RE: PEP 3131: Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers

[Michael Yanowitz]

Let me guess - the next step will be to restrict the identifiers
to be at most 6 characters long.

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Stefan Behnel
Sent: Monday, May 14, 2007 2:53 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: PEP 3131: Supporting Non-ASCII Identifiers


Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch schrieb:
> In <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Michel Claveau
> wrote:
>
>> And  Il1 O0 ?
>
> Hm, we should ban digits from identifier names.  :-)

Ah, good idea - and capital letters also. After all, they are rare enough in
English to just plain ignore their existance.

Stefan :)
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RE: Checking if string inside quotes?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Thanks, but it is a little more complicated than that,
  the string could be deep in quotes.

   The problem is in string substitution.
Suppose I have a dictionary with MY_IP : "172.18.51.33" 

  I need to replace all instances of MY_IP with "172.18.51.33"
in the file.
  It is easy in cases such as:
  if (MY_IP == "127.0.0.1"):

  But suppose I encounter:"
 ("(size==23) and (MY_IP==127.0.0.1)")
  
   In this case I do not want:
 ("(size==23) and ("172.18.51.33"==127.0.0.1)")
but:
 ("(size==23) and (172.18.51.33==127.0.0.1)")
without the internal quotes.
 How can I do this?
  I presumed that I would have to check to see if the string
was already in quotes and if so remove the quotes. But not
sure how to do that?
  Or is there an easier way?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Wednesday, May 09, 2007 5:12 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: Checking if string inside quotes?


On May 9, 1:39 pm, "Michael Yanowitz" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hello:
>
>If I have a long string (such as a Python file).
> I search for a sub-string in that string and find it.
> Is there a way to determine if that found sub-string is
> inside single-quotes or double-quotes or not inside any quotes?
> If so how?
>
> Thanks in advance:
> Michael Yanowitz

I think the .find() method returns the index of the found string.  You
could check one char before and then one char after the length of the
string to see.  I don't use regular expressions much, but I'm sure
that's a more elegant approach.

This will work. You'll get in index error if you find the string at
the very end of the file.

s = """
foo
"bar"
"""
findme = "foo"
index = s.find(findme)

if s[index-1] == "'" and s[index+len(findme)] == "'":
print "single quoted"
elif s[index-1] == "\"" and s[index+len(findme)] == "\"":
   print "double quoted"
else:
   print "unquoted"

~Sean

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Checking if string inside quotes?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   If I have a long string (such as a Python file).
I search for a sub-string in that string and find it.
Is there a way to determine if that found sub-string is
inside single-quotes or double-quotes or not inside any quotes?
If so how?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz

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RE: Breaking up Strings correctly:

[Michael Yanowitz]

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Adam Atlas
Sent: Monday, April 09, 2007 11:28 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: Breaking up Strings correctly:


On Apr 9, 8:19 am, "Michael Yanowitz" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hello:
>
>I have been searching for an easy solution, and hopefully one
> has already been written, so I don't want to reinvent the wheel:

Pyparsing is indeed a fine package, but if Paul gets to plug his
module, then so do I! :)

I have a package called ZestyParser... a lot of it is inspired by
Pyparsing, actually, but I'm going in a different direction in many
areas. (One major goal is to be crazily dynamic and flexible on the
inside. And it hasn't failed me thus far; I've used it to easily parse
grammars that would make lex and yacc scream in horror.)

Here's how I'd do it...

from ZestyParser import *
from ZestyParser.Helpers import *

varName = Token(r'\$(\w+)', group=1)
varVal = QuoteHelper() | Int
sp = Skip(Token(r'\s*'))
comparison = sp.pad(varName + CompositeToken([RawToken(sym) for sym in
('=','<','>','>=','<=','!=')]) + varVal)
#Maybe I should "borrow" PyParsing's OneOf idea :)

expr = ExpressionHelper((
comparison,
(RawToken('(') + Only(_top_) + RawToken(')')),
oper('NOT', ops=UNARY),
oper('AND'),
oper('OR'),
))

Now you can scan for `expr` and get a return value like [[['IP', '=',
'127.1.2.3'], ['AX', '<', 15]], [['IP', '=', '127.1.2.4'], ['AY', '!
=', 0]]] (for the example you gave).

Note that this example uses several features that won't be available
until the next release, but it's coming soon. So Michael, though you'd
still be able to parse this with the current version, the code
wouldn't look as nice as this or the Pyparsing version. Maybe just add
it to your watchlist. :)

- Adam

--


  Thanks for your and Gerard's and Gabriel's responses.
I guess what I was looking for was something simpler than parsing.
I may actually use some of what you posted. But I am hoping that
if given a string such as:
'((($IP = "127.1.2.3") AND ($AX < 15)) OR (($IP = "127.1.2.4") AND ($AY !=
0)))'
  something like split(), where I can pass it something like [' AND ', ' OR
', ' XOR ']
will split the string by AND, OR, or XOR.
  BUT split it up in such a way to preserve the parentheses order, so that
it will
split on the outermost parenthesis.
  So that the above string becomes:
['OR',  '(($IP = "127.1.2.3") AND ($AX < 15))', '(($IP = "127.1.2.4") AND
($AY != 0))']
  No need to do this recursively, I can repeat the process, however if I
wish on each
string in the list and get:
['OR',  ['AND', '($IP = "127.1.2.3")', '($AX < 15)'], ['AND', '($IP =
"127.1.2.4")', '($AY != 0)']]

  Can this be done without parsers? Perhaps with some variation of re or
split.
Has something like this already been written?


Thanks in advance:


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Breaking up Strings correctly:

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   I have been searching for an easy solution, and hopefully one
has already been written, so I don't want to reinvent the wheel:

   Suppose I have a string of expressions such as:
"((($IP = "127.1.2.3") AND ($AX < 15)) OR (($IP = "127.1.2.4") AND ($AY !=
0)))
  I would like to split up into something like:
[ "OR",
  "(($IP = "127.1.2.3") AND ($AX < 15))",
  "(($IP = "127.1.2.4") AND ($AY != 0))" ]

 which I may then decide to or not to further split into:
[ "OR",
  ["AND", "($IP = "127.1.2.3")", "($AX < 15)"],
  ["AND", "(($IP = "127.1.2.4")", ($AY != 0))"] ]

  Is there an easy way to do this?
I tried using regular expressions, re, but I don't think it is
recursive enough. I really want to break it up from:
(E1 AND_or_OR E2) and make that int [AND_or_OR, E1, E2]
  and apply the same to E1 and E2 recursively until E1[0] != '('

   But the main problem I am running to is, how do I split this up
by outer parentheseis. So that I get the proper '(' and ')' to split
this upper correctly?


Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


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RE: division by 7 efficiently ???

[Michael Yanowitz]

  I think it is off by 1 in small numbers, off by a little more with large
numbers:
>>> def div7 (N):
...return (N>>3) + ((N-7*(N>>3))>>3)
...
>>> div7 (70)
9
>>> div7 (77)
10
>>> div7 (700)
98
>>> div7 (7)
0
>>> div7 (10)
1
>>> div7 (14)
1
>>> div7 (21)
2
>>> div7 (700)
98
>>> div7 (7000)
984

Michael Yanowitz

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Krypto
Sent: Thursday, February 01, 2007 3:25 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: division by 7 efficiently ???


