Reg strip_tags function in Python.
Dear All, In Php I can use strip_tags() function to strip out all html tags. I want to know that strip_tags() equivalent function in Python. regards praba Yahoo! India Matrimony: Find your life partner online Go to: http://yahoo.shaadi.com/india-matrimony -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Found python for delphi new web site
I didn't either since it needs some components to be installed. I will surely try playing with the source. It should be a lot easier to customerize than other IDEs. I just installed the binary http://mmm-experts.com/Downloads.aspx?ProductId=4 It does have code insight in the interpreter, but not in the editor like SPE etc. Also, I could not figure what the shortcut for code completion is. Should not be a problem once I compile the source since it uses SynEdit. The debugger feels very nice (Window layout wise. Visual Studio-ish feel). Better than PythonWin even, though it doesn't do anything new as far as I can tell. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Array programming
Hi there, I couldnt get to do the following task using Python. Can some pls suggest me a way to do this. I have an array with duplicate strings filled in it. Now am looking for a way to extract only the DISTINCT Values from that array. Could some one pls help me out. Thanks in advance, Sekhar -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Array programming
V.C.Sekhar wrote: Hi there, I couldnt get to do the following task using Python. Can some pls suggest me a way to do this. I have an array with duplicate strings filled in it. Now am looking for a way to extract only the DISTINCT Values from that array. Could some one pls help me out. Thanks in advance, Sekhar try use set or frozenset, if you use python2.4 or try sets.Set or sets.ImmutableSet, if you use python2.3 import sets s = sets.Set([1,1,2,3,2,4]) for x in s: print x 1 2 3 4 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Reg strip_tags function in Python.
On Saturday 07 May 2005 01:25 am, praba kar wrote: In Php I can use strip_tags() function to strip out all html tags. I want to know that strip_tags() equivalent function in Python. AFAIK, there's no such thing in the standard library, however there is a very nice pure python module called stripogram which provides functions both for completely stripping HTML and for allowing a subset of it (if, for example, you would like to keep bold and italic formatting, but nothing else). Just google for stripogram, it's hosted at zope.org. -- Terry Hancock ( hancock at anansispaceworks.com ) Anansi Spaceworks http://www.anansispaceworks.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Encryption with Python?
Blake T. Garretson wrote: I want to save some sensitive data (passwords, PIN numbers, etc.) to disk in a secure manner in one of my programs. What is the easiest/best way to accomplish strong file encryption in Python? Any modern block cipher will do: AES, Blowfish, etc. I'm not looking for public key stuff; I just want to provide a pass-phrase. I found a few modules out there, but they seem to be all but abandoned. Most seem to have died several years ago. The most promising package is A.M. Kuchling's Python Cryptography Toolkit (http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html). Is this the defacto Python encryption solution? What does everyone else use? Any other suggestions? The SSLCrypto package (http://www.freenet.org.nz/python/SSLCrypto/) may be a good alternative too, but I am not sure if it is actively maintained. Thanks, Blake There's a DES implementation at http://home.pacific.net.au/~twhitema/des.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to create email distribution list in yahoo mail?
How to create email distribution list in yahoo mail? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to create email distribution list in yahoo mail?
egelendu wrote: How to create email distribution list in yahoo mail? This is a mailing list/newsgroup for the Python programming language. Questions about Yahoo Mail should go somewhere else. -- Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] In the fields of hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. -- Richard Harter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Encryption with Python?
I rolled my own for relatively short sequences, like passwords. The key is an integer. To decrypt use the negative encryption key. I consider the encryption unbreakable, as it is indistinguishable from a random sequence. Frederic ### def crypt (sequence, key): import random sign = (key 0) * 2 - 1 random.seed (abs (key * sign)) s = '' for i in xrange (len (sequence)): r = random.randint (0, 255) s += chr ((ord (sequence [i]) + r * sign) % 256) return s ### If unauthrorized use of the machine is a concern, crypt might not be an appropriate name for the function. To help an intruder understand it, a doc string such as the following one might be useful: def cyrep (sequence, key): Cyclic Redundancy Preprocessor Cyclic redundancy checks often fail to differentiate relatively short sequences that contain sequences of binary zeroes of different length. This preporcessor applies a keyed randomizing filter to improve the capability of the cyclic redundancy algorithm. Use the output of this function as input to a CRC routine. Negative keys cannot be used. If passed they are positivized rather than rejected. ### - Original Message - From: Blake T. Garretson [EMAIL PROTECTED] Newsgroups: comp.lang.python To: python-list@python.org Sent: Thursday, May 05, 2005 10:20 PM Subject: Encryption with Python? I want to save some sensitive data (passwords, PIN numbers, etc.) to disk in a secure manner in one of my programs. What is the easiest/best way to accomplish strong file encryption in Python? Any modern block cipher will do: AES, Blowfish, etc. I'm not looking for public key stuff; I just want to provide a pass-phrase. I found a few modules out there, but they seem to be all but abandoned. Most seem to have died several years ago. The most promising package is A.M. Kuchling's Python Cryptography Toolkit (http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html). Is this the defacto Python encryption solution? What does everyone else use? Any other suggestions? The SSLCrypto package (http://www.freenet.org.nz/python/SSLCrypto/) may be a good alternative too, but I am not sure if it is actively maintained. Thanks, Blake -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Encryption with Python?
Anthra Norell [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I rolled my own for relatively short sequences, like passwords. The key is an integer. To decrypt use the negative encryption key. I consider the encryption unbreakable, as it is indistinguishable from a random sequence. You're using the built-in random module which is designed to provide only statistical randomness and not cryptographic security. It should not be used for encryption. The math paper describing the function is quite clear about that. There is a lot of subtlety to this stuff and it's easy to make mistakes even if you know what you're doing. Even using well-tested block ciphers (various people mentioned DES, AES, and Blowfish modules) it's easy to make mistakes in choosing operation modes, thinking you don't need authentication when you really do, etc., etc. The book Practical Cryptography by Bruce Schneier and Niels Ferguson is worth looking at if you want to see what you're getting yourself into. I hate to come across as plugging my own stuff too much, but http://www.nightsong.com/phr/crypto/p3.py is designed to take care of most of the tricky issues for you while still having a very simple interface, and also be reasonably fast (much faster for large messages than any of the pure Python block cipher modules). Just use p3_encrypt(plain) to encrypt and p3_decrypt(cipher) to decrypt. The main penalty you pay is that the ciphertext is a couple dozen bytes longer than the plaintext. There are cryptographically important reasons for that; don't try to escape it without knowing exactly what's going on. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: py2exe + svn - the final drama
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], David Bolen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Just [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: the zipimport module has an attr called _zip_directory_cache, which is a dict you can .clear(). Still, reloading modules is hairy at best, its probably easiest to relaunch your app when the .zip file has changed. Except that he's getting an error during the process exit of the current execution, which is needed to restart. And if he updates to a different copy, there's the bootstrap problem of how to get it back into the standard location for the next restart since his application will need to have it to restart in the first place. Right. It sounds like a module is imported at exit that wasn't imported before. If that's the case, it may help to make sure all modules needed for exit are imported beforehand. Just -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Encryption with Python?
Anthra Norell wrote: I rolled my own for relatively short sequences, like passwords. The key is an integer. To decrypt use the negative encryption key. I consider the encryption unbreakable, as it is indistinguishable from a random sequence. Frederic ### def crypt (sequence, key): import random sign = (key 0) * 2 - 1 random.seed (abs (key * sign)) s = '' for i in xrange (len (sequence)): r = random.randint (0, 255) s += chr ((ord (sequence [i]) + r * sign) % 256) return s The mind boggles. You do realize that if I have two ciphertexts encrypted with the same key, I can subtract them? Then I have a sequence, that while not immediately readable, is just a straightforward combination of the two plaintexts without any encryption. This function is also vulnerable to a chosen-plaintext attack. The underlying PRNG is definitely not suitable for cryptographic applications. The documentation even says so! http://docs.python.org/lib/module-random.html However, being completely deterministic, it is not suitable for all purposes, and is completely unsuitable for cryptographic purposes. Do yourself a favor and don't try to roll your own cryptographic functions. Do everyone else a favor and don't call something unbreakable unless you actually have the domain expertise to make that determination. And do read _Practical Cryptography_. -- Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] In the fields of hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. -- Richard Harter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: handling more databases with ZEO
You should take a look at http://www.zope.org/Wikis/ZODB/FrontPage/guide/index.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Encryption with Python?
Thanks a lot for the feedback. This is certainly a great learning experience. It's a fascinating topic too. Without wishing to annoy, I'd be interested in knowing more. I insert questions below. - Original Message - From: Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: python-list@python.org Sent: Saturday, May 07, 2005 11:11 AM Subject: Re: Encryption with Python? Anthra Norell wrote: I rolled my own for relatively short sequences, like passwords. The key is an integer. To decrypt use the negative encryption key. I consider the encryption unbreakable, as it is indistinguishable from a random sequence. Frederic ### def crypt (sequence, key): import random sign = (key 0) * 2 - 1 random.seed (abs (key * sign)) s = '' for i in xrange (len (sequence)): r = random.randint (0, 255) s += chr ((ord (sequence [i]) + r * sign) % 256) return s The mind boggles. You do realize that if I have two ciphertexts encrypted with the same key, I can subtract them? Then I have a sequence, that while not immediately readable, is just a straightforward combination of the two plaintexts without any encryption. How do you know the same key was used? What if the messages aren't the same length? How does one reconstruct either or both of two messages from their difference? This function is also vulnerable to a chosen-plaintext attack. The underlying PRNG is definitely not suitable for cryptographic applications. The documentation even says so! What is a plain-text attack? Is it you give me a plain text. I encrypt it using the same keys and hand you the result? Would I comply with the request? http://docs.python.org/lib/module-random.html However, being completely deterministic, it is not suitable for all purposes, and is completely unsuitable for cryptographic purposes. The logic escapes me if it is understood to mean that cryptography, in order to be usable, has to be indeterministic. If, however, it is meant to suggest that it is the reversible, direct one-on-one relation between all the characters of a plain text and its encryption that falls short of state-of-the-art technology, I'd have no problem with that. That doesn't mean, however, that an exercise is required to measure up to state-of-the-art standards in order to be taken seriously. I do invent my own solutions for simple problems. I find it more challenging than stalking other people's solutions how ever superior and typically it also saves me time. It is not my ambition to excel in any field, nor to flaunt my erudition. It is my ambition to satisfy the requirements of a given task. And this, I think, my solution does. I can be wrong and if so, I'd appreciate being proven wrong. I have now received well-meaning advice for which I am grateful. But I haven't been proven wrong. I claim that my solution satisfies the requirements of the task at hand and challenge anyone to prove the contrary. You can meet the challenge by deciphering the following tiny message, knowing now the encryption method, which in practice would not be known and, as it seems, would hardly be suspected by deciphering experts for its amateurishness. Do yourself a favor and don't try to roll your own cryptographic functions. Do everyone else a favor and don't call something unbreakable unless you actually have the domain expertise to make that determination. Here's the challenge. Prove this breakable '\x10\x88d\x1d\xba\xa1\xdcK\x05w\x02/s\xa7Q0\xeb8\xb6Gx\xef\xcb\x1e=\xf5\x7f \x9bI\xcb(\x87\xa5\x04\xc1soF\xfd\xc6\xc6\xd9|\x971\xdb\xcdT\tw#\x86a\xdc\x b8P\xfb=n\xda\x80\x9f\x84m\x12\x98\x98\xca=o\x0b\x8e\x08O\xb7\x0b\x04SC\x96\ xc7\xab*\x0b\x996\x06\x86\x83(\x8dQ\x9eG\x8f$\xb2x)\xa9fv\x0c1B\x9b\r\xde\xf fc\x08' When you give up we may try a plain-text attack. Okay? And do read _Practical Cryptography_. I certainly will. -- Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] In the fields of hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. -- Richard Harter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Encryption with Python?
