crumpton, Trey Sent: Friday, October 02, 2009 2:26 PM To: pestlist@museumpests.net Subject: [pestlist] Grant for Walk-in Freezer/ CO2 Bubble I am looking into writing a grant for a walk-in freezer and/or a CO2 chamber to treat a large number of history and natural history objects (I am considering a permanent apparatus that would be kept around for future use by the museum, though a portable unit is always an option). I was wondering if anyone has gone through this process recently, or would have specs and pricing on such items. I’d like to have some insight into issues or problems involved (i.e. finding a freezer that can get down to -25 and stay there).. Any comments will be appreciated, Trey Crumpton Assistant Collections Manager Mayborn Museum Complex Baylor University One Bear Place #97154 Waco, Texas 76798-7154 (254) 710-1190 Fax: (254) 710-1173 _www.maybornmuseum.com_ (http://www.maybornmuseum.com/) inline: image001.jpg
Re: [pestlist] Pests and a Contemporary Installation
Megan, The branches will need to be treated no matter what country they come from. Freezing does not always work. I re treated with anoxic treatment many branch items that were frozen to prevent infestation. Synthetic branches you may want to consider treatment as well depending on material. Bill ACI In a message dated 10/1/2009 12:20:38 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, megan.em...@cincyart.org writes: This is a message from the Pest Management Database List. To post to this list send it as an email to pestlist@museumpests.net To unsubscribe please look at the footer of this email. --- Hello everyone, I am cross-posting this query to both OSG and the Pest-list as I hope to find an answer to this dilemma soon. Our Curator of Dec Arts Design approached me yesterday with a proposal from the designers the Campana Brothers. At the request of our institution, they have proposed the design for an installation in our temporary exhibition space for Contemporary Art. They would like to fill the room with bare tree branches- on the walls, floor, hanging from the ceiling, etc and then place permanent collection objects throughout, including a carved bedroom set, fashion arts, ceramics, paintings, and so on. My initial reaction to the curator was that this could work, but that the branches would have to be bagged and frozen prior to arrival at the museum. We do not have a freezer for collections, therefore it would have to take place off-site and for an unknown expense. My suggestions have not been received well by some. Since the designers are located in Brazil, we also don't know where the branches will be coming from. Is it possible to purchase treated bare branches? I assumed freezing would be the low-cost option, but am I overlooking another treatment? Or am I overreacting to the potential pest hazard of bringing a large number of tree branches into the museum? The curator is drafting a contract as I type this, and I would like to include some requirements if possible. If anyone has had experience working with artists using large quantities of fresh organics in a museum setting, or if you have a solution to de-bugging the branches, I would be grateful for any tips, advice, or suggestions! Thank you so much! Megan Megan J. Emery Assistant Conservator of Objects cincinnati art museum 953 Eden Park Drive Cincinnati, OH 45202 t: (513) 639-2869 f: (513) 639 2996 megan.em...@cincyart.org - To send an email to the list, send your msg to pestl...@museumpests.com To unsubscribe from this list send an email to imail...@zaks.net and in the body put: unsubscribe pestlist Any problems email l...@zaks.com
Re: [pestlist] Carpet beetle
If you had an infestation in the past you may not have contained it. Carpet beetle will hide under base boards, flooring and in walls where dust accumulates. The new carpeting and drapes should have been monitored before installation. Many new items come infested from manufacture, warehouses, shippers or from retail outlets. Diligence in cleaning is your best weapon. Others will offer solutions involving organic and inorganic chemicals, baited traps etc Some will help others will aggravate the problem. One solution, remove all the Art, anoxic treat and clean, heat the building and contents to 140 degrees. Bill ACI In a message dated 9/24/2009 12:25:24 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, cgard...@mdah.state.ms.us writes: This is a message from the Pest Management Database List. To post to this list send it as an email to pestlist@museumpests.net To unsubscribe please look at the footer of this email. --- We have carpet beetles at one of our sites that has recently reopened. We thought we had it under control, but yesterday the curtains in one room were covered in larvae. What is the best way to treat carpet beetles and larvae for an entire building? The museum has three floors with artifacts on all three floors. So far the problem is contained to the reproduction carpet and curtains and has not bothered the few textiles on exhibit. Thanks for any advice. -- Cindy Gardner Director of Collections, Museum Division Project Liaison, Museum of Mississippi History Mississippi Department of Archives and History P.O. Box 571 Jackson, MS 39205-0571 Telephone: 601/576-6901 Facsimile: 601/576-6815 Email: cgard...@mdah.state.ms.us - To send an email to the list, send your msg to pestl...@museumpests.com To unsubscribe from this list send an email to imail...@zaks.net and in the body put: unsubscribe pestlist Any problems email l...@zaks.com
Re: [pestlist] moths and carpet beetles
_http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/factsheets/permethrin_fs.htm_
(http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/factsheets/permethrin_fs.htm)A good idea
to read
before use.