The correct answer as told to me by a person is

(N>>3) + ((N-7*(N>>3))>>3)


The above term always gives division by 7

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RE: Is there a better way to implement this:

[Michael Yanowitz]

Thanks.

   I suppose I could have used time.sleep(seconds) here.
I did it in 0.01 because in an earlier verion, I did something
else between the sleeps.
   I guess I am looking for something portable (both
Windows and Linux) where I can abort a function after
a certain time limit expires.

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Benjamin Niemann
Sent: Monday, January 22, 2007 11:19 AM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: Is there a better way to implement this:


Michael Yanowitz wrote:

> Hello:
>
>I wrote the code below (much irrelevant code removed).
> This doesn't quite work. What I wanted it to do was
>  a) Execute function ftimed, which takes a function and a timeout
> in seconds.
>  b) This will also execute function abort() as a thread.
> This function just runs for the specified
> number of seconds and returns.
> However, before it returns, throws an exception.
> c)  If test() is still running when abort() is
> finished, ftimed() should catch the exception and
> return.
>
> It is catching the exception, however it continues running the function.
> Why does it continue and not return?

The exception is raised in the thread that executes the abort() function.
The exception does not get caught and terminates this thread. The other
(main) thread is unaffected - exceptions are local to a thread and there is
currently no (portable) way to raise an exception in another thread.

> What am I missing, or is there a better way to
> implement this (having ftimed() return when the
> abort-timer time is exceeded?

You may use the signal.alarm() function, if you are on a UNIXoid system and
you have only a signle time-out at a time (e.g. not nested).

> import time, thread, sys
>
> thread_finished = "MAX RUN TIME EXCEEDED!"
>
> def abort (seconds):
>  start_time = time.time()
>  while ((time.time() - start_time) < seconds):
> time.sleep(0.01)

any reason for not using time.sleep(seconds) here?

I suppose I could have, but in earlier versions

>  print "script run time exceeded max_run_time of", seconds, "seconds."
>  raise thread_finished
>  return
>
>
> def test():
> i = 0
> while (True):
>time.sleep(1)
>print "HELLO", i
>i+=1
>
>
> def ftimed (func, seconds):
> thread.start_new_thread (abort, (seconds,))
>
> try:
> func()
> except thread_finished:
> print  "Timeout"
> return
>
> ftimed (test, 30)
> print "Script finished"

--
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Email: pink at odahoda dot de
WWW: http://pink.odahoda.de/
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Is there a better way to implement this:

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   I wrote the code below (much irrelevant code removed).
This doesn't quite work. What I wanted it to do was
 a) Execute function ftimed, which takes a function and a timeout
in seconds.
 b) This will also execute function abort() as a thread.
This function just runs for the specified
number of seconds and returns.
However, before it returns, throws an exception.
c)  If test() is still running when abort() is
finished, ftimed() should catch the exception and
return.

It is catching the exception, however it continues running the function.
Why does it continue and not return?

What am I missing, or is there a better way to
implement this (having ftimed() return when the
abort-timer time is exceeded?


import time, thread, sys

thread_finished = "MAX RUN TIME EXCEEDED!"

def abort (seconds):
 start_time = time.time()
 while ((time.time() - start_time) < seconds):
time.sleep(0.01)
 print "script run time exceeded max_run_time of", seconds, "seconds."
 raise thread_finished
 return


def test():
i = 0
while (True):
   time.sleep(1)
   print "HELLO", i
   i+=1


def ftimed (func, seconds):
thread.start_new_thread (abort, (seconds,))

try:
func()
except thread_finished:
print  "Timeout"
return

ftimed (test, 30)
print "Script finished"

  It presently generates the following output:
$ python ./testthread.py
HELLO 0
HELLO 1
HELLO 2
HELLO 3
HELLO 4
HELLO 5
HELLO 6
HELLO 7
HELLO 8
HELLO 9
HELLO 10
HELLO 11
HELLO 12
HELLO 13
HELLO 14
HELLO 15
HELLO 16
HELLO 17
HELLO 18
HELLO 19
HELLO 20
HELLO 21
HELLO 22
HELLO 23
HELLO 24
HELLO 25
HELLO 26
HELLO 27
HELLO 28
HELLO 29
script run time exceeded max_run_time of 30 seconds.
Unhandled exception in thread started by 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./testthread.py", line 10, in abort
raise thread_finished
MAX RUN TIME EXCEEDED!
HELLO 30
HELLO 31
HELLO 32




Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


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RE: Can a Tkinter GUI check for abort script:

[Michael Yanowitz]

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of hg
Sent: Tuesday, December 19, 2006 9:44 AM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: Can a Tkinter GUI check for abort script:


Michael Yanowitz wrote:

> Hello:
>
>I have successfully implemented a Tkinter GUI which has
> this (simplified here for explanation):
> +-+
> |  filename: [./test3.py] |
> | |
> |  [Run Script]   |
> +-+
>
>But, now what I would like to do while the script is
> running, is replace the "Run Script" with "Abort Script".
>
> +-+
> |  filename: [./test3.py] |
> | |
> |  [Abort Script] |
> +-+
>
>So, every tenth of a seconds or ??? better time, I
> would like to 'return' to the GUI and check if the
> "Abort Script" button has been pressed.
>How do I do this? Or is there a better way to
> implement this?
>
> Thanks in advance:
> Michael Yanowitz

It depends: As you cannot "kill" a thread in Python, you need some mechanism
to stop your script another way (is that a python script or
a .sh / .bat ? ... from what you're writing, it seems you're calling some
external entity which just might launch a bunch of processes)

So do you or not control the inner workings of that external script ?

If you don't, then "killing" might be the way as posted / clearly the
methord will change from environment to environment.

hg

--


  Yeah, it is a Python script, which I preprocess and then load using
__import__(script_filename)
So when I preprocess it, I can add/remove codelines and possibly
add control of the GUI - the original Python scripts will not
know anything about the GUI.

Thanks:
Michael Yanowitz


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RE: Can a Tkinter GUI check for abort script:

[Michael Yanowitz]

No. test3.py (for example) is just plain Python code that sends and receives
socket data
from another machine. It does (or could) contain loops that last a long
time, repeating
the read or write operations to and from the socket. This grabs the CPU.
   What I am hoping for is a function call I can make, without knowing any
of the
GUI objects, I can call from test3.py (or while test3.py is running) which
will
refresh the GUI and check for activity such as button presses on the GUI
itself.
  For example, if I just call sleep(), will it do this?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz
  -Original Message-
  From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of
Mohammad Tayseer
  Sent: Monday, December 18, 2006 11:28 AM
  To: python-list@python.org
  Subject: RE: Can a Tkinter GUI check for abort script:


  I don't know why this happen. do you call mainloop() inside the test3.py??
you shouldn't

  Michael Yanowitz <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
  >   Presently what happens is that the script takes over and all the
buttons on
  > the GUI disappear
  > as the GUI is not given any cpu time to refresh or check if any activity
in
  > the dialog.



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RE: Can a Tkinter GUI check for abort script:

[Michael Yanowitz]

  Thank you (and Thanks to Hendrik). Both good ideas. I will need to do
those or something similar too.
But what I really want to know is what I need to do when pressing the "Run
Script" button, so that I
'return' to the GUI every once in a while, like every 100 milliseconds to
check if the "Abort Script"
button is pressed.
   Presently what happens is that the script takes over and all the buttons
on the GUI disappear
as the GUI is not given any cpu time to refresh or check if any activity in
the dialog.