What machine did you say that was, again? Jim -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Q: The `print' statement over Unicode
[Thomas Heller] François Pinard [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: [...] given file `question.py' with this contents: # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- texte = unicode(Fran\xe7ois, 'latin1') print type(texte), repr(texte), texte print type(texte), repr(texte), str(texte) doing `python question.py' yields: type 'unicode' u'Fran\xe7ois' François type 'unicode' u'Fran\xe7ois' Traceback (most recent call last): File question.py, line 4, in ? print type(texte), repr(texte), str(texte) UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe7' \ in position 4: ordinal not in range(128) [...] why is the first `print' working over its third argument, but not the second? How does `print' convert that Unicode string to a 8-bit string for output, if not through `str()'? What is missing to the documentation, or to my way of understanding it? AFAIK, print uses sys.stdout.encoding to encode the unicode string. Much thanks for this information. I was not aware of this file attribute. Looking around, I found a quick description in the Library Reference, under 2.3.8 File Objects. However, I did not find in the documentation the rules stating how or when this attribute receives a value, and in particular here, for the case of `sys.stdout'. The Reference Manual, under 6.6 The print statement, is silent about how Unicode strings are handled. Am I looking in the wrong places, or else, should not the standard documentation more handily explain such things? -- François Pinard http://pinard.progiciels-bpi.ca -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Need help subclassing Borg
I've been working with the Borg design pattern from here:
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/66531
and I'm having problems subclassing it.
I'm a newbie, so I've probably missed something obvious.
I want two Borg-like classes where all instances share state within each
class, but not between them. This is what I tried:
py class Borg:
py _shared_state = {}
py def __init__(self):
py self.__dict__ = self._shared_state
py
py class Duck(Borg):
py def __init__(self):
py Borg.__init__(self)
py self.covering = feathers # all ducks are feathered
py
py class Rabbit(Borg):
py def __init__(self):
py Borg.__init__(self)
py self.covering = fur # all rabbits are furry
py
py bugs = Bunny(); daffy = Duck()
py daffy.covering
'feathers'
py bugs.covering
'feathers'
Not what I wanted or expected. What I wanted was for the subclasses Rabbit
and Duck to each inherit Borg-like behaviour, but not to share state with
any other Borgs. In other words, all Ducks share state, and all Rabbits
share state, but Ducks and Rabbits do not share state with each other.
I now see why Ducks and Rabbits are sharing state: they both share the
same __dict__ as all Borg instances. But I don't see how to get the
behaviour I want. (Except by cutting and pasting the Borg code into each
one.) Can anyone help?
Thanks,
Steven.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Encryption with Python?
Anthra Norell [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Thanks a lot for the feedback. This is certainly a great learning experience. It's a fascinating topic too. Without wishing to annoy, I'd be interested in knowing more. I insert questions below. There is a lot of information about the issues on the net. Before asking questions, isn't it better to make some research? For example, your last question is perfectly answered here: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/cryptography-faq/part02/ 2.3. How do I present a new encryption scheme in sci.crypt? ``I just came up with this neat method of encryption. Here's some ciphertext: FHDSIJOYW^[EMAIL PROTECTED] Is it strong?'' Without a doubt questions like this are the most annoying traffic on sci.crypt. ... I'd suggest you to start your education here before you invent yet another simple solutions for a complex problem: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/cryptography-faq/part01/ HTH. -- Sergei. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: Array programming
Thank you, Sakesun. -Original Message- From: Sakesun Roykiattisak [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Saturday, May 07, 2005 12:17 PM To: V.C.Sekhar Cc: python-list@python.org Subject: Re: Array programming V.C.Sekhar wrote: Hi there, I couldnt get to do the following task using Python. Can some pls suggest me a way to do this. I have an array with duplicate strings filled in it. Now am looking for a way to extract only the DISTINCT Values from that array. Could some one pls help me out. Thanks in advance, Sekhar try use set or frozenset, if you use python2.4 or try sets.Set or sets.ImmutableSet, if you use python2.3 import sets s = sets.Set([1,1,2,3,2,4]) for x in s: print x 1 2 3 4 __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Mail - Find what you need with new enhanced search. http://info.mail.yahoo.com/mail_250 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Outlook-Python Issue
Hi there, Can any one please help in getting me Python-Outlook programming issue clarified. I just wanted to do the following using Python: 1)Open a New Oulook Mail Window 2) Fill the field: to-email address and Write some body to it.(I DONt want to send it automatically) Thats all. But, I am getting an error when I try to initiate the MAPI-Session using object = win32com.client.Dispatch(Outlook.Application) ns = object.GetNamespace(MAPI) mapi = win32com.client.dynamic.Dispatch(MAPI.session) Error I see is : File C:\Program Files\GNU\WinCvs 2.0\Macros\TemplateCvsMacro.py, line 140, in SendMAPIMail mapi = win32com.client.Dispatch(MAPI.session) File C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\win32com\client\__init__.py, line 95, in Dispatch dispatch, userName = dynamic._GetGoodDispatchAndUserName(dispatch,userName,clsctx) File C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py, line 91, in _GetGoodDispatchAndUserName return (_GetGoodDispatch(IDispatch, clsctx), userName) File C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py, line 79, in _GetGoodDispatch IDispatch = pythoncom.CoCreateInstance(IDispatch, None, clsctx, pythoncom.IID_IDispatch) pywintypes.com_error: (-2147221005, 'Invalid class string', None, None) Can any one please help me in this regard. Thanks, Sekhar __Do You Yahoo!?Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Encryption with Python?
Anthra Norell wrote: Thanks a lot for the feedback. This is certainly a great learning experience. It's a fascinating topic too. Without wishing to annoy, I'd be interested in knowing more. I insert questions below. - Original Message - From: Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: python-list@python.org Sent: Saturday, May 07, 2005 11:11 AM Subject: Re: Encryption with Python? Anthra Norell wrote: I rolled my own for relatively short sequences, like passwords. The key is an integer. To decrypt use the negative encryption key. I consider the encryption unbreakable, as it is indistinguishable from a random sequence. Frederic ### def crypt (sequence, key): import random sign = (key 0) * 2 - 1 random.seed (abs (key * sign)) s = '' for i in xrange (len (sequence)): r = random.randint (0, 255) s += chr ((ord (sequence [i]) + r * sign) % 256) return s The mind boggles. You do realize that if I have two ciphertexts encrypted with the same key, I can subtract them? Then I have a sequence, that while not immediately readable, is just a straightforward combination of the two plaintexts without any encryption. How do you know the same key was used? I don't necessarily, but if the same key *is* used, I'll know. The differences of the ciphertexts will have distinctly non-random characteristics (well, assuming the plaintexts aren't one-time pads themselves). What if the messages aren't the same length? Then I just look at the common portion. How does one reconstruct either or both of two messages from their difference? Analyzing patterns, frequencies, and also using prior knowledge I may know or guess about the contents. This is only slightly worse (for the attacker) than tackling a straight substitution cipher. This function is also vulnerable to a chosen-plaintext attack. The underlying PRNG is definitely not suitable for cryptographic applications. The documentation even says so! What is a plain-text attack? Chosen-plaintext, please. Is it you give me a plain text. I encrypt it using the same keys and hand you the result? More or less. Would I comply with the request? Depending on how your cryptosystem is deployed, you may not have a choice. A cryptosystem ought to be resistent to chosen-plaintext attacks regardless of how you intend to deploy it. http://docs.python.org/lib/module-random.html However, being completely deterministic, it is not suitable for all purposes, and is completely unsuitable for cryptographic purposes. The logic escapes me if it is understood to mean that cryptography, in order to be usable, has to be indeterministic. The two characteristics completely deterministic and unsuitable for cryptographic purposes are only mildly related. One *definitely* wouldn't use any PRNG to generate keying material. You should rely on physical sources of randomness. Most modern OSes have some way to access reliable entropy from your machine. Unices usually have this as /dev/random. But that's a separate issue. Additionally, one should not use the Mersenne Twister PRNG, which is what Python uses, as the PRNG for the stream cipher. Given a particular value or series of values, it is possible to determine one's position in the PRNG sequence and can, in essence derive the key. Some techniques can be used to hide actual current state of the PRNG like applying a cryptographic hash to the value from the PRNG. However, it's easier and far better to just use a cryptographically strong PRNG from the start. If, however, it is meant to suggest that it is the reversible, direct one-on-one relation between all the characters of a plain text and its encryption that falls short of state-of-the-art technology, I'd have no problem with that. That doesn't mean, however, that an exercise is required to measure up to state-of-the-art standards in order to be taken seriously. I do invent my own solutions for simple problems. This is not a simple problem. But fortunately, there *is* a relatively simple answer. Besides Paul Rubin's p3.py (which to my limited ability to determine is probably best-of-breed for the limits imposed upon it), there is a very simply-coded stream cipher that *is* cryptographically strong if the appropriate details are observed. It's called RC4 (or ARCFOUR). A reasonably good cryptosystem built around that cipher is called Ciphersaber-2. http://ciphersaber.gurus.com/cryptanalysis.html There are dozens of implementations floating around, but it's ridiculously easy to code up by yourself. I find it more challenging than stalking other people's solutions how ever superior and typically it also saves me time. It is not my ambition to excel in any field, nor to flaunt my erudition. It is my ambition to satisfy the requirements of a given task. And this, I think, my solution does. I can be wrong and if so, I'd appreciate being proven wrong. I have now received well-meaning advice
Re: Ask for a tool to protect my .pyc file :)
Lily Kakm wrote: when I distribute my software, I will give the users .pyc file (maybe I can use py2exe, but I think there's no essential different), because I don't like them to know my source code. But actually, through .pyc file is not so directly as .py file, but the user can also easily guest the detail of the program. Because in the .pyc file, the name of the variables are exist. I ask you for a tool. Maybe it can hide the name of the variables. That's not going to provide you any security. Any competent attacker won't care what you name the variables. If you want real security, don't distribute your code. Expose the critical parts as a web service (or similar) instead. If you want pretend security, .pycs or py2exe executables are enough. For example: good_node = 100 bad_node = 500 - good_node Using this tool, it can be like this : xx = 100 xy = 500 - xx It has the same function, but it can not easily be seen by the users. Reads just fine to me. Do you know where to download a tool like this. You ask an open source software community for a free tool to keep your source proprietary? High expectations. -- Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] In the fields of hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. -- Richard Harter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: hard memory limits
Hi, Why don't you catch the exception and print the trace ? Regards, Philippe Maurice LING wrote: John Machin wrote: On Sat, 07 May 2005 02:29:48 GMT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bengt Richter) wrote: On Sat, 07 May 2005 11:08:31 +1000, Maurice LING [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: It doesn't seems to help. I'm thinking that it might be a SOAPpy problem. The allocation fails when I grab a list of more than 150k elements through SOAP but allocating a 1 million element list is fine in python. Now I have a performance problem... Say I have 3 lists (20K elements, 1G elements, and 0 elements), call them 'a', 'b', and 'c'. I want to filter all that is in 'b' but not in 'a' into 'c'... a = range(1, 10, 5) b = range(0, 100) c = [] for i in b: ... if i not in a: c.append(i) ... This takes forever to complete. Is there anyway to optimize this? Checking whether something is in a list may average checking equality with each element in half the list. Checking for membership in a set should be much faster for any significant size set/list. I.e., just changing to a = set(range(1, 10, 5)) should help. I assume those aren't examples of your real data ;-) You must have a lot of memory if you are keeping 1G elements there and copying a significant portion of them. Do you need to do this file-to-file, keeping a in memory? Perhaps page-file thrashing is part of the time problem? Since when was 100 == 1G?? Maurice, is this mucking about with 1M or 1G lists in the same exercise as the vm_malloc fails when allocating a 20K-element list problem? Again, it might be a good idea if you gave us a little bit more detail. You haven't even posted the actual *PYTHON* error message and stack trace that you got from the original problem. In fact, there's a possible interpretation that the (system?) malloc merely prints the vm_malloc message and staggers on somehow ... Regards, John This is the exact error message: *** malloc: vm_allocate(size=9203712) failed (error code=3) *** malloc[489]: error: Can't allocate region Nothing else. No stack trace, NOTHING. maurice -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Q: The `print' statement over Unicode
François Pinard wrote:
Am I looking in the wrong places, or else, should not the standard
documentation more handily explain such things?