Bill
In a message dated 7/9/2009 9:48:08 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
forr...@saintaubinbce.com writes:
Lisa, there are several formulations of permethrin insecticide that are
labeled for use on clothing. There are also several lines of outdoor and
sports clothing impregnated with permethrin. Permethrin is used extensively
by the armed forces and, properly applied, will withstand several washing
before reapplication is necessary.
Permethrin would be ideal for use in a working collection, such as
theatre, as well as for museum storage.
When applying permethrin, only apply to clothing, never directly to the
skin..
Forrest E. St. Aubin, BCE
Chair, ESA-ACE Oversight Committee
Liaison, ESA/NPMA
12835 Pembroke Circle
Leawood, Kansas 66209
Phone: 913.927.9588
Fax: 913.345.8008
E-mail: forr...@saintaubinbce.com
Website: www.saintaubinbce.com
Procrastination is opportunity's assassin.
Victor Kiam, entrepreneur
1926-2001
-Original Message-
From: Lisa Shockley [shock...@unionstation.org]
Date: 07/01/2009 06:36 PM
To: pestlist@museumpests.net
Subject: RE: [pestlist] moths and carpet beetles
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---
Suggestion:
Check the MSDS in detail.
It sounds as if the collection is worn or has the possibility of being
worn.
If treated with such a residual pesticide, make certain it is safe for
human contact for hours under very warm moist (sweaty) conditions. If
it is, I would be very much interested in knowing what the chemical is.
Lisa Shockley, Curatorial Specialist, 3-D Collections
Union Station/Kansas City Museum
30 W. Pershing Road
Kansas City, MO 64108
816-460-2055
Where there is Peace; there is Culture;
Where there is Culture; there is Peace.
Nicholas Roerich (1874-1947
-Original Message-
From: _pestlist-ow...@museumpests.net_
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[mailto:_pestlist-ow...@museumpests.net_
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] On Behalf Of Cindy Gardner
Sent: Wednesday, July 01, 2009 2:33 PM
To: _pestl...@museumpests.net_
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Subject: [pestlist] moths and carpet beetles
This is a message from the Pest Management Database List.
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---
Hello Everyone,
I apologize for this long-winded email. A local university has asked me
for some help involving a pest infestation in a costume collection and I
thought I would ask you. This is not a museum collection but a
working collection that is used in the theater program, etc; however,
it is comprised of period clothing from the 20th century. There are
about 1900 hanging textiles and another 2000 in boxes, and they are kept
in a 12' X 60' room.
When the collection first came to them, it showed evidence of
moth/carpet beetle damage. At the suggestion of an entomologist, the
most vulnerable items in the collection were frozen, the wool and silk
items were vacuumed with a mesh screen, and the room that houses the
collection was periodically fogged with a fabric safe pesticide.
However, the infestation has returned. An exterminating company has
recommended treating the room with a long lasting micro-encapsulated
chemical using controlled release technology to be done on a regular
basis for a year in 3 month intervals.
Are there any other options or suggestions to be considered before this
chemical treatment of the room? Bear in mind, this is not a museum
collection, and the logistics and cost of freezing the almost 4000 items
prohibits freezing the entire collection.
THANKS!
--
Cindy Gardner
Director of Collections, Museum Division
Project Liaison, Museum of Mississippi History
Mississippi Department of Archives and History
P.O. Box 571
Jackson, MS 39205-0571
Telephone: 601/576-6901
Facsimile: 601/576-6815
Email: _cgard...@mdah.state.ms.us_
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