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz
  -Original Message-
  From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of
Mohammad Tayseer
  Sent: Monday, December 18, 2006 10:40 AM
  To: python-list@python.org
  Subject: Re: Can a Tkinter GUI check for abort script:


  To view a button & hide the other, call .pack_forget() on the button you
want to hide & pack() on the button you want to show

  test3.py should contains a main() function that returns the new window. if
you press 'Abort script' button you should call new_window.destroy(),
pack_forget() the current button & pack() the 'run script' button



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Can a Tkinter GUI check for abort script:

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   I have successfully implemented a Tkinter GUI which has
this (simplified here for explanation):
+-+
|  filename: [./test3.py] |
| |
|  [Run Script]   |
+-+

   But, now what I would like to do while the script is
running, is replace the "Run Script" with "Abort Script".  

+-+
|  filename: [./test3.py] |
| |
|  [Abort Script] |
+-+

   So, every tenth of a seconds or ??? better time, I
would like to 'return' to the GUI and check if the
"Abort Script" button has been pressed.
   How do I do this? Or is there a better way to
implement this?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


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Best way to split up lines - RE: About the 79 character line recommendation

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   I too don't like large lines. However in the following case, and
multi-level indentations, I find it unavoidable.
   Here is one huge statement I haven't been able to split onto multiple
lines.
What would be the best way to split the following line (Python doesn't like
me
to split it up between the comma-separated parameters):

top, ip1, ip2, ip3, ip4, messageCounter, ackRequired, dataType, utc1,
utc2, utc3, utc4, utc5, utc6, utc7, utc8, utc9, utc10, utc11, utc12, st1,
st2, st3, st4, st5, st6, numberOfLabels, dataWord =
struct.unpack("!H4BH20BHI", strMessage)


Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Ramon Diaz-Uriarte
Sent: Wednesday, December 06, 2006 5:12 PM
To: Steve Bergman
Cc: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: About the 79 character line recommendation


On 5 Dec 2006 13:28:22 -0800, Steve Bergman <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

(...)
>
> I'm finding 100 to be a nice balance.  It forces me not to be lazy and
> allow really long lines, but allows me to format so as to make the
> meaning most clear.
>



But if you use some advanced editors (such as Emacs) that easily allow
you to see/edit the same file in two buffers side by side, then going
beyond 80 chars is often a bad idea, specially if you use a laptop.
(And, of course, there is the eternal issue of doing a simple "a2ps"
to print some code; longer than 80 and you often have hard to read
pages).

Best,

R.

--
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Statistical Computing Team
Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme
Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO)
http://ligarto.org/rdiaz
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RE: String Replace only if whole word?

[Michael Yanowitz]

>Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>> Hello:
>>
>>   I am hoping someone knows if there is an easier way to do this or
someone
>> already implemented something that does this, rather than reinventing the
>> wheel:
>>   I have been using the string.replace(from_string, to_string,
len(string))
>> to replace names in a file with their IP address.
>>   For example, I have definitions file, that looks something like:
>> 10.1.3.4   LANDING_GEAR
>> 20.11.222.4   ALTIMETER_100
>> 172.18.50.138 SIB
>> 172.18.50.138 LAPTOP
>> 172.18.51.32  WIN2000
>> 127.0.0.1 LOCALHOST
>>
>>   and I have a text file (a Python script) that has these names in the
file.
>> In most cases the string.replace() command works great. But there is one
>> instance which it fails:
>> Suppose I had in the file:
>>  if (LAPTOP_IS_UP()):
>>It would replace the string with:
>>  if ("172.18.50.138"_IS_UP()):
>>
>>Is there any easy way to avoid this, only replace if a whole word
>> matches?
>> I probably need something which determines when a word ends, and I will
>> define
>>  a word as containing only 'A'-'Z','a'-'z','0'-'9','_' . As long as the
>> string
>> contains more of the word digits after the match, don't replace?
>>
>> Thanks in advance:
>> Michael Yanowitz
>
>You need regular expressions for this. Use the re module.
>http://docs.python.org/lib/module-re.html
>
>from the docs:
>
>re.sub(pattern, repl, string[, count])
>Return the string obtained by replacing the leftmost non-overlapping
>occurrences of pattern in string by the replacement repl.
>
>Your pattern would be "[^A-Za-z0-9_]word[^A-Za-z0-9_]"
>
>[^xy] is approximately not in ('x', 'y')
>
>--
>Juho Schultz


Thanks.
  This works great except for one thing:

The character after the replacement is deleted, so that if I have
 send_data (LAPTOP, test_string)
it would replace it with:
 send_data (10.1.3.4 test_string)
  (ignoring that the 10.1.3.4 is not quoted). The comma is missing.

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


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String Replace only if whole word?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

  I am hoping someone knows if there is an easier way to do this or someone
already implemented something that does this, rather than reinventing the
wheel:
  I have been using the string.replace(from_string, to_string, len(string))
to replace names in a file with their IP address.
  For example, I have definitions file, that looks something like:
10.1.3.4   LANDING_GEAR
20.11.222.4   ALTIMETER_100
172.18.50.138 SIB
172.18.50.138 LAPTOP
172.18.51.32  WIN2000
127.0.0.1 LOCALHOST

  and I have a text file (a Python script) that has these names in the file.
In most cases the string.replace() command works great. But there is one
instance which it fails:
Suppose I had in the file:
 if (LAPTOP_IS_UP()):
   It would replace the string with:
 if ("172.18.50.138"_IS_UP()):

   Is there any easy way to avoid this, only replace if a whole word
matches?
I probably need something which determines when a word ends, and I will
define
 a word as containing only 'A'-'Z','a'-'z','0'-'9','_' . As long as the
string
contains more of the word digits after the match, don't replace?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


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255 argument limit?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   It appears that there is a 255 argument limit in Python 2.4.3?

>>> packed_data = struct.pack("260i",
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21
,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,
47,4
8,49,50,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,60,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,70,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,80,1,2,3
,4,5
,6,7,8,9,90,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,100,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,110,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12
0,1,
2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,130,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,140,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,150,1,2,3,4,5,6,
7,8,
9,160,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,170,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,180,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,190,1,2,
3,4,
5,6,7,8,9,200,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,210,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,220,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,
230,
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,240,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,250,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
SyntaxError: more than 255 arguments

   Is there a way to increase this limit?
(This is just a made up example, I would not normally do this).