It should, but, alas, it doesn't. Contributions are welcome.
The algorithm to set sys.std{in,out}.encoding is in
sysmodule.c:_PySys_Init and pythonrun.c:Py_InitializeEx
and goes roughly as follows:
- On Windows, if isatty returns true, use GetConsoleCP and
GetConsoleOutputCP.
- On Unix, if isatty returns true, langinfo.h is present,
CODESET is defined, and nl_langinfo(CODESET) returns a
non-empty string, use that.
- otherwise, .encoding will not be set.
Regards,
Martin
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: hard memory limits
Philippe C. Martin wrote: Hi, Why don't you catch the exception and print the trace ? I don't think a Python exception is ever raised. The error message quoted below comes from the system, not Python. Regards, Philippe Maurice LING wrote: This is the exact error message: *** malloc: vm_allocate(size=9203712) failed (error code=3) *** malloc[489]: error: Can't allocate region Nothing else. No stack trace, NOTHING. -- Robert Kern [EMAIL PROTECTED] In the fields of hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. -- Richard Harter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python regex Doc (was: Python documentation moronicities)
Xah I don't know what kind of system is used to generate the Python Xah docs, but it is quite unpleasant to work with manually, as there Xah are egregious errors and inconsistencies. The main Python documentation is written in LaTeX. I believe most, if not all, HTML is generated by latex2html. I suspect most of the HTML cruftiness arises from latex2html. Skip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: hard memory limits
Maurice LING [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Hi, I think I've hit a system limit in python when I try to construct a list of 200,000 elements. My error is malloc: vm_allocate (size = 2400256) failed.. Just wondering is this specific to my system or what? Will adding more RAM helps in this case? Thanks and cheers Maurice malloc (which is the memory manager Python uses when it runs out of its own heap memory) is trying to get another 2.4 megabyte block of memory from the operating system so it can expand the heap. The operating system is refusing to fill the request. There are a lot of reasons why this might happen, ranging from system limits (too little swap space, too little real memory), to an inability to find a 2.4 meg block in the user part of the address space, etc. I'd check swap space, and then balance redesigning the application to not try to get large blocks of memory with spending money on more hardware memory that might not solve the problem. John Roth -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Listening to changes in a C++ variable from python
Is there some python method which can do the polling you are talking about? Or can you send me a link to some existing example? It is not possible to listen to something that is not emitting change notifications. Your variable val isn't talking. Some languages let you listen to every variable, but that is because behind the scenes it is emitting every variable change as an event. In C++, in keeping with its general philosophy, it is not going to be possible to listen to an int. You must either poll it, or wrap that int in something that *will* emit change messages in some fashion that satisfies you. Given the circumstance of updating a progress bar, I'd poll it about every quarter to half second. The correct answer changes depending on what you are doing with the info and the level of control you exert over the source C++. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Ask for a tools to protect my .pyc file :)
I am sorry, may be I have not explain my mind clearly. But I just want a tool like this : It can change the variable name into meaningless ones. I know it will not be safe enough, but I need one. So I ask for help. Thank you !! Robert Kern wrote: Lily Kakm wrote: when I distribute my software, I will give the users .pyc file (maybe I can use py2exe, but I think there's no essential different), because I don't like them to know my source code. But actually, through .pyc file is not so directly as .py file, but the user can also easily guest the detail of the program. Because in the .pyc file, the name of the variables are exist. I ask you for a tool. Maybe it can hide the name of the variables. That's not going to provide you any security. Any competent attacker won't care what you name the variables. If you want real security, don't distribute your code. Expose the critical parts as a web service (or similar) instead. If you want pretend security, .pycs or py2exe executables are enough. For example: good_node = 100 bad_node = 500 - good_node Using this tool, it can be like this : xx = 100 xy = 500 - xx It has the same function, but it can not easily be seen by the users. Reads just fine to me. Do you know where to download a tool like this. You ask an open source software community for a free tool to keep your source proprietary? High expectations. -- Robert Kern rkern at ucsd.edu In the fields of hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. -- Richard Harter _ Express yourself instantly with MSN Messenger! Download today it's FREE! http://messenger.msn.click-url.com/go/onm00200471ave/direct/01/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Ask for a tool to protect my .pyc file :)
On Sat, 07 May 2005 06:45:32 -0700, Robert Kern wrote: Lily Kakm wrote: when I distribute my software, I will give the users .pyc file (maybe I can use py2exe, but I think there's no essential different), because I don't like them to know my source code. But actually, through .pyc file is not so directly as .py file, but the user can also easily guest the detail of the program. Because in the .pyc file, the name of the variables are exist. I ask you for a tool. Maybe it can hide the name of the variables. That's not going to provide you any security. Any competent attacker won't care what you name the variables. If you want real security, don't distribute your code. Expose the critical parts as a web service (or similar) instead. If you want pretend security, .pycs or py2exe executables are enough. Lily, I think the point that Robert is making is that you have to ask, Why do I want to keep my code secret? If the answer is My code is very bad and I don't want people to see it because I am ashamed, then distributing .pyc files is good enough. Or better, learn to write better code. If the answer is, My code is worth a lot of money, and I don't want people to copy it, then hiding variable names will not protect you. If your code is worth enough money, then people will spend hundreds of hours cracking whatever security you use. The more valuable your code, the more time and effort they will spend. And using variables like xxxy won't protect you from competent programmers. As soon as they read the code and realise that xxxy is a node, they will do a Search and Replace of xxxy to some_node and have readable code again. So why do you want to hide your code? Who do you expect to hide it from? [snip] xx = 100 xy = 500 - xx It has the same function, but it can not easily be seen by the users. Reads just fine to me. In fairness Robert, would you really want to read 10,000 lines of code like that? I know I wouldn't -- not even 100 lines. Obfuscated code like that is, well, obfuscated. That makes it the opposite of well-written, easily maintained and understood code. This isn't a impenetrable barrier to a motivated programmer, but it is hardly easy to read. Do you know where to download a tool like this. You ask an open source software community for a free tool to keep your source proprietary? High expectations. Again, in fairness, source code obfuscation isn't wrong in and of itself. For example, Lily might be a teacher running a course on reverse-engineering, and wants some Python code that can't easily be understood by just reading the source. Well, it's possible *wink* Lily, if you are still reading, I think it is very important that you think about why you want to keep your source code secret. Then think about the alternative: publish your code as Open Source software. There are many companies these days who make money from Open Source software, including IBM, Red Hat, Apple, Sun, all the way down to small businesses like the one I work for. (Modesty prevents me mentioning the name, but if you look at my email address you should be able to work it out.) If you aren't selling your software, but just want people to be able to download it and use it, then think about the advantages of making the code available. If you can't think what those advantages are, please ask, I'm sure many people here will be more than happy to discuss it with you. Finally, if you still decide that you want to keep your code secret, that Open Source is not for you, then I suggest you do a Google search on python obfuscater. If you don't find anything, then you can always write your own. Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
globbing multiple wildcards
I have a path spec similar to '/home/*/.mozilla/*/*/cache*/*' (this will probably look familiar to *nix users) with multiple wildcards. I am finding it difficult gathering ALL file pathnames which match this spec. Can anyone shed some light on this for a python noob? TIA Bob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: hard memory limits
On Sat, 07 May 2005 14:03:34 +1000, Maurice LING [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: John Machin wrote: On Sat, 07 May 2005 02:29:48 GMT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bengt Richter) wrote: On Sat, 07 May 2005 11:08:31 +1000, Maurice LING [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: It doesn't seems to help. I'm thinking that it might be a SOAPpy problem. The allocation fails when I grab a list of more than 150k elements through SOAP but allocating a 1 million element list is fine in python. Now I have a performance problem... Say I have 3 lists (20K elements, 1G elements, and 0 elements), call them 'a', 'b', and 'c'. I want to filter all that is in 'b' but not in 'a' into 'c'... a = range(1, 10, 5) b = range(0, 100) c = [] for i in b: ... if i not in a: c.append(i) ... This takes forever to complete. Is there anyway to optimize this? Checking whether something is in a list may average checking equality with each element in half the list. Checking for membership in a set should be much faster for any significant size set/list. I.e., just changing to a = set(range(1, 10, 5)) should help. I assume those aren't examples of your real data ;-) You must have a lot of memory if you are keeping 1G elements there and copying a significant portion of them. Do you need to do this file-to-file, keeping a in memory? Perhaps page-file thrashing is part of the time problem? Since when was 100 == 1G?? Maurice, is this mucking about with 1M or 1G lists in the same exercise as the vm_malloc fails when allocating a 20K-element list problem? Again, it might be a good idea if you gave us a little bit more detail. You haven't even posted the actual *PYTHON* error message and stack trace that you got from the original problem. In fact, there's a possible interpretation that the (system?) malloc merely prints the vm_malloc message and staggers on somehow ... Regards, John This is the exact error message: *** malloc: vm_allocate(size=9203712) failed (error code=3) *** malloc[489]: error: Can't allocate region Nothing else. No stack trace, NOTHING. 1. Can you post minimal exact code that produces the above exact error message? 2. Will you? ;-) Regards, Bengt Richter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: globbing multiple wildcards
what about :
[EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ python
Python 2.4.1 (#2, Mar 30 2005, 21:51:10)
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-8ubuntu2)] on linux2
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
import glob
print glob.glob('/home/*/.mozilla/*/*/Cache*/*')
['/home/martin/.mozilla/firefox/dem8d5eu.default/Cache/_CACHE_MAP_',
'/home/martin/.mozilla/firefox/dem8d5eu.default/Cache/_CACHE_001_',
.
'/home/martin/.mozilla/firefox/dem8d5eu.default/Cache/66FA72F2d01',
'/home/martin/.mozilla/firefox/dem8d5eu.default/Cache/85F82253d01',
'/home/martin/.mozilla/firefox/dem8d5eu.default/Cache/CE3B4D9Cd01']
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get file modification time in mm/dd/yyyy format?
Using Python 2.4 on Windows, for me the command print os.stat(temp.txt)[stat.ST_MTIME] gives 1115478343 , which is seconds since the epoch. How can I get the modification time in a format such as 05/07/2005 11:05 AM as in Windows with the dir command? Ideal would be a tuple of 6 values, (year,month,day,hour,minute,second). Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need help subclassing Borg
See mr Martellis comment of 2001/09/06 in mentiond recipe, you then get
something like this
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-class Borg(object):
-_shared_state = {}
-def __init__(self):
-self.__dict__ = self._shared_state
-
-class Duck(Borg):
-def __init__(self):
-super(Duck, self).__init__()
-self.__covering = feathers # all ducks are feathered
-def covering(self):
-return self.__covering
-
-class Rabbit(Borg):
-def __init__(self):
-super(Rabbit, self).__init__()
-self.__covering = fur # all rabbits are furry
-def covering(self):
-return self.__covering
-
-bugs = Rabbit()
-daffy = Duck()
-print daffy.covering()
-print bugs.covering()
[EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ ./test2.py
feathers
fur
[EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$
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Re: get file modification time in mm/dd/yyyy format?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Using Python 2.4 on Windows, for me the command
print os.stat(temp.txt)[stat.ST_MTIME]
gives
1115478343 ,
which is seconds since the epoch. How can I get the modification time
in a format such as
05/07/2005 11:05 AM
as in Windows with the dir command? Ideal would be a tuple of 6 values,
(year,month,day,hour,minute,second). Thanks.
Do you want the time formatted as above, or as a tuple, since you seem
unclear?
time.strftime('%m/%d/%Y %H:%M %p', time.localtime(time.time()))
time.localtime(time.time())[:6] would do the latter...
Check the time module docs for more.