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


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Defining our own types?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   I know this will probably turn about to be another dumb question
and I know I have asked a few really dumb ones lately on this list,
but I am hoping otherwise this time:

suppose I type:
ip = 123.45.67.89
  (no quotes)
- is it possible (maybe by catching an exception), to have this
automatically converted to an ip address and maybe have the exception
convert this into:
  ip = make_ip_address (123, 45, 67, 89)

   Or even better, if possible. Can I define my own type
IP = BYTE + '.' + BYTE + '.' + BYTE + '.' + BYTE
BYTE = in range(256)
  and have Python over-ride its rules so that if I type in a number
followed by a dot followed by number followed by a dot followed by a
number followed by a dot and another number, it can call
make_ip_address() on the value?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


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Make Object Oriented?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   Are there any tools to convert non-object-oriented code
into object-oriented code?
   If not, perhaps something that I can pass in two (or more)
classes and will create a base-class and simplify the passed
in classed to be derived from the base class?
   Ideally this would be Python but if not, C-to-C++ would
be ok?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


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Negative division bug?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

  Just wondering if this is a bug, is this as designed,
or do I have to import math or something to make it correct:

   I was just screwing around.
and found:
>>> -1/100
-1
  Shouldn't it be zero?
1/100  returns 0
but -1/ANY_POSITIVE_INTEGER_NUMBER
  returns -1

>>> -10/3
-4

   It behaves correct for positive numbers, but for negative
integers it seems to subtract one from the expected result.


Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


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RE: Static Variables in Python?

[Michael Yanowitz]

-Original Message-
From: Cliff Wells [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, July 31, 2006 4:55 PM
To: Michael Yanowitz
Cc: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: Static Variables in Python?


On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 15:21 -0400, Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>   Is it possible to have a static variable in Python - 
> a local variable in a function that retains its value.
> 
>  For example, suppose I have:
> 
> def set_bit (bit_index, bit_value):
>static bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
>bits [bit_index] = bit_value
> 
>print "\tBit Array:"
>int i
>while (i < len(bits):
>   print bits[i],
>print '\n'
> 
>  
>I realize this can be implemented by making bits global, but can
> this be done by making it private only internal to set_bit()?  I don't
> want bits to be reinitialized each time. It must retain the set values
> for the next time it is called.

BTW, I'm assuming this example was contrived.  In real life, I wonder
why you'd ever want to use anything besides:

bits = [ 0 ] * 16
bits [ 4 ] = 1
print "Bit Array:"
print ' '.join ( bits )

Having a "set_bit" function seems redundant when the language syntax
directly supports what you are trying to do.

Regards,
Cliff

-- 

   Thanks everyone for your help. Yes I know it is contrived. Well it is
as over-simplified version of what I really want. And yes, I do realize
after sending it about the infinite loop in the printing. I tried too
quickly to come up with a good example without testing it first.
   I like the class idea, however I realize that the class object itself
has to be global. I will look into the decorators - something which I have
avoided until now.
   I tried creating a class, but got an error: 

# * class BitsClass *  
class BitsClass (object):
def __init__(self, num_bits):
self.bits=[]
for i in range(num_bits):
self.bits.append(0)
def set(self, bit_index, value):
self.bits[bit_index] = value
return self.bits
def get(self, bit_index):
if ((bit_index >= 0) and (bit_index < len(self.bits))):
return self.bits[bit_index]
else:
return scenario_globals.ERROR_
def display(self):
i = 0
while (i < len(self.bits)):
print self.bits[i],
i += 1
print '\n',

global the_bits
the_bits = BitsClass(16)

# inside another function I have:
global the_bits
the_bits.set(index, value)

  but I get back:
Traceback (most recent call last):
   ...
  File "scenario_sync.py", line 245, in get_discrete_data
the_bits.set(index, value)
AttributeError: 'DiscreteBits' object has no attribute 'set'

  There is 

  I was also disappointed, I was hoping I could use BitsClass.print()
instead of BitsClass.display().

Thanks in advance:
 Michael Yanowitz


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Static Variables in Python?

[Michael Yanowitz]

  Is it possible to have a static variable in Python - 
a local variable in a function that retains its value.

 For example, suppose I have:

def set_bit (bit_index, bit_value):
   static bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
   bits [bit_index] = bit_value

   print "\tBit Array:"
   int i
   while (i < len(bits):
  print bits[i],
   print '\n'

 
   I realize this can be implemented by making bits global, but can
this be done by making it private only internal to set_bit()?  I don't
want bits to be reinitialized each time. It must retain the set values
for the next time it is called.


Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz



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RE: Splitting a float into bytes:

[Michael Yanowitz]

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Simon Forman
Sent: Wednesday, July 26, 2006 2:56 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: Splitting a float into bytes:


Michael Yanowitz wrote:
> Hello:
>
>   For some reason I can't figure out how to split
> a 4-byte (for instance) float number (such as 3.14159265359)
> into its 4-bytes so I can send it via a socket to another
> computer.
>   For integers, it is easy, I can get the 4 bytes by anding like:
> byte1 = int_val & 0x00FF
> byte2 = int_val & 0xFF00
> byte3 = int_val & 0x00FF
> byte4 = int_val & 0xFF00
>   But if I try to do that with floats I get:
> >>> pi & 0xFF
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "", line 1, in ?
> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for &: 'float' and 'int'
>
>   Is there some easy way to get what the bytes of the float are?
>
> Thanks in advance:
> Michael Yanowitz

The struct module.  (It also works for ints. ;-)  )

http://docs.python.org/lib/module-struct.html


HTH,
~Simon

   Thanks, but maybe I am missing something.
If I use pack, doesn't it have to be unpacked at the other end
to make sense? The data will be picked up on some other computer
by some other application probably written in C or C++. Would
it have to be rewritten to unpack the data?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz 


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Splitting a float into bytes:

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

  For some reason I can't figure out how to split
a 4-byte (for instance) float number (such as 3.14159265359)
into its 4-bytes so I can send it via a socket to another
computer.
  For integers, it is easy, I can get the 4 bytes by anding like:
byte1 = int_val & 0x00FF
byte2 = int_val & 0xFF00
byte3 = int_val & 0x00FF
byte4 = int_val & 0xFF00
  But if I try to do that with floats I get:
>>> pi & 0xFF
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in ?
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for &: 'float' and 'int'

  Is there some easy way to get what the bytes of the float are?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


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Functions, Operators, and Overloading?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   Maybe I am missing something, but from what I've seen,
it is not possible to overload functions in Python. That
is I can't have a
  def func1 (int1, string1):
   and a 
  def func1 (int1, int3, string1, string2):
without the second func1 overwriting the first.

   However, operators can be overloaded. 
   So can I define a new operator?  If so, can I
define func1 as an operator?

(on the side, I have always wanted to define the
++ operator as +=1. Is that possible?)

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz

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Last used directory?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   Is there a global or some trick I can use to have
Python remember the last directory visited?
   What I mean is suppose I have this function:

def get_filename():
""" Returns a filename selected from a Tkinter File Selection Dialog """
strFilename = tkFileDialog.askopenfilename(initialdir='.',
   filetypes=[('Python
files','*.py'),
  ('All
Files','*.*')])
return strFilename

but instead of having initialdir='.' (current directory), I
would like it set to the last visited directory, which can be from a
previous run or even a previous day. Is that possible? If so how?


Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz

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RE: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux

[Michael Yanowitz]

  The one thing I observed (just an observation) is that:
a) on 32-bit machines:
sizeof(int)  = 32
sizeof(long) = 32
b) on 64-bit machines:
sizeof(int)  = 32
sizeof(long) = 64

This in C and Python.

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Lawrence D'Oliveiro
Sent: Monday, July 10, 2006 3:11 AM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux


In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
 dwelch91 <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>I need to detect whether the operating system I am running on (not the 
>Python version) is 64bit or 32bit. One requirement is that I need to 
>include support for non-Intel/AMD architectures.

The standard C way would be to check sizeof(void *).
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RE: SWIG problems with gcc and Cygwin?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Thanks.
   It now works for me in Cygwin.
I would never have guessed to write it as a dll.

Michael Yanowitz

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Norman Vine
Sent: Tuesday, June 27, 2006 4:21 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: SWIG problems with gcc and Cygwin?



"Michael Yanowitz"wrote
> >
>I am just trying out SWIG, but quickly ran into problems.
> Using Cygwin gcc, I tried the following:
>
> 3)ran in cygwin:  swig -i python example.i

try
'swig -python example.i'

> 4)Attempted to run on cygwin:  ld -shared example.o example_wrap.o -o
> _example.so


try
$ gcc -I/usr/include/python2.4 -L/lib/python2.4/config --shared example.c
example_wrap.c -lpython2.4 -o _example.dll

$ python
Python 2.4.1 (#1, May 27 2005, 18:02:40)
[GCC 3.3.3 (cygwin special)] on cygwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from example import *
>>> get_time()
'Tue Jun 27 16:17:41 2006\n'

HTH

Norman

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RE: SWIG problems with gcc and Cygwin?

[Michael Yanowitz]

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Steve Holden
Sent: Tuesday, June 27, 2006 2:55 AM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: SWIG problems with gcc and Cygwin?


Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>   No response yet. The SWIG test works fine in Linux no problems.
> However, I still have the problem in Cygwin.
>   Also, not sure if related but I do have a win32 Python 2.4.3 and
> Cygwin Python 2.4.1. Not sure if there are any conflicts. Any advice
> in making these two co-exist?
>   The only C/C++ compiler I have presently is Cygwin gcc.
>
I wouldn't claim to be an expert but it looks like you are missing
libraries. Shouldn't you at least be loading -l c to get functions
defined in libc?

regards
  Steve
--
Steve Holden   +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd  http://www.holdenweb.com
Love me, love my blog  http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings http://del.icio.us/steve.holden


   Possibly. I thought of that, but Linux doesn't require that I link in
the C Library. Maybe Cygwin does or maybe a parameter is needed in gcc
to do that automatically. The sample program (in
http://www.swig.org/tutorial.html )
does not mention this.

Thanks:
Michael Yanowitz

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RE: SWIG problems with gcc and Cygwin?

[Michael Yanowitz]

  No response yet. The SWIG test works fine in Linux no problems.
However, I still have the problem in Cygwin.
  Also, not sure if related but I do have a win32 Python 2.4.3 and
Cygwin Python 2.4.1. Not sure if there are any conflicts. Any advice
in making these two co-exist?
  The only C/C++ compiler I have presently is Cygwin gcc.

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz

-Original Message-

From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Michael Yanowitz
Sent: Tuesday, June 20, 2006 3:39 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: SWIG problems with gcc and Cygwin?


Hello:

   I am just trying out SWIG, but quickly ran into problems.
Using Cygwin gcc, I tried the following:

1) Created example.c (as given on http://www.swig.org/tutorial.html )
/* File : example.c */

 #include 
 double My_variable = 3.0;

 int fact(int n) {
 if (n <= 1) return 1;
 else return n*fact(n-1);
 }

 int my_mod(int x, int y) {
 return (x%y);
 }

 char *get_time()
 {
 time_t ltime;
 time(<ime);
 return ctime(<ime);
 }

2) Create interface file, example.i

/* example.i */
 %module example
 %{
 /* Put header files here or function declarations like below */
 extern double My_variable;
 extern int fact(int n);
 extern int my_mod(int x, int y);
 extern char *get_time();
 %}

 extern double My_variable;
 extern int fact(int n);
 extern int my_mod(int x, int y);
 extern char *get_time();

3)ran in cygwin:  swig -i python example.i

4)Attempted to run on cygwin:  ld -shared example.o example_wrap.o -o
_example.so
But got back many errors:
example.o:example.c:(.text+0x55): undefined reference to `time'
example.o:example.c:(.text+0x60): undefined reference to `ctime'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x9c): undefined reference to `strlen'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x12c): undefined reference to `strlen'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x1dd): undefined reference to `strcmp'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x494): undefined reference to `strcmp'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x748): undefined reference to `strlen'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x779): undefined reference to `strcpy'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x7a5): undefined reference to `strcmp'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x805): undefined reference to `strlen'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x877): undefined reference to
`strncpy'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x8ab): undefined reference to `strcmp'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x8c9): undefined reference to `memset'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x948): undefined reference to `fputs'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x95d): undefined reference to `fputs'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x970): undefined reference to `fputs'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x9db): undefined reference to
`PyString_Fr
omFormat'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0xa3a): undefined reference to
`PyString_Fr
omString'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0xa68): undefined reference to
`PyLong_From
VoidPtr'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0xa83): undefined reference to
`PyTuple_New
  etc...

  Any idea what I am doing wrong or omitted?

Of course when I then try to go into python and
import example, I get:

>>> import example
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in ?
  File "example.py", line 5, in ?
import _example
ImportError: No module named _example

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz

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SWIG problems with gcc and Cygwin?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   I am just trying out SWIG, but quickly ran into problems.
Using Cygwin gcc, I tried the following:

1) Created example.c (as given on http://www.swig.org/tutorial.html )
/* File : example.c */

 #include 
 double My_variable = 3.0;

 int fact(int n) {
 if (n <= 1) return 1;
 else return n*fact(n-1);
 }

 int my_mod(int x, int y) {
 return (x%y);
 }

 char *get_time()
 {
 time_t ltime;
 time(<ime);
 return ctime(<ime);
 }

2) Create interface file, example.i

/* example.i */
 %module example
 %{
 /* Put header files here or function declarations like below */
 extern double My_variable;
 extern int fact(int n);
 extern int my_mod(int x, int y);
 extern char *get_time();
 %}

 extern double My_variable;
 extern int fact(int n);
 extern int my_mod(int x, int y);
 extern char *get_time();

3)ran in cygwin:  swig -i python example.i

4)Attempted to run on cygwin:  ld -shared example.o example_wrap.o -o
_example.so
But got back many errors:
example.o:example.c:(.text+0x55): undefined reference to `time'
example.o:example.c:(.text+0x60): undefined reference to `ctime'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x9c): undefined reference to `strlen'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x12c): undefined reference to `strlen'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x1dd): undefined reference to `strcmp'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x494): undefined reference to `strcmp'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x748): undefined reference to `strlen'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x779): undefined reference to `strcpy'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x7a5): undefined reference to `strcmp'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x805): undefined reference to `strlen'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x877): undefined reference to
`strncpy'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x8ab): undefined reference to `strcmp'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x8c9): undefined reference to `memset'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x948): undefined reference to `fputs'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x95d): undefined reference to `fputs'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x970): undefined reference to `fputs'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0x9db): undefined reference to
`PyString_Fr
omFormat'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0xa3a): undefined reference to
`PyString_Fr
omString'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0xa68): undefined reference to
`PyLong_From
VoidPtr'
example_wrap.o:example_wrap.c:(.text+0xa83): undefined reference to
`PyTuple_New
  etc...

  Any idea what I am doing wrong or omitted?