-Peter
--
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Re: get file modification time in mm/dd/yyyy format?
Tried this it on linux, should work under windows as well I think [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~$ python Python 2.4.1 (#2, Mar 30 2005, 21:51:10) [GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-8ubuntu2)] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. py import time py t = time.localtime(1115478343) py print t (2005, 5, 7, 17, 5, 43, 5, 127, 1) py print time.asctime(t) Sat May 7 17:05:43 2005 py -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Shell Commands in Python Code
There are a lot of commands that I need to use in my code I don't know how to do it Is there a way to use shell commands in Python code? __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Mail - Helps protect you from nasty viruses. http://promotions.yahoo.com/new_mail -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Ask for a tools to protect my .pyc file :)
Is it stable ? I tried it a few months ago and it crashed on my code I do not code that badly ;-) Regards, Philippe [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: pyobfuscate http://www.lysator.liu.se/~astrand/projects/pyobfuscate/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: globbing multiple wildcards
OK, I guess it WAS that easy. :-P Thanks for the replys. Bob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python regex Doc (was: Python documentation moronicities)
This is nice! I just might understand regex eventually. Xah Lee wrote: erratum: the correct URL is: http://xahlee.org/perl-python/python_re-write/lib/module-re.html Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://xahlee.org/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Encryption with Python?
I use http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html Regards, Philippe Blake T. Garretson wrote: I want to save some sensitive data (passwords, PIN numbers, etc.) to disk in a secure manner in one of my programs. What is the easiest/best way to accomplish strong file encryption in Python? Any modern block cipher will do: AES, Blowfish, etc. I'm not looking for public key stuff; I just want to provide a pass-phrase. I found a few modules out there, but they seem to be all but abandoned. Most seem to have died several years ago. The most promising package is A.M. Kuchling's Python Cryptography Toolkit (http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html). Is this the defacto Python encryption solution? What does everyone else use? Any other suggestions? The SSLCrypto package (http://www.freenet.org.nz/python/SSLCrypto/) may be a good alternative too, but I am not sure if it is actively maintained. Thanks, Blake -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: get file modification time in mm/dd/yyyy format?
Le 7 May 2005 08:23:48 -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED] a écrit : Using Python 2.4 on Windows, for me the command print os.stat(temp.txt)[stat.ST_MTIME] gives 1115478343 , which is seconds since the epoch. How can I get the modification time in a format such as 05/07/2005 11:05 AM as in Windows with the dir command? Ideal would be a tuple of 6 values, (year,month,day,hour,minute,second). Thanks. I type import time dir(time) lot of stuff help(time.localtime) localtime([seconds]) - (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_day,tm_hour,tm_min,tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst) Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing local time. When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead. time.localtime(1115478343) (2005, 5, 7, 17, 5, 43, 5, 127, 1) it seems to be 7 may 2005 17h 5 minutes 43 seconds To have such a formatting you have to type help(time.strptime) which sadly will say See the library reference manual for formatting codes (same as strftime()). --- there is no perfect world -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
path(file)
Suppose I have a list of files I wanna know their path. is there a command that helps me do so in python? Yahoo! Mail Stay connected, organized, and protected. Take the tour: http://tour.mail.yahoo.com/mailtour.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: globbing multiple wildcards
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I have a path spec similar to '/home/*/.mozilla/*/*/cache*/*' (this
will probably look familiar to *nix users) with multiple wildcards. I
am finding it difficult gathering ALL file pathnames which match this
spec. Can anyone shed some light on this for a python noob?
import glob
glob.glob('/home/*/.mozilla/*/*/cache*/*')
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Re: Ask for a tools to protect my .pyc file :)
pyobfuscate http://www.lysator.liu.se/~astrand/projects/pyobfuscate/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Q: The `print' statement over Unicode
[Martin von Löwis]
François Pinard wrote:
Am I looking in the wrong places, or else, should not the standard
documentation more handily explain such things?
It should, but, alas, it doesn't. Contributions are welcome.
My contributions are not that welcome. If they were, the core team
would not try forcing me into using robots and bug trackers! :-)
The algorithm to set sys.std{in,out}.encoding is in
sysmodule.c:_PySys_Init and pythonrun.c:Py_InitializeEx
and goes roughly as follows:
- On Windows, if isatty returns true, use GetConsoleCP and
GetConsoleOutputCP.
- On Unix, if isatty returns true, langinfo.h is present,
CODESET is defined, and nl_langinfo(CODESET) returns a
non-empty string, use that.
- otherwise, .encoding will not be set.
Thanks. Your kind explanation, above, should make it, as is, somewhere
in the documentation -- until Xah decides to rewrite it, of course! :-).
--
François Pinard http://pinard.progiciels-bpi.ca
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Re: Shell Commands in Python Code
start to take a look at the call function of the subprocess module - see http://docs.python.org/lib/node231.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: path(file)
What about start reading http://docs.python.org/lib/module-os.path.html? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python and glut
Lonnie Princehouse wrote: DRI not working could also be a permissions issue; check to see if it works as root. that's it! :-) now, how can i make it work as joe user? bye max -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need help subclassing Borg
On Sat, 07 May 2005 08:35:21 -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
See mr Martellis comment of 2001/09/06 in mentiond recipe, you then get
something like this
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-class Borg(object):
-_shared_state = {}
-def __init__(self):
-self.__dict__ = self._shared_state
-
-class Duck(Borg):
-def __init__(self):
-super(Duck, self).__init__()
-self.__covering = feathers # all ducks are feathered
What version of Python are you using? I'm using 2.3.3 and I get this:
py donald = Duck()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in ?
File stdin, line 3, in __init__
TypeError: super() argument 1 must be type, not classobj
-self.__covering = feathers # all ducks are feathered
-def covering(self):
-return self.__covering
-
-class Rabbit(Borg):
-def __init__(self):
-super(Rabbit, self).__init__()
-self.__covering = fur # all rabbits are furry
-def covering(self):
-return self.__covering
Hmmm... I hate to be ungrateful, but apart from being inelegant, it means
having to write get_attribute() and set_attribute() methods for every
attribute the caller might conceivably use. I'm sure to miss at least one.
*wink*
Either that or muck around with __getattr__ and __setattr__, which is
getting uglier by the minute.
I'm thinking what I might need is a function that generates a Borg-like
class. So I would do something like:
Rabbit = MakeBorgClass()
# Rabbit is now a class implementing shared state
# all instances of Rabbit share the same state
Duck = MakeBorgClass()
# Duck is now a class implementing shared state
# all instances of Duck share the same state
# but instances of Duck do not share state with instances of Rabbit
Problem is, I haven't got the foggiest idea how to implement something
like that. Am I on the right track? Where do I go from here?
Thanks,
Steven.
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Re: Reg strip_tags function in Python.
praba kar wrote: In Php I can use strip_tags() function to strip out all html tags. I want to know that strip_tags() equivalent function in Python. Here's a simple function based on Python's HTMLParser class. If you need to reject only certain tags, you'll probably want to subclass HTMLParser, but for simply stripping all tags, this works: from HTMLParser import HTMLParser def strip_tags(html): result = [] parser = HTMLParser() parser.handle_data = result.append parser.feed(html) parser.close() return ''.join(result) See the docs for more details on HTMLParser: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-HTMLParser.html Dave -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need help subclassing Borg
On Sat, 07 May 2005 22:28:34 +1000, Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I've been working with the Borg design pattern from here:
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/66531
and I'm having problems subclassing it.
I'm a newbie, so I've probably missed something obvious.
I want two Borg-like classes where all instances share state within each
class, but not between them. This is what I tried:
py class Borg:
py _shared_state = {}
py def __init__(self):
py self.__dict__ = self._shared_state
py
py class Duck(Borg):
py def __init__(self):
py Borg.__init__(self)
py self.covering = feathers # all ducks are feathered
py
py class Rabbit(Borg):
py def __init__(self):
py Borg.__init__(self)
py self.covering = fur # all rabbits are furry
py
py bugs = Bunny(); daffy = Duck()
py daffy.covering
'feathers'
py bugs.covering
'feathers'
Not what I wanted or expected. What I wanted was for the subclasses Rabbit
and Duck to each inherit Borg-like behaviour, but not to share state with
any other Borgs. In other words, all Ducks share state, and all Rabbits
share state, but Ducks and Rabbits do not share state with each other.
I now see why Ducks and Rabbits are sharing state: they both share the
same __dict__ as all Borg instances. But I don't see how to get the
behaviour I want. (Except by cutting and pasting the Borg code into each
one.) Can anyone help?
If you are using old-style classes (which you need for this Borg), then you
could
keep different shared state dicts within a _shared_states dict, e.g. based on
the name of the subclassed classes, e.g.,
class Borg:
... _shared_states = {} #note plural
... def __init__(self):
... self.__dict__ =
self._shared_states.setdefault(self.__class__.__name__, {})
...
class Duck(Borg):
... def __init__(self):
... Borg.__init__(self)
... self.covering = feathers # all ducks are feathered
...
class Rabbit(Borg):
... def __init__(self):
... Borg.__init__(self)
... self.covering = fur # all rabbits are furry
...
bugs = Bunny(); daffy = Duck()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in ?
NameError: name 'Bunny' is not defined
Hm, where'd that Bunny come from?
bugs = Rabbit(); daffy = Duck()
daffy.covering
'feathers'
bugs.covering
'fur'
vars(Borg)
{'__module__': '__main__', '__doc__': None, '__init__': function __init__ at
0x02EE8D14, '_sha
red_states': {'Rabbit': {'covering': 'fur'}, 'Duck': {'covering': 'feathers'}}}
donald = Duck()
donald.covering
'feathers'
roger = Rabbit()
roger.covering
'fur'
Borg._shared_states['Duck']
{'covering': 'feathers'}
Borg._shared_states['Rabbit']
{'covering': 'fur'}
Since you are calling Borg.__init__(self), you could specify some other
classifier than the implicit class name, e.g., Borg.__init__(self, 'feathered')
vs Borg.__init__(self, 'furred') and use that as the key in the setdefault call.
As mentioned in the recipe discussion, new style classes differ somewhat, but
you
can accomplish the same functionality, just that if you have special things like
__slots__ or descriptors, you may have to think about how they might interact
with
your shared state access.
Regards,
Bengt Richter
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Re: Q: The `print' statement over Unicode
François Pinard wrote: My contributions are not that welcome. If they were, the core team would not try forcing me into using robots and bug trackers! :-) Ok, then we need to wait for somebody else to contribute a documentation patch. Thanks. Your kind explanation, above, should make it, as is, somewhere in the documentation But how will that happen? Unless somebody contributes a documentation patch, the documentation will not change magically! Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Shell Commands in Python Code
Sara Khalatbari [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] There are a lot of commands that I need to use in my code I don't know how to do it Is there a way to use shell commands in Python code? Yes, there are many popen() forms that you may wish to investigate. Below is a brief clip. However, if you can find the functionality already built into Python, such as globbing filenames, that would be better. It will be more portable to more systems and probably faster. x = os.popen(ls -al) for aline in x.readlines(): print aline, -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Newbie: saving dialog variables
Howdy, I've written a program that calls an imported dialog to gather some needed input. What's the common method for passing that data back to the caller? I've tried a 'return data' prior to self.Close() ... all that happens then is the dialog won't close. I'm sure this is obvious, but this newbie's stuck! Thanks, Jeff -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Shell Commands in Python Code
Le Sat, 7 May 2005 08:55:35 -0700 (PDT), Sara Khalatbari a écrit : There are a lot of commands that I need to use in my code I don't know how to do it Is there a way to use shell commands in Python code? Python is a scrpting language. So you can substitute most shell scripts idioms with pythonic ones. A large number of shell scripts can be replaced with python scripts without any semantic loss. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
win32- system call - getting results back into python
Hey everyone, I'm trying to call a system command svnlook log \arms from within python and process the results. However I'm having trouble getting the results of the command back into python. I'm using windows if that matters. Here's what I have so far: os.system(svnlook) #works but doesn't give me the output from svnlook, just the status commands.gettegetstatusoutput(svnlook) only works in unix? Here's my final code which really should work: pipe=os.popen(svnlook log \arms) #works from console text=pipe.read() print text I get blank However this works fine and gives me many lines of output: pipe=os.popen(dir) text=pipe.read() print text Any idea what I'm doing wrong? When I call my command from the command prompt in windows I get a line of text. By the way, I tried posting this on the subversion group but I'm thinking maybe it's a python question, or both? Thanks, Greg -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie: saving dialog variables
On Saturday 07 May 2005 01:24 pm, jeff elkins wrote: Howdy, I've written a program that calls an imported dialog to gather some needed input. What's the common method for passing that data back to the caller? I've tried a 'return data' prior to self.Close() ... all that happens then is the dialog won't close. I'm sure this is obvious, but this newbie's stuck! Thanks, Jeff If it makes any difference, the data is contained in an array... Thanks again, Jeff -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Encryption with Python?