Of course when I then try to go into python and
import example, I get:

>>> import example
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in ?
  File "example.py", line 5, in ?
import _example
ImportError: No module named _example

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz

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RE: .py and running in Windows:

[Michael Yanowitz]

Thanks.

   XP looks to be the same as 2000.
Works as expected now. Thank You.

Not sure what this 'thread' issue is.
I never specified a thread. I think perhaps though because I did
open another message in this mailing list (to get the correct
email address to send to), but I deleted all its contents i put
it under that other thread, however there is no indication of a
thread in Outlook email. I am sorry if it came up in another
thread that was not my intention.

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Iain King
Sent: Tuesday, June 13, 2006 9:48 AM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: .py and running in Windows:



Andrew Gwozdziewycz wrote:
> You'll have better results posting this to it's own thread.
>

He certainly should have, but since I've read it here anyway:


> On Jun 13, 2006, at 9:29 AM, Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>
> > Hello:
> >
> >   Presently in my Windows 2000 system, when I double-click on a
> > .py file (open it) it automatically runs it in Python. I would
> > like to change that behavour. That is fine for .pyc file, but
> > for .py files, I would either like to have it run in Python but
> > return to the Python shell prompt when finished rather than
> > exit the shell. How do I do that?
> >   Or would it cause a problem (so that Python no longer works) if
> > I change the default .py extension to open in an editor rather
> > than execute it if I open it?
> >

In an explorer window, go to Tools->Folder Options
Go to the File Types tab, find the PY extension, then click on
Advanced*
Select the 'open' action, and click Edit...
change the 'Application used to perform action', inserting a '-i'
between the exe and the first parameter.  For example, I changed mine
to:

"C:\Python\python.exe" -i "%1" %*

The exact line will depend on where your python.exe is.
OK all the dialogs you've opened, then double click a .py file to test
it.

*I'm using WinXP, so the exact name of some of the buttons may be
different for you.

Iain

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.py and running in Windows:

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

  Presently in my Windows 2000 system, when I double-click on a
.py file (open it) it automatically runs it in Python. I would
like to change that behavour. That is fine for .pyc file, but
for .py files, I would either like to have it run in Python but
return to the Python shell prompt when finished rather than
exit the shell. How do I do that?
  Or would it cause a problem (so that Python no longer works) if
I change the default .py extension to open in an editor rather
than execute it if I open it?

Thanks:
Michael Yanowitz

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RE: Tkinter - changing existing Dialog?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Thanks.

  That is what I was looking for. The configure command (as you and John
pointed out),
should do what I need. The first response of starting a new thread was not
what I was
looking for.

Michael Yanowitz


-Original Message-

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Michael Yanowitz <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>Hello:
>
>
>   I have a Tkinter GUI Dialog with many buttons and labels and text
>widgets.
>What I would like to do is, can I:
>
>1) Disable/deactivate/hide a button, text widget that is already drawn (and
>   of course the opposite enable/activate/show it)?
.
.
.
  import Tkinter

  root = Tkinter.Tk()

  def actions():
  print "Someone pushed the button."
  b.configure(state = Tkinter.DISABLED)

  b = Tkinter.Button(root, text = "Push me", command = actions)
  b.pack()
  root.mainloop()


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Tkinter - changing existing Dialog?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:


   I have a Tkinter GUI Dialog with many buttons and labels and text
widgets.
What I would like to do is, can I:

1) Disable/deactivate/hide a button, text widget that is already drawn (and
   of course the opposite enable/activate/show it)?

2) Change the text of a label or button that is already drawn?

  based on actions taken by the user. Can it be done without destroying
the present dialog or the objects in it and creating a new one?

  Sorry for what probably is such a trivial and basic question. I just can't
find the answer or know what the technical term for what I want to do is to
search for it myself.

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz

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RE: how to change sys.path?

[Michael Yanowitz]

  Is there something like a .pythoninitrc which can run whenever we start
Python
that can load a file with many sys.path.append(), etc?
  If not is there some way to modify the Python shell constructor and
destructor?

Thanks in advance:
Michael yanowitz

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of per9000
Sent: Thursday, May 25, 2006 4:07 AM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: how to change sys.path?


also se topic named
'problem(s) with import from parent dir: "from ../brave.py import
sir_robin" '

I use this every day now:
sys.path.append("../../py_scripts")

best wishes,
Per


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Python Version Testing Tool?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   Is there a version testing tool available for Python
such that I can check to see if my code will still run in
versions 2.2, 2.3, 2.4.3, and 1.1 (for example) (or whatever)
without having to install all these different versions on my
computer?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz

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RE: Tkinter Dialog Management problems:

[Michael Yanowitz]

> Hello:
>
>Below I have included a stripped down version of the GUI I am working
> on.
> It contains 2 dialog boxes - one main and one settings. It has the
> following
> problems, probably all related, that I am hoping someone knows what I am
> doing wrong:
>
> 1) Pressing the Settings.. Button multiple times, brings up many
> instances
>of the Settings Panel. I just want it to bring up one. Is there an
> easy
>way to do that?

In fact, the two windows you created are not dialogs; they're just
windows. To turn a window into an actual "dialog", i.e basically to make
it modal, you have to do the following operations (supposing your dialog
window is named dlg and your main window in named root):

## Ensure only window can receive user events
dlg.grab_set()
## Force Dialog to stay on top of main window
dlg.transient(root)
## Wait for dialog to be destroyed
root.wait_window(dlg)

> 2) Pressing the Done button in the Settings Panel, just erases the Done
> button
>(and any other widgets in the Panel). It does not dismiss the Panel.
> Pressing
>the X button does work. What callback is that? Can I make the Done
> button
> call
>that instead? How?

This is not the way it works. In fact, what you did wrong is something
that has been around for years in some Tkinter tutorial(s): you made your
classes inherit from Frame. This is a Bad Idea: a Frame is not a window,
but only a generic container. There are 2 classes for windows: Tk for the
main window and Toplevel for all others. They both also act as containers,
so you can do in them everything you do in Frames. So make your
ScriptDialog inherit from Tk, your SettingsDialog inherit from Toplevel,
remove all explicit creations of Tkinter.Tk or Tkinter.Toplevel and
instantiate your classes instead. Then calling destroy on either on the
dialogs will actually close the window.

> 3) Pressing the Done button from the Main Panel has no effect? Why not?
> It
> used
>to work (self.quit()). Again, I would like to call whatever is called
> when the
>X button (top Right corner) is pressed.

This should work. BTW, your "done" method is not needed: creating the
Button with command=self.quit works without problem.


Thanks.  That helped alot.
However it leaves a couple very minor problems which I think I can live
with.
1) It brings up an empty additional 'main window'.
   I have tried using the Tkinter.NoDefaultRoot() option, but run into
   other problems with other things not defined.
NameError: global name '_default_root' is not defined
Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "IntVar instance has no attribute
'_tk'" in
 >
ignored

2) By deriving the 'dialog' from Tk, existing calls to self.pack() no
   longer are valid, but they don't appear to be necessary.

  My only 'Tkinter tutorial' is what is included in Orielly's "Programming
Python". Still looking for a good tutorial. I am not clear what the
difference
between Tk() and Toplevel() are. They seem totally interchangeable.


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Tkinter Dialog Management problems:

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   Below I have included a stripped down version of the GUI I am working on.
It contains 2 dialog boxes - one main and one settings. It has the following
problems, probably all related, that I am hoping someone knows what I am
doing wrong:

1) Pressing the Settings.. Button multiple times, brings up many instances
   of the Settings Panel. I just want it to bring up one. Is there an easy
   way to do that?

2) Pressing the Done button in the Settings Panel, just erases the Done
button
   (and any other widgets in the Panel). It does not dismiss the Panel.
Pressing
   the X button does work. What callback is that? Can I make the Done button
call
   that instead? How?

3) Pressing the Done button from the Main Panel has no effect? Why not? It
used
   to work (self.quit()). Again, I would like to call whatever is called
when the
   X button (top Right corner) is pressed.

Thanks in advance:

"""
 TkInter Test
"""

#** Imports *

import os
import sys
import Tkinter
from Tkinter import Tk, Frame, Button, Label, Entry, Scrollbar
from Tkinter import Text, Checkbutton, IntVar
import tkFileDialog
from tkMessageBox import askyesno, showerror


# *** runScript() *
def runScript (strFilename):
""" Executes Python script file """
if (VERBOSE):
print strFilename, "is being imported"
fileText = ""
try:
fptr = open (strFilename, 'r')
fileText = fptr.read()
fptr.close()
except Exception, (errno):
print "Exception in import of file:", strFilename, "- Errno = ",
errno
print (sys.exc_info())
showerror ('Error', 'Problem importing file - see console for
details')
else:
fname = [strFilename[:-3].split('/')[-1]]
for f in fname:
__import__(f)


# *** getGUIFilename ***
def getGUIFilename():
"""
returns a tkInter File Selection Dialog
"""
strFilename = tkFileDialog.askopenfilename(initialdir='.',
filetypes=[('Python
files','*.py'),
   ('All Files','*.*')])
return strFilename

# *** ScenarioPlayerDialog class *
class ScriptDialog(Frame):
"""  Script Dialog GUI class """
def __init__(self, parent=None):
""" Script GUI class constructor """
Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.pack()

self.commandRow = Frame(self)
self.commandLabel = Label(self.commandRow, width=14,
  text="Python Command:")
self.commandEnt = Entry(self.commandRow)
self.commandRow.pack(side=Tkinter.TOP, fill=Tkinter.X)
self.commandLabel.pack(side=Tkinter.LEFT)
self.commandEnt.pack(side=Tkinter.RIGHT, expand=Tkinter.YES,
 fill=Tkinter.X)
self.commandEnt.delete('0', Tkinter.END)
self.commandEnt.pack(side=Tkinter.TOP, fill=Tkinter.X)

buttonRow3 = Frame(self)
doneBtn = Button(buttonRow3, text='Done', command=self.done)
doneBtn.pack(side=Tkinter.RIGHT)
buttonRow3.pack(side=Tkinter.BOTTOM, expand=Tkinter.YES,
fill=Tkinter.X)
buttonRow2 = Frame(self)
runBtn = Button(buttonRow2, text='Run Script',
command=self.playScript)
runBtn.pack(side=Tkinter.LEFT)
buttonRow2.pack(side=Tkinter.BOTTOM, expand=Tkinter.YES,
fill=Tkinter.X)
buttonRow1 = Frame(self)
executeBtn = Button(buttonRow1, text='Execute Command')
executeBtn.pack(side=Tkinter.LEFT)
settingsBtn = Button(buttonRow1, text='Settings...',
command=self.editSettings)
settingsBtn.pack(side=Tkinter.LEFT)
self.verbose = Tkinter.IntVar()
Checkbutton(self,text="Verbose",variable=self.verbose,
command=self.setVerbosity).pack(side=Tkinter.RIGHT)
buttonRow1.pack(side=Tkinter.BOTTOM, expand=Tkinter.YES,
fill=Tkinter.X)
self.pack(expand=Tkinter.YES, fill=Tkinter.BOTH)
self.theParent = parent
def setVerbosity(self):
""" Callback called when the 'Verbose' RadioButton is pressed """
global VERBOSE
VERBOSE = self.verbose.get()
def playScript(self):
""" Callback called when the 'Run Script' button is pressed """
sFilename = getGUIFilename()
if (VERBOSE):
print "Running script file: ", sFilename
runScript (sFilename)
def editScript(self):
""" Callback called when the 'Edit Script' button is pressed """
sFilename = getGUIFilename()
editScript (sFilename)
def executeCommand(self):
""" Callback called when the 'Execute Command' button is pressed """
strCommand = self.commandEnt.get()
if (VERBOSE):
print strCommand, "is being executed"
e

Shadow Detection?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

  Many times, people are warning things like
"Don't use 'str' as a variable name as it will shadow the
built in str function." 
   Is there some way to determine if a string is already
defined in some higher scope?
Maybe something like


if isdefined ('str'):
   print 'str is already defined, please choose another name'



  If not, would it be easy to write this?

Thanks in advance:

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PYTHONPATH vs PATH?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   Someone on my team tried out installing my Python code and
found that setting PYTHONPATH does not work, but setting PATH
environment variable works the way PYTHONPATH should. Is that
how it supposed to be, or is that a bug or feature?

-Original Message-  (parts deleted)
Subject: question on Python for windows

I ran into trouble getting our software to work with the debuggers
based on the user guide (updated after the CDROM).

PYTHONPATH=.;..;DIRECTORY-CONTAINING-scenarios.py
Where DIRECTORY-CONTAINING-PYTHON-SCRIPTS.py is the directory containing
the Python scripts .

this actually is the PATH, not PYTHONPATH, and is correct if you
installed the Python scripts to the Python scripts folder, and then start
up from the Python scripts folder, which I would say is normally not
going to be the case.

I installed our software to C:\sp

I installed Python to E:\Python24 (the default is the same folder on C
drive, I just changed the drive letter)

when I installed the additional 3 packages they knew where Python was
already and all I did was pick the default choices.

but, the trouble was that the PYTHONPATH using . and .. does not find
the Python scripts folder if you are in C:\sp

I used this to make it work (based on Python in E:\Python24 and in C:\sp)

set PATH=%PATH%;E:\Python24;E:\Python24\Scripts

now I start in my C:\sp folder (where the config.txt file is) and
everything works fine

I did try just setting PYTHONPATH but it is actually PATH that matters.
  If you don't include the Python base and Scripts folders in the PATH
it does not work.  I verified that not setting PYTHONPATH but just set
PATH to include the Python base and scripts folders does work.



Thanks in advance:

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Python function returns:

[Michael Yanowitz]

  I am still new to Python but have used it for the last 2+ months.
One thing I'm still not used to is that functions parameters can't
change as expected. For example in C, I can have
 status = get_network_info (strIpAddress, &strHostname, &nPortNumber)
  where this fictitious function returns a status, but also returns modified
values for a hostname and a port number.
  In Python, there does not seem to be an easy way to have functions return
multiple values except it can return a list such as:
strHostname, nPortNumber, status = get_network_info (strIpAddress,
strHostname,
 nPortNumber)
  Am I missing something obvious? Is there a better, or more standard way
to return values from functions?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz


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PyLint results?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   I ran the new pylint and my code and I had a few questions on why those
are warnings or what I can do to fix them:

1) W:  0: Too many lines in module (1587)
 Why is 1587 considered too many lines? Would there be necessarily be an
   advantage to split it up into 2 or 3 files? Can I up the limit?