PS: remmember that single DES has been brocken. If you're also interested in signature, this is an interesting article (a big upsate if true) http://it.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/02/16/0146218tid=93 Regards, Philippe Philippe C. Martin wrote: I use http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html Regards, Philippe Blake T. Garretson wrote: I want to save some sensitive data (passwords, PIN numbers, etc.) to disk in a secure manner in one of my programs. What is the easiest/best way to accomplish strong file encryption in Python? Any modern block cipher will do: AES, Blowfish, etc. I'm not looking for public key stuff; I just want to provide a pass-phrase. I found a few modules out there, but they seem to be all but abandoned. Most seem to have died several years ago. The most promising package is A.M. Kuchling's Python Cryptography Toolkit (http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html). Is this the defacto Python encryption solution? What does everyone else use? Any other suggestions? The SSLCrypto package (http://www.freenet.org.nz/python/SSLCrypto/) may be a good alternative too, but I am not sure if it is actively maintained. Thanks, Blake -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: win32- system call - getting results back into python
You wil have to use rsvnlook log \arms) or svnlook log \\arms) to
escape the \.
Popen usually return a file-like object, so you maye to use file
methods like .read()
ex:
d = os.popen('dir /b')
print d.read()
--
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Re: Listening to changes in a C++ variable from python
On Sat, 07 May 2005 07:16:58 -0700, lamthierry wrote: Is there some python method which can do the polling you are talking about? Or can you send me a link to some existing example? Take a moment to go back to the basics. C++ is, in general, a simple system. The *language* is complicated at times, but it does actually strive for no unknown magic taking place. When you say int i = 4, there is some literal value in memory somewhere taking the value of 4. If you say i = 5, that value in memory now says five. The reason you can't listen to this is quite literally because you RAM does not have that ability (for good reason); there are no circuits that are triggered when a value is changed. (I'm talking conventional RAM here, with no hardware mapping or anything else special.) Polling here simply means checking periodically. You don't need any special functions or libraries, you just need to check periodically. Your GUI system should have a system for creating timeouts, but without telling me what that is, I can't give the code. (*I* may not be able to even so; I have not used them all extensively enough to know about all the schedulers.) Your timeout function should simply check the new value and do the appropriate thing based on the new value. So, there isn't really a method, it's just combining your GUI scheduler with a simple == or or or whatever else is appropriate in your case. If it takes more than about four or five lines to write the basic poller, you're probably on the wrong track. (Correctly handling what the poller sees may be more complicated, but the periodic checking should be simple.) If you need more help (though I strongly suggest that you try to get the scheduler to do something two seconds from now or something, and after that it *should* be obvious what to do next), you'll need to include what GUI toolkit you are using, and possibly the current Python code that you are using to access the value you'd like the GUI to track. You may also want to explain how you are connecting the apps; is the C++ part and the Python part in one app in different threads, or are you using some other communication form? One warning: You might be tempted to use time.sleep(); don't do that. That works OK in a Python program where only your code is running, but in any GUI program the GUI itself is also running. Using time.sleep() will completely stop *everything* during the duration of the sleep, completely freezing the GUI as if it were locked up; that's why all GUIs have schedulers, so they can keep running while your code waits. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need help subclassing Borg
On Sun, 08 May 2005 02:42:09 +1000, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
I'm thinking what I might need is a function that generates a Borg-like
class. So I would do something like:
Rabbit = MakeBorgClass()
# Rabbit is now a class implementing shared state
# all instances of Rabbit share the same state
Duck = MakeBorgClass()
# Duck is now a class implementing shared state
# all instances of Duck share the same state
# but instances of Duck do not share state with instances of Rabbit
Problem is, I haven't got the foggiest idea how to implement something
like that. Am I on the right track? Where do I go from here?
Bengt's answer is better than this track, but this question is worth
answering because it is so wonderfully easy in Python.
Remember class is an executable statement, not a declaration:
Python 2.3.5 (#1, Mar 3 2005, 17:32:12)
[GCC 3.4.3 (Gentoo Linux 3.4.3, ssp-3.4.3-0, pie-8.7.6.6)] on linux2
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
def makeBorg():
... class Borg(object):
... _shared_state = {}
... def __init__(self):
... self.__dict__ = self._shared_state
... return Borg
...
Duck = makeBorg()
Rabbit = makeBorg()
d = Duck()
d2 = Duck()
d.cover = fur
d2.cover
'fur'
r = Rabbit()
r.cover
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in ?
AttributeError: 'Borg' object has no attribute 'cover'
r.cover = feathers
d.cover
'fur'
r2 = Rabbit()
r2.cover
'feathers'
(I flipped around the fur and feathers, but don't feel like fixing it :-) )
Now, the problem with this and the reason why Bengt's is more likely
better is that each of these Borg classes is unrelated, so there's no
using issubclass or anything like that. You *could* hack around this, but
it's not worth it. (It is possible to dynamically choose the bases of a
class; you can't do it in the class statement itself, but you can do
something like:
def makeBorg(base = object):
class Borg(base):
etc.
but this is definitely not the best way to go. Still, as above, it does
have its place other times; I've used it to dynamically pick up whether
the user has certain modules installed and add support depending on the
environment. I often do this when I'm writing something currently embedded
in an app I'm writing, but may have use elsewhere outside of the
environment of the app, allowing me to write code that both takes full
advantage of the app environment, while not being completely tied to it.)
--
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Re: Newbie: saving dialog variables
On Sat, 07 May 2005 13:24:34 +, jeff elkins wrote: Howdy, I've written a program that calls an imported dialog to gather some needed input. What's the common method for passing that data back to the caller? I've tried a 'return data' prior to self.Close() ... all that happens then is the dialog won't close. I'm sure this is obvious, but this newbie's stuck! Thanks, Jeff In general, the dialog is an instance of a class. Once the dialog closes, the window should be gone but the instance variable should still be around. Common practice is to put the relevant data in the dialog instance member for retrieval after closing. In certain cases, the method used to invoke the dialog will return the relevant value, but this is somewhat limiting. In even more rare cases, the dialog will be popped up by a function, giving no direct reference to the dialog at any point, and the value is returned by the function; this is generally limited to the Yes/No/Cancel style dialog or its simpler bretheren (OK/Cancel and OK). I'm assuming that last one is not the case. To be more directly helpful, we'd need more data, ideally a code snippet fully demonstrating the problem (i.e., a runnable program). But at a bare minimum, we'd need to know where this dialog came from. Tk? PyGTK? wxPython? Some curses library? MFC? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python and glut
Lonnie Princehouse wrote: Welcome to the exciting world of trying to make graphics work on Linux =) DRI is direct rendering. [...] DRI not working could also be a permissions issue; check to see if it works as root. that's it! :-) now, how can i make it work as joe user? bye max -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Q: The `print' statement over Unicode
On Sat, 07 May 2005 12:10:46 -0400, Franois Pinard wrote: [Martin von Lwis] Franois Pinard wrote: Am I looking in the wrong places, or else, should not the standard documentation more handily explain such things? It should, but, alas, it doesn't. Contributions are welcome. My contributions are not that welcome. If they were, the core team would not try forcing me into using robots and bug trackers! :-) I'm not sure that the smiley completely de-fangs this comment. Have you every tried managing a project even a tenth the size of Python *without* those tools? If you had any idea of the kind of continuous, day-in, day-out *useless busywork* you were asking of the developers, merely to save you a minute or two on the one occasion you have something to contribute, you'd apologize for the incredibly unreasonable demand you are making from people giving you an amazing amount of free stuff. (You'd get a lot less of it, too; administration isn't coding, and excessive administration makes the coding even less fun and thus less likely to be done.) An apology would not be out of line, smiley or no. I've never administered anything the size of Python. I have, however, been up close and personal with a project that had about five developers full-time, and administering *that* without bug trackers would have been a nightmare. I can't even imagine trying to run Python by hand at least not that and getting useful work done too. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need help subclassing Borg
On Sun, 08 May 2005 02:42:09 +1000, Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Sat, 07 May 2005 08:35:21 -0700, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
See mr Martellis comment of 2001/09/06 in mentiond recipe, you then get
something like this
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-class Borg(object):
-_shared_state = {}
-def __init__(self):
-self.__dict__ = self._shared_state
-
-class Duck(Borg):
-def __init__(self):
-super(Duck, self).__init__()
-self.__covering = feathers # all ducks are feathered
What version of Python are you using? I'm using 2.3.3 and I get this:
py donald = Duck()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in ?
File stdin, line 3, in __init__
TypeError: super() argument 1 must be type, not classobj
-self.__covering = feathers # all ducks are feathered
-def covering(self):
-return self.__covering
-
-class Rabbit(Borg):
-def __init__(self):
-super(Rabbit, self).__init__()
-self.__covering = fur # all rabbits are furry
-def covering(self):
-return self.__covering
Hmmm... I hate to be ungrateful, but apart from being inelegant, it means
having to write get_attribute() and set_attribute() methods for every
attribute the caller might conceivably use. I'm sure to miss at least one.
*wink*
Either that or muck around with __getattr__ and __setattr__, which is
getting uglier by the minute.
I'm thinking what I might need is a function that generates a Borg-like
class. So I would do something like:
Rabbit = MakeBorgClass()
# Rabbit is now a class implementing shared state
# all instances of Rabbit share the same state
Duck = MakeBorgClass()
# Duck is now a class implementing shared state
# all instances of Duck share the same state
# but instances of Duck do not share state with instances of Rabbit
Problem is, I haven't got the foggiest idea how to implement something
like that. Am I on the right track? Where do I go from here?
On to new-style classes perhaps? You could have a base class that automatically
gives a subclass its own _shared_state if it isn't there, and tacks that onto
the new instance. That way you don't have to do it in your subclass inits. E.g.,
(warning, not tested beyond what you see. Just thought of this ;-)
class Borgomat(object):
... def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
... if '_shared_state' not in cls.__dict__:
... cls._shared_state = {}
... obj = object.__new__(cls)
... obj.__dict__ = cls._shared_state
... return obj
...
class Duck(Borgomat):
... def __init__(self, **kw):
... self.covering = 'feathers'
... self.__dict__.update(kw)
...
daffy = Duck()
daffy.covering
'feathers'
Duck._shared_state
{'covering': 'feathers'}
class Rabbit(Borgomat):
... def __init__(self):
... self.covering = 'fur'
...
bugs = Rabbit()
bugs.covering
'fur'
Rabbit._shared_state
{'covering': 'fur'}
bugs.food = 'carrots'
Rabbit._shared_state
{'food': 'carrots', 'covering': 'fur'}
roger = Rabbit()
roger.food
'carrots'
Oops, forgot to use the optional keyword arg in Duck ...
donald = Duck(food='Disney duck chow')
donald.food
'Disney duck chow'
donald.covering
'feathers'
daffy.food
'Disney duck chow'
Some shared state may not be all that appropriate ;-)
Regards,
Bengt Richter
--
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Re: Newbie: saving dialog variables
On Saturday 07 May 2005 02:34 pm, Jeremy Bowers wrote: On Sat, 07 May 2005 13:24:34 +, jeff elkins wrote: Howdy, I've written a program that calls an imported dialog to gather some needed input. What's the common method for passing that data back to the caller? I've tried a 'return data' prior to self.Close() ... all that happens then is the dialog won't close. I'm sure this is obvious, but this newbie's stuck! Thanks, Jeff In general, the dialog is an instance of a class. Once the dialog closes, the window should be gone but the instance variable should still be around. Common practice is to put the relevant data in the dialog instance member for retrieval after closing. In certain cases, the method used to invoke the dialog will return the relevant value, but this is somewhat limiting. In even more rare cases, the dialog will be popped up by a function, giving no direct reference to the dialog at any point, and the value is returned by the function; this is generally limited to the Yes/No/Cancel style dialog or its simpler bretheren (OK/Cancel and OK). I'm assuming that last one is not the case. To be more directly helpful, we'd need more data, ideally a code snippet fully demonstrating the problem (i.e., a runnable program). But at a bare minimum, we'd need to know where this dialog came from. Tk? PyGTK? wxPython? Some curses library? MFC? Jeremy, The dialog is from wxPython, generated using Boa Constructor. I'm cutting out hunks to try to be concise... === import wx def create(parent): return vents(parent) [wxID_VENTS, wxID_VENTSEXITBUTTON, wxID_VENTSVENTTYPETEXT, [snip] ] = [wx.NewId() for _init_ctrls in range(14) ] class vents(wx.Dialog): def _init_ctrls(self, prnt): wx.Dialog.__init__(self, id=wxID_VENTS, name=u'prefs', parent=prnt, pos=wx.Point(418, 320), size=wx.Size(321, 285), style=wx.DEFAULT_DIALOG_STYLE, title=u'Ventilator Settings') self.SetClientSize(wx.Size(321, 285)) self.exitButton = wx.Button(id=wxID_VENTSEXITBUTTON, label=u'OK', name=u'exitButton', parent=self, pos=wx.Point(60, 250), size=wx.Size(85, 30), style=0) self.exitButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnExitButtonButton, id=wxID_VENTSEXITBUTTON) self.venttypeText = wx.TextCtrl(id=wxID_VENTSVENTTYPETEXT, name=u'venttypeText', parent=self, pos=wx.Point(64, 24), size=wx.Size(144, 25), style=0, value=u'') [snip] def __init__(self, parent): self._init_ctrls(parent) # build an array of values entered in the dialog # return array to calling program def OnExitButtonButton(self, event): self.Close() == The dialog above is called by: def OnVentButtonButton(self, event): dlg = vents.vents(self) try: dlg.ShowModal() finally: dlg.Destroy() Thanks again, Jeff -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python and glut
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], max(01)* wrote: Lonnie Princehouse wrote: DRI not working could also be a permissions issue; check to see if it works as root. that's it! :-) now, how can i make it work as joe user? I have this in my XF86Config and I'm in the `video` group:: Section DRI Group video Mode 0660 EndSection Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie: saving dialog variables
On Sat, 07 May 2005 15:43:08 +, jeff elkins wrote: === import wx def create(parent): return vents(parent) [wxID_VENTS, wxID_VENTSEXITBUTTON, wxID_VENTSVENTTYPETEXT, [snip] ] = [wx.NewId() for _init_ctrls in range(14) ] class vents(wx.Dialog): def _init_ctrls(self, prnt): wx.Dialog.__init__(self, id=wxID_VENTS, name=u'prefs', parent=prnt, pos=wx.Point(418, 320), size=wx.Size(321, 285), style=wx.DEFAULT_DIALOG_STYLE, title=u'Ventilator Settings') self.SetClientSize(wx.Size(321, 285)) self.exitButton = wx.Button(id=wxID_VENTSEXITBUTTON, label=u'OK', name=u'exitButton', parent=self, pos=wx.Point(60, 250), size=wx.Size(85, 30), style=0) self.exitButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnExitButtonButton, id=wxID_VENTSEXITBUTTON) self.venttypeText = wx.TextCtrl(id=wxID_VENTSVENTTYPETEXT, name=u'venttypeText', parent=self, pos=wx.Point(64, 24), size=wx.Size(144, 25), style=0, value=u'') [snip] def __init__(self, parent): self._init_ctrls(parent) # build an array of values entered in the dialog # return array to calling program def OnExitButtonButton(self, event): self.Close() == The dialog above is called by: def OnVentButtonButton(self, event): dlg = vents.vents(self) try: dlg.ShowModal() finally: dlg.Destroy() OK, I can't quite directly run this, but assuming you're trying to get the user to enter some text into the text control, you should be able to add print dlg.venttypeText.GetValue() to print what the user entered; this comes after the try: finally: (i.e., on the same indentation as dlg = vents.vents(self)). The dialog window is gone, but the widgets and such inside it should remain until it is garbage collected. (One of the keys to effective UI use is dissociating the screen representation from the widget data structure representation; certainly they are related but they are not identical, generally the widget data structure is around both before and after the actual display of the widget.) On an unrelated note, somehow, the dialog should indicate if it was cancelled or not; you'll need to consult the docs for that. It looks like you don't want the user to be able to cancel, but watch out for sneaky cancelling techniques; ESC might be automatically mapped to some sort of cancel by the wx.Dialog class, and the user might also be able to click on a close window button on the resulting dialog box, which may also get processed as a cancel. I don't think it'll affect your code in this particular case (it can sometimes), but it's bad UI; there should be a style that shows a window with no close button on it. (Default may be it, but I'd be surprised.) That style will probably also not do the default keyboard mapping, so it should take care of both problems. If you pull up the dialog and it has no close button and ESC does nothing, disregard this :-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie: saving dialog variables
On Saturday 07 May 2005 04:39 pm, Jeremy Bowers wrote: OK, I can't quite directly run this, but assuming you're trying to get the user to enter some text into the text control, you should be able to add print dlg.venttypeText.GetValue() to print what the user entered; this comes after the try: finally: (i.e., on the same indentation as dlg = vents.vents(self)). Thanks! That did the trick. Jeff -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
plug-ins
Hi all, The app I'm working on keeps getting new transforms and I'm tired of adding them by hand. So here it goes: Can anyone provide me with clues/examples/references on how to create a plug-in framework? tx, --eric -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Trouble saving unicode text to file
I'm working on a program that is supposed to save different information to text files. Because the program is in swedish i have to use unicode text for ÅÄÖ letters. When I run the following testscript I get an error message. # -*- coding: cp1252 -*- titel = åäö titel = unicode(titel) print Titel type, type(titel) fil = open(testfil.txt, w) fil.write(titel) fil.close() Traceback (most recent call last): File D:\Documents and Settings\Daniel\Desktop\Programmering\aaotest\aaotest2\aaotest2.pyw, line 5, in ? titel = unicode(titel) UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe5 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128) I need to have the titel variable in unicode format because when I write åäö in a entry box in Tkinkter it makes the value to a unicode format automaticly. Are there anyone who knows an easy way to save this unicode format text to a file? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Newbie : checking semantics
Hi everyone, I am new to python and was very enthustic about its possibilities when I discover that python is really what it is : just a scripting language. What disappoints me is that pyton will happily accept and execute this code : if ( aConditionThatIsFalse ): AFunctionThatIsntDefined() print Hello world The fact that python doesn't check if the symbol AFunctionThatIsntDefined is defined, is really bad when you develop big pieces of code. You will never be sure that your code is free of this kind of dummy errors and testing every possible execution paths is nightmarish ! Is there a way to force Python to check the definition of symbol ? LDD -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Trouble saving unicode text to file
Svennglenn Traceback (most recent call last): Svennglenn File D:\Documents and Svennglenn Settings\Daniel\Desktop\Programmering\aaotest\aaotest2\aaotest2.pyw, Svennglenn line 5, in ? Svennglenn titel = unicode(titel) Svennglenn UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe5 in position 0: Svennglenn ordinal not in range(128) Try: import codecs titel = åäö titel = unicode(titel, iso-8859-1) fil = codecs.open(testfil.txt, w, iso-8859-1) fil.write(titel) fil.close() Skip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: globbing multiple wildcards
Is there any way to make this recursive? That is what I was looking for. Sorry I wasn't too clear before. Bob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: globbing multiple wildcards
Then take a look at os.walk, see http://docs.python.org/lib/os-file-dir.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie : checking semantics
On Sat, 07 May 2005 15:05:20 -0700, LDD wrote: The fact that python doesn't check if the symbol AFunctionThatIsntDefined is defined, is really bad when you develop big pieces of code. You will never be sure that your code is free of this kind of dummy errors and testing every possible execution paths is nightmarish ! Your unsubstantiated claim flies in the face of many man-years of experience writing Python programs... and also has been discussed here so many times it's hardly possible to count them. Summary: We know better, from experience. Quote dogma until you're blue in the face, but nobody has managed to prove that large Python apps don't exist, nor have they been able to show they were harder to write than equivalent apps in more structured languages, which is also a tough sell since they were easier. To win this point, you need to produce evidence that doesn't exist. Why not try opening your mind to the possibility that the dogma is wrong? Points to ponder: http://www.mindview.net/WebLog/log-0025 http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=4639 The other point worth making is that if you want a language that you already know, why not stick with it? Is there a way to force Python to check the definition of symbol ? Look up pychecker, but beyond that, no. It turns out such a thing is meaningless in the sense you are used to (static analysis), because a symbol may not have a referent until much later, and based on arbitrary code. Python is late-binding, unlike C/C++/Java and friends. I think that about summarizes the current state of the art on this point. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie : checking semantics
I do not know of a check like the one you desire. But you always can use some clever testing, e.g. facilitated with the unittest module to prevent situations like yours, see http://docs.python.org/lib/module-unittest.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: plug-ins
Eric Nieuwland wrote:
The app I'm working on keeps getting new transforms and I'm tired of
adding them by hand. So here it goes:
Can anyone provide me with clues/examples/references on how to create a
plug-in framework?
The biggest task is defining the interface between your app and the plugins -
you need to decide at what points plugins can interact with your application,
what data from your application they'll need to have access to, etc. You'll
also
need to decide how your app becomes aware of new plugins - perhaps the data
specifies it, or a config file. IOW, most of the initial work is just deciding
on a convention you want to follow. Here is a simple example:
Plugins are Python modules that are placed in the app/plugins directory. A
plugin may optionally have an Init() function that is called when the plugin is
first loaded. A plugin is required to have a Process() function. This function
takes an input buffer and return a transformed output buffer.
Here's some quickie code to load a plugin (untested):
import new
def LoadPlugin(name):
'Loads a plugin and returns a plugin module object'
# TODO: Decide on and implement an error-handling convention
# Create a new module
m = new.module(name)
source = file('plugins/%s' % name).read()
exec source in m.__dict__
assert hasattr(m, 'Process'), 'Plugin %s has no Process function' % name
# Optionally run its Init function
if hasattr(m, 'Init'):
m.Init()
return m
If you need plugins at different times, you could have a plugin cache:
pluginCache = {} # name - plugin module
def GetPlugin(name):
'Returns the named plugin from the cache, creating it if needed'
try:
return pluginCache[name]
except KeyError:
plugin = pluginCache[name] = LoadPlugin(name)
return plugin
You might use a plugin like this:
def Transform(name, data):
'Applies the named transform to the data and returns the result'
plugin = GetPlugin(name)
return plugin.Process(data)
In practice, your plugins will probably have a much richer interface. You may
even decide to have an application object of some sort that you can pass to
the plugins to provide services to them (logging facility, supporting routines
that many plugins need, etc.). Instead of a module-based approach, you may
instead decide that all plugins inherit from a plugin base class.
-Dave
--
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Re: Newbie : checking semantics
LDD [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I am new to python and was very enthustic about its possibilities when I discover that python is really what it is : just a scripting language. That just covers a *very* big application space. So-called scripting languages are being used in an ever-widening variety of ways. The fact that python doesn't check if the symbol AFunctionThatIsntDefined is defined, is really bad when you develop big pieces of code. You will never be sure that your code is free of this kind of dummy errors and testing every possible execution paths is nightmarish ! Testing every possible execution path may be nighmarish, but it's a *requirement* for writing robust software. This is true whether undefined variables are caught at compile time, execution time, or later(*). You're never sure your code is free of bugs no matter what you do, but adequate testing can help eliminate most of the dummy ones. Failure to do that testing will ensure the presence of dummy bugs in the code if you're developing a big piece of code, no matter when they are detected. Personally, I'm neutral on this issue. Clearly, declaring variables saves time by catching such typos early. Equally clearly, not declaring the variables saves time in that you don't have to enter the declarations. While most RAD languages don't use variable declarations, there are a number of factors that contribute to them being faster than conventional languages, so the individual contribution of this particular factor is unclear. mike *) There are languages out there that quietly plug in a default value when you reference an unassigned variable. That means the bug doesn't show up until you start checking output values, at which point you find garbage. Adequate testing will uncover these bugs, but finding the actual bug is a PITA. -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python regex Doc (was: Python documentation moronicities)
Let me expose one another fucking incompetent part of Python doc, in illustration of the Info Tech industry's masturbation and ignorant nature. The official Python doc on regex syntax ( http://python.org/doc/2.4/lib/re-syntax.html ) says: --begin quote-- | A|B, where A and B can be arbitrary REs, creates a regular expression that will match either A or B. An arbitrary number of REs can be separated by the | in this way. This can be used inside groups (see below) as well. As the target string is scanned, REs separated by | are tried from left to right. When one pattern completely matches, that branch is accepted. This means that once A matches, B will not be tested further, even if it would produce a longer overall match. In other words, the | operator is never greedy. To match a literal |, use \|, or enclose it inside a character class, as in [|]. --end quote-- Note: In other words, the | operator is never greedy. Note the need to inject the high-brow jargon greedy here as a latch on sentence. never greedy? What is greedy anyway? Greedy, when used in the context of computing, describes a certain characteristics of algorithms. When a algorithm for a minimizing/maximizing problem is such that, whenever it faced a choice it simply chose the shortest path, without considering whether that choice actually results in a optimal solution. The rub is that such stratedgy will often not obtain optimal result in most problems. If you go from New York to San Francisco and always choose the road most directly facing your destination, you'll never get on. For a algorithm to be greedy, it is implied that it faces choices. In the case of alternatives in regex regex1|regex2|regex3, there is really no selection involved, but following a given sequence. What the writer were thinking when he latched on about greediness, is that the result may not be from the pattern that matches the most substring, therefore it is not greedy. It's not greedy Python docer's ass. Such blind jargon throwing, as found everywhere in tech docs, is a significant reason why the computing industry is filled with shams the likes of unix, Perl, Programing Patterns, eXtreme Programing, Universal Modeling Language, fucking shits. A better writen doc for the complete regex module is at: http://xahlee.org/perl-python/python_re-write/lib/module-re.html See also: Responsible Software Licensing http://xahlee.org/UnixResource_dir/writ/responsible_license.html Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://xahlee.org/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie : checking semantics
On 7 May 2005 15:05:20 -0700, LDD [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi everyone, I am new to python and was very enthustic about its possibilities when I discover that python is really what it is : just a scripting language. Not just. What disappoints me is that pyton will happily accept and execute this code : if ( aConditionThatIsFalse ): AFunctionThatIsntDefined() print Hello world The fact that python doesn't check if the symbol AFunctionThatIsntDefined is defined, is really bad when you develop big pieces of code. You will never be sure that your code is free of this kind of dummy errors and testing every possible execution paths is nightmarish ! If you aren't going to test your functions, how will you know they don't have dummy errors?? Is there a way to force Python to check the definition of symbol ? If _are_ going to test your functions, how long will it take to discover that a function doesn't exist? IOW, do you mean that if you know a function is defined, you will assume it is free of dummy errors? Such faith ;-) Regards, Bengt Richter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need help subclassing Borg
On Sat, 07 May 2005 22:28:34 +1000, Steven D'Aprano wrote: I've been working with the Borg design pattern from here: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/66531 Thanks to everyone who took the time to answer. I've learnt a lot from the discussion, not the least of which was to watch out for those mysterious bunnies. Steven. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python regex Doc (was: Python documentation moronicities)
On Saturday 07 May 2005 04:28 pm, Xah Lee wrote: Note: In other words, the | operator is never greedy. Note the need to inject the high-brow jargon greedy here as a latch on sentence. The first definition of jargon in the Collaborative International Dictionary of English is: To utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds; to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner. Despite your misuse of the word jargon, jargon seems to be an area in which you are carving yourself a niche. The term greedy has a particular meaning in regex, as does the word algorithm in computer science. Take a look at Mastering Regular Expressions for an exhaustive discussion of the meaning of greedy as it applies to regular expressions. Of course I anticipate that you will confusedly and unintelligibly bash this book, even though it is quite obvious that you have yet to read or understand it. -- James Stroud UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics Box 951570 Los Angeles, CA 90095 http://www.jamesstroud.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Trouble saving unicode text to file
On 7 May 2005 14:22:56 -0700, Svennglenn [EMAIL PROTECTED]
wrote:
I'm working on a program that is supposed to save
different information to text files.
Because the program is in swedish i have to use
unicode text for ÅÄÖ letters.
program is in Swedish: to the extent that this means names of
variables are in Swedish, this is quite irrelevant. The variable
names could be in some other language, like Slovak, Slovenian, Swahili
or Strine. Your problem(s) (PLURAL) arise from the fact that your text
data is in Swedish, the representation of which uses a few non-ASCII
characters. Problem 1 is the representation of Swedish in text
constants in your program; this is causing the exception you show
below but curiously didn't ask for help with.
When I run the following testscript I get an error message.
# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-
titel = åäö
titel = unicode(titel)
You should use titel = uåäö
Works, and saves wear tear on your typing fingers.
print Titel type, type(titel)
fil = open(testfil.txt, w)
fil.write(titel)
fil.close()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File D:\Documents and
Settings\Daniel\Desktop\Programmering\aaotest\aaotest2\aaotest2.pyw,
line 5, in ?
titel = unicode(titel)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe5 in position 0:
ordinal not in range(128)
I need to have the titel variable in unicode format because when I
write
åäö in a entry box in Tkinkter it makes the value to a unicode
format
automaticly.
The general rule in working with Unicode can be expressed something
like work in Unicode all the time i.e. decode legacy text as early as
possible; encode into legacy text (if absolutely required) as late as
possible (corollary: if forced to communicate with another
Unicode-aware system over an 8-bit wide channel, encode as utf-8, not
cp666)
Applying this to Problem 1 is, as you've seen, trivial: To the extent
that you have text constants at all in your program, they should be in
Unicode.
Now after all that, Problem 2: how to save Unicode text to a file?
Which raises a question: who or what is going to read your file? If a
Unicode-aware application, and never a human, you might like to
consider encoding the text as utf-16. If Unicode-aware app plus
(occasional human developer or not CJK and you want to save space),
try utf-8. For general use on Windows boxes in the Latin1 subset of
the universe, you'll no doubt want to encode as cp1252.
Are there anyone who knows an easy way to save this unicode format text
to a file?
Read the docs of the codecs module -- skipping over how to register
codecs, just concentrate on using them.
Try this:
# -*- coding: cp1252 -*-
import codecs
titel = uåäö
print Titel type, type(titel)
f1 = codecs.open('titel.u16', 'wb', 'utf_16')
f2 = codecs.open('titel.u8', 'w', 'utf_8')
f3 = codecs.open('titel.txt', 'w', 'cp1252')
# much later, maybe in a different function
# maybe even in a different module
f1.write(titel)
f2.write(titel)
f3.write(titel)
# much later
f1.close()
f2.close()
f3.close()
Note: doing it this way follows the encode as late as possible rule
and documents the encoding for the whole file, in one place. Other
approaches which might use the .encode() method of Unicode strings and
then write the 8-bit-string results at different times and in
different functions/modules are somewhat less clean and more prone to
mistakes.
HTH,
John
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Re: New Python regex Doc (was: Python documentation moronicities)
Xah Lee wrote: Let me expose one another fucking incompetent part of your writing capablities? If you really had a point, there wouldn't be any need of swearing... -- John MexIT: http://johnbokma.com/mexit/ personal page: http://johnbokma.com/ Experienced programmer available: http://castleamber.com/ Happy Customers: http://castleamber.com/testimonials.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python regex Doc
Xah Lee wrote: Let me expose one another fu Hello Xah, I think you will continue to have difficulty getting respect on this matter as long as you show disrespect to those who have come before you. When you refer to the documentation as being f'ing stupid, and other disrespectful terms, you are in an indirect, or depending on your intent, directly insulting the people who have done their best, as *volunteers* in most cases, to provide the existing documentation. Text is never F'ing, Stupid, or any of the other terms you refer to as it being. However it can be uninformative, hard to read, confusing, and even plain wrong. But it is only text, and does not have a mind of it's own. Referring to it as if it does, in such angry tones, reflects back on yourself and gives others a poor impression of you. At the start, you choose to approach this matter as a personal and competitive agenda, ie.. You vs those who came before you. Is this really the correct way to do this? You don't have to insult those who came before you in order to make your case. If you do, then maybe your case isn't strong enough. But even this is wrong because it isn't a competition. I suppose that if you respectfully offer something even a little better it would be respectfully accepted, after due review of course. You will probably even get many helpful suggestions along they way because you will have created a situation where every one wins. But by approaching it in the way you are, you make it very hard for people to support you, because to do so, they have to take on the role of losers in order for you to be a winner. Just some thoughts, you might consider. Cheers, and good luck with whatever aproach you decide. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Language documentation ( was Re: Computing Industry shams)
Xah Lee [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: A|B, where A and B can be arbitrary REs, creates a regular expression that will match either A or B. An arbitrary number of REs can be separated by the | in this way. This can be used inside groups (see below) as well. As the target string is scanned, REs separated by | are tried from left to right. When one pattern completely matches, that branch is accepted. This means that once A matches, B will not be tested further, even if it would produce a longer overall match. In other words, the | operator is never greedy. To match a literal |, use \|, or enclose it inside a character class, as in [|]. --end quote-- Note: In other words, the | operator is never greedy. Note the need to inject the high-brow jargon greedyhere as a latch on sentence. What is so hard to understand ? Should be perfectly clear even to a first year undergraduate. As for greedy even a minimal exposure to Djikstra's shortest path algorithm would have made the concept intuitive. And from memory, that is the sort of thing done in Computing 101 and in Data Structures and Algorithms 101 It seems to me that you want the Python doc to be written for morons. And that is not a valid complaint. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python Pseudo-Switch
Hello All,
Because of my poorly designing a database, I have recently found it necessary
to explore the wonders of the Python pseudo-switch:
do_case = { A : lambda x: x[bob],
B : lambda x: x[carol],
C : lambda x: Ted,
D : lambda x: do_something(x) }
my_thing = do_case[get_value_from_thin_air()](adict)
How to handle this kind of thing when lambda is removed from the language,
beside the obvious def'ing those tiny little functions?
James
--
James Stroud
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
Box 951570
Los Angeles, CA 90095
http://www.jamesstroud.com/
--
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Re: Language documentation ( was Re: Computing Industry shams)
vermicule [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Xah Lee [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: [...] It seems to me that you want the Python doc to be written for morons. Not for morons, but for trolls. Don't feed them. -- Måns Rullgård [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: hard memory limits
Bengt Richter wrote:
On Sat, 07 May 2005 14:03:34 +1000, Maurice LING [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
John Machin wrote:
On Sat, 07 May 2005 02:29:48 GMT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Bengt Richter) wrote:
On Sat, 07 May 2005 11:08:31 +1000, Maurice LING [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
It doesn't seems to help. I'm thinking that it might be a SOAPpy
problem. The allocation fails when I grab a list of more than 150k
elements through SOAP but allocating a 1 million element list is fine in
python.
Now I have a performance problem...
Say I have 3 lists (20K elements, 1G elements, and 0 elements), call
them 'a', 'b', and 'c'. I want to filter all that is in 'b' but not in
'a' into 'c'...
a = range(1, 10, 5)
b = range(0, 100)
c = []
for i in b:
... if i not in a: c.append(i)
...
This takes forever to complete. Is there anyway to optimize this?
Checking whether something is in a list may average checking equality with
each element in half the list. Checking for membership in a set should
be much faster for any significant size set/list. I.e., just changing to
a = set(range(1, 10, 5))
should help. I assume those aren't examples of your real data ;-)
You must have a lot of memory if you are keeping 1G elements there and
copying a significant portion of them. Do you need to do this file-to-file,
keeping a in memory? Perhaps page-file thrashing is part of the time
problem?
Since when was 100 == 1G??
Maurice, is this mucking about with 1M or 1G lists in the same
exercise as the vm_malloc fails when allocating a 20K-element list
problem? Again, it might be a good idea if you gave us a little bit
more detail. You haven't even posted the actual *PYTHON* error message
and stack trace that you got from the original problem. In fact,
there's a possible interpretation that the (system?) malloc merely
prints the vm_malloc message and staggers on somehow ...
Regards,
John
This is the exact error message:
*** malloc: vm_allocate(size=9203712) failed (error code=3)
*** malloc[489]: error: Can't allocate region
Nothing else. No stack trace, NOTHING.
1. Can you post minimal exact code that produces the above exact error
message?
2. Will you? ;-)
Regards,
Bengt Richter
I've re-tried the minimal code mimicking the error in interactive mode
and got this:
from SOAPpy import WSDL
serv =
WSDL.Proxy('http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/soap/v1.1/eutils.wsdl'
)
result = serv.run_eSearch(db='pubmed', term='mouse', retmax=50)
*** malloc: vm_allocate(size=9121792) failed (error code=3)
*** malloc[901]: error: Can't allocate region
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in ?
File /sw/lib/python2.3/site-packages/SOAPpy/Client.py, line 453, in
__call__
return self.__r_call(*args, **kw)
File /sw/lib/python2.3/site-packages/SOAPpy/Client.py, line 475, in
__r_call
self.__hd, self.__ma)
File /sw/lib/python2.3/site-packages/SOAPpy/Client.py, line 347, in
__call
config = self.config)
File /sw/lib/python2.3/site-packages/SOAPpy/Client.py, line 212, in
call
data = r.getfile().read(message_len)
File /sw/lib/python2.3/socket.py, line 301, in read
data = self._sock.recv(recv_size)
MemoryError
When changed retmax to 15, it works nicely.
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Out of Office AutoReply: Hello
Title: Out of Office AutoReply: Hello i am currently out of the office until May 23rd. if the matter is urgent, please contact tech-pma or my manager Paul Osterhus -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New Python regex Doc
Ron Adam rote: I suppose that if you respectfully offer something even a little better it would be respectfully accepted, after due review of course. You will probably even get many helpful suggestions along they way because you will have created a situation where every one wins. Remarkably, and because of the special nature of this newsgroup, Ron is right: something even a little better would be respectfully accepted, in spite of the incredibly anti-social nature of nearly all of Xah' past postings here. In the (unlikely, IMHO) event that Xah can change, and wants to submit something even a little better, here are a few suggestions: 1. Use a spell checker. 2. Use a grammar checker. Many people can get away without this tool, but pretty clearly Xah cannot. 3. Realize that posting partial improvements to this newsgroup will not really help anyone, unless you are explicitly soliciting feedback on the wording or structure with the intent of submitting the changes via the proper channels at a later time. 4. Clean up all loose ends, including removing comments of the sort to be rewritten later, and still needs work and such. Somebody has to do the work; if you leave it undone, the changes are unlikely to be accepted. -Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Trouble saving unicode text to file
Hi All-- John Machin wrote: The general rule in working with Unicode can be expressed something like work in Unicode all the time i.e. decode legacy text as early as possible; encode into legacy text (if absolutely required) as late as possible (corollary: if forced to communicate with another Unicode-aware system over an 8-bit wide channel, encode as utf-8, not cp666) +1 QOTW And true, too. i-especially-like-the-cp666-part-ly y'rs, Ivan -- Ivan Van Laningham God N Locomotive Works http://www.andi-holmes.com/ http://www.foretec.com/python/workshops/1998-11/proceedings.html Army Signal Corps: Cu Chi, Class of '70 Author: Teach Yourself Python in 24 Hours -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie : checking semantics
What disappoints me is that pyton will happily accept and execute this code : if ( aConditionThatIsFalse ): AFunctionThatIsntDefined() print Hello world The fact that python doesn't check if the symbol AFunctionThatIsntDefined is defined, is really bad when you develop big pieces of code. You will never be sure that your code is free of this kind of dummy errors and testing every possible execution paths is nightmarish ! You're absolutely right. Any real language should catch these types of errors, just as it would verify that the program below is correct: if (aCondition): AFunctionThatIsDefined() . . . . def AFunctionThatIsDefined(): return 0 / (0-0) Moral: There are *many* more reasons for testing every execution path than catching name or type errors. George -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[ANN] pysqlite 2.0.beta1
== pysqlite 2.0.beta1 == I'm glad to announce pysqlite 2.0.beta1. The API is 98 % stable now. And pysqlite itself should be a lot more stable too, now. The most notable changes are a lot of fixed refcount bugs, and the added documentation. Download the release here: Sources: http://initd.org/pub/software/pysqlite/releases/2.0/2.0.beta1/pysqlite-2.0.beta1.tar.gz win32 binaries for Python 2.3: http://initd.org/pub/software/pysqlite/releases/2.0/2.0.beta1/pysqlite-2.0.beta1.win32-py2.3.exe win32 binaries for Python 2.4: http://initd.org/pub/software/pysqlite/releases/2.0/2.0.beta1/pysqlite-2.0.beta1.win32-py2.4.exe pysqlite homepage, bug tracker, wiki: http://pysqlite.org/ Changes since 2.0.alpha4: = - Added pysqlite 2.0 documentation: usage guide and source installation guide. Adapted from kinterbasdb documentation with the permission of David Rushby. - Fixed several refcount problems. Per test suite run, lose 0 references instead of 550 per test suite run like in alpha4. - If a database file cannot be opened, raise an OperationalError specifically instead of a DatabaseError. - Call the row factory with (cursor, row_tuple) instead of (row_tuple). - Fixed a crash in .connect() when you tried to set a keyword argument. It's quite annoying that Python doesn't offer a method to extract a single keyword argument at C-level easily. Argh! So I bit the bullet and duplicated the parameter extraction code. - The type name of PrepareProtocol was corrected. Only interesting for introspection. - Added more tests to the test suite. - Implemented cursor.arraysize. - cursor.rowcount is now -1 instead of None in case of not determined, like the DB-API requires. - Implemented autocommit mode which replaces the ''no_implicit_begin'' parameter to the module-level connect(). This way, we're more compatible with other DB-API modules. autocommit parameter in module-level connect and also an autocommit property of connections. -- The begin method of connections is gone. - Completely reworked the advanced type detection: o connection.register_converter is gone o instead, the dictionary connection.converters is exposed directly. o The parameter more_types to the module-level connect is gone. o Instead, use any combination of PARSE_DECLTYPES and PARSE_COLNAMES for the new paramter detect_types. PARSE_DECLTYPES will parse out the first word of a declared type and look up a converter in connection.converters: create table foo(col mytype not null) The decltype would be mytype not null, but PARSE_DECLTYPES will cut out mytype and look for a converter in converters[mytype]. If it finds any, it will use it to convert the value. Otherwise, the standard SQLite manifest typing will be used. PARSE_COLNAMES will parse out the column names and look up a converter in connection.converters: cur.execute(select 1 as colname [mytype]) the column names will be parsed for [...], in this case mytype will be found as the type for the colum, and the converters dictionary will be consulted for an appropriate converter function. If none is found, the standard SQLite manifest typing will be used. Also, the column names in cursor.description will only consist of the first word. So it would be colname in our example, not colname [mytype]. - cursor.coltypes is gone. - The connection attribute of cursors is now made available at Python level. That's an optional DB-API extension. - The exception classes are now attributes of the connection objects. That's an optional DB-API extension. - Optimized the _sqlite_step_with_busyhandler() function by making time.time() and time.sleep() available at module import instead of importing the time module each time and getting out the time and sleep functions each time. Big performance improvement. - Some work on the benchmarks. - Made the destructor of the Cursor class more stable. It used to crash when an error occured in the Cursor *constructor*. - Implemented a check that the parameter for Cursor() is actually an instance of the Connection class (or a subclass thereof). - Allow long integers as parameters. Re-enable test cases for this. -- Gerhard Häring - [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Python, web database development pysqlite - Powerful and fast embedded database engine SQLite for Python. signature.asc Description: Digital signature -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Pseudo-Switch
James Stroud wrote:
Hello All,
Because of my poorly designing a database, I have recently found it
necessary
to explore the wonders of the Python pseudo-switch:
do_case = { A : lambda x: x[bob],
B : lambda x: x[carol],
C : lambda x: Ted,
D : lambda x: do_something(x) }
my_thing = do_case[get_value_from_thin_air()](adict)
How to handle this kind of thing when lambda is removed from the
language,
beside the obvious def'ing those tiny little functions?
You can always re-invent lambda.
def lambda2(arg_names, expression):
...exec 'def _(%s): return %s' % (','.join(arg_names), expression)
...return _
...
add = lambda2(('x', 'y'), 'x + y')
add(3, 4)
7
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Re: New Python regex Doc
Xah Lee [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Let me expose one another fucking incompetent part of Python doc, in illustration of the Info Tech industry's masturbation and ignorant nature. What you actually expose is your own ignorance. Note: “In other words, the | operator is never greedy.” Note the need to inject the high-brow jargon “greedy” here as a latch on sentence. Actually, greedy is a standard term when dealing with regular expression matching. Anyone who's done even a little work with regular expressions - which is pretty much all I've done, as I prefer to avoid them - will know what it means. “never greedy”? What is greedy anyway? “Greedy”, when used in the context of computing, describes a certain characteristics of algorithms. When a algorithm for a minimizing/maximizing problem is such that, whenever it faced a choice it simply chose the shortest path, without considering whether that choice actually results in a optimal solution. Except that's not the *only* meaning for greedy in a computing context. That's what it means when you're talking about a specific kind of problem solving algorithm. Those algorithms have *nothing* to do with regular expressions, so this definition is irrelevant. After doing a google for regular expression greedy, the second match starts with the text: By default, pattern matching is greedy, which means that the matcher returns the longest match possible. Now, it can be argued that the term ought not to be used, except that it's a standard term with a well-known meaning, and exactly describes the behavior in question. You can argue that it ought to be defined. The problem is, you can't explain things to a rock. You have to assume some basic level of understanding. In particular, documentation on a regular expression package should explain *how to use the package*, not what regular expressions are, and the terminology associated with them. As I've suggested before, what's really needed is a short tutorial on regular expressions in general. That page could include a definition of terms that are unique to regular expressions, and the re package documentation could link the word greedy to that definition. mike -- Mike Meyer [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie : checking semantics
I am new to python and was very enthustic about its possibilities when I discover that python is really what it is : just a scripting language. .. The fact that python doesn't check if the symbol ... is defined, is really bad ... 1. For a language like Python full static checking is IMPOSSIBLE. Consider setattr() with attribute name read from a file (f.e. names of the columns in the database). 2. Trust me (and other Python programmers most likely would agree) this type of error happens much more seldom then newbies (especially coming from strongly typed languages) imagine while adjusting to the language. 3. Python advantages overpower drawbacks 10 to 1. 4. Most likely you never used Fortran :) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