2) C:  0: Missing required attribute "__revision__"
   What is this? Is that for CVS? I don't use CVS (we use SVN). I have not
   seen any sample code which includes this tag yet. But if I include
   __revision 1.0  somewhere in the code it will remove that warning?

3) W:230:readDiscreteData: Using the global statement
   What is wrong with using the global statement? I know the use of Globals
   should be discouraged, but often they can't be avoided.
   Suppose I have a constant. In C or C++, I could just use a #define and
   it would be known throughout the whole file. In Python, there isn't a
   similar construct, so rather than creating a large parameter list, of
   constants, I like to use globals.

4) W:261:getDiscreteData: Catch "Exception"
   What is wrong with that?

5) R:547:readDiscreteData: Too many branches (28/12)
   Python doesn't have the switch/case statements that C/C++ have. So I
   could have a large block if/elif/else statements.
   Is there any way to avoid that?

6) R:722:waitDiscretes: Too many local variables (38/15)
   That's new to me. What is wrong with too many local variables?
   Can anything be done to improve that besides having too many globals?

7) W:933:sendStringToSocket: Redefining name 'nPortNumber' from outer scope
(line
   What is wrong with using the same variable name in a function that is
used by its caller?

8) W:995:sendStringToSocket: Used builtin function 'map'
   Is that a problem?

  Plus many other warnings about my naming convention or unused variables
which I will ignore
at this time.

  I did find it to be a very useful too any how in cleaning up my code.
I raised my code rate from about -8 to about +7.

Thanks:
Michael Yanowitz









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RE: proposed Python logo

[Michael Yanowitz]

   How about having something from Monty Python in the logo rather
than something snakelike. Python was named after Monty Python and not
the snake. Snakes also don't appear friendly to me.
  I used to have rats as pets. Snakes are murderers of rats. Which I
do find strange that there is a rat on the cover of "Learning Python"
by Oreilly but a Python snake on the "Progamming Python" by Oreilly
book.
   I think something from Monty Python (I haven't watched it recently
to know what would be ideal) would be more appropriate than an ugly
reptile which is usually associated with evil and our reason for leaving
the Garden of Eden.

  (Take me serious or not, I don't care, this is just my opinion,
but with a little humor.)

Thanks in advance:


-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Ant
Sent: Friday, April 21, 2006 6:31 AM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: proposed Python logo


Sorry dude, but it looks like a hairdryer! Imagine it at 16x16 pixels
or smaller, and it'll look like little more than a circle with two
sticks. The current image scales well.

I think that the current logo is fine. Much more professional than the
old image. The + formation is positive enough, and it has a yin-yang
feel to it which to me conjures up the image of balance, not
divisiveness.

JM2PW


  I would like to see a Python Logo
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RE: Python2CPP ?

[Michael Yanowitz]

> First of all: why do you want to translate pythont to C++?
>
> Anyway, this has a C back-end:
> http://www.pypy.org
>
> Szabi

  Thanks. I want to translate from Python to C++ for a few reasons:
1) Curiosity. I would like to see how well the translation goes.
2) Efficiency. It is alot quicker to code something in Python. If I can
   write it in Python and auto-convert it to C++. I would save time coding.
3) Education. I would learn more about Python, C++, their similarities and
differences.
4) Other. Just want to know how well Language translators work these days. I
have seen
   Fortran2C and Pascal2C translators in the past. Would like to see how
well these
   work with Python.

Thanks in advance:

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Python2CPP ?

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   One topic that has always interested me are the Language translators.
Are there any that convert between Python and C++ or Python and Java?
I remember seeing one that converts from Python to or from Perl but couldn't
find it on a quick google search. I did find a Python2C
http://sourceforge.net/projects/p2c/ and I found:
http://www.strout.net/python/ai/python2c.py  which are obviously incomplete.
   I know there have been many discussions recently regarding C and C++.
I am (or is it - was?) a C/C++ programmer for over 15 years. Just started
with Python as we need to write come quick code in script form which can
be generated and run through an interpreter.
   If not could there be a converter from Python to/from Language X and
from Language X to/from C or C++?
   In another thread mentioning a decompiler. Perhaps Python to Assembly
and Assembly 2 C?

Thanks in advance:

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RE: "The World's Most Maintainable Programming Language"

[Michael Yanowitz]

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Peter Hansen
Sent: Thursday, April 06, 2006 8:47 AM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: "The World's Most Maintainable Programming Language"


Mirco Wahab wrote:
> Hi Ralf
>>So we should rename Python into Cottonmouth 
>>to get more attention.
> 
> No, always take some word that relates to
> something more or less 'feminine', its about
> 96% of young males who sit hours on programming
> over their beloved 'languages' ;-)
> 
> Pythia? (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythia)

I guess that would make our motto "Pythia: now you're programming with 
ethylene."

-Peter

  At-least Pythetic isn't a word (yet).

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tuple syntax ',' (ending in comma?)

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   I am still relatively new to Python. I am confused by the syntax for
tuples.
I had:
  thread.start_new_thread(read_data_thread, (strDataFilename))
  and got back the following error:

  File "scene.py", line 256, in readData
thread.start_new_thread(read_data_thread, (strDataFilename))
TypeError: 2nd arg must be a tuple

   The way I fixed this error was I added an extra , (comma) to the tuple:
  thread.start_new_thread(read_data_thread, (strDataFilename,))

  I am just confused by the syntax. I am used to a comma meaning that there
should be another parameter after the comma and if no additional parameter
the comma would not be necessary.

Thanks in advance:



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RE: Remove integer from float number

[Michael Yanowitz]

Sorry about the Top Posting that I did before.
It is just the style I am used to using, and I didn't
realize that it was different here. I won't do it again.

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RE: Remove integer from float number

[Michael Yanowitz]

Sorry, got it backwards:
def printDecimal(number):
if (number >= 0):
  print number - int(number)
else:
  print int(number) - number


-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Michael Yanowitz
Sent: Thursday, March 23, 2006 5:21 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: RE: Remove integer from float number


  how about this solution:
def printDecimal(number):
if (number < 0):
  print number - int(number)
else:
  print int(number) - number


-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Grant Edwards
Sent: Thursday, March 23, 2006 5:11 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: Remove integer from float number


On 2006-03-23, Arne Ludwig <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> With that terse description and the subject line I would interpret the
> OP like so:
>
>>>> print re.sub(".*\.",".","0.666")
> .666
>>>> print re.sub(".*\.",".","123.666")
> .666

Or if you're allergic to regular expressions:

>>> print "." + "0.666".split(".")[-1]
.666
>>> print "." + "123.666".split(".")[-1]
.666
>>> 



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  at   all the way to downtown
   visi.comBurbank!
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RE: Remove integer from float number

[Michael Yanowitz]

  how about this solution:
def printDecimal(number):
if (number < 0):
  print number - int(number)
else:
  print int(number) - number


-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Grant Edwards
Sent: Thursday, March 23, 2006 5:11 PM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: Remove integer from float number


On 2006-03-23, Arne Ludwig <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> With that terse description and the subject line I would interpret the
> OP like so:
>
 print re.sub(".*\.",".","0.666")
> .666
 print re.sub(".*\.",".","123.666")
> .666

Or if you're allergic to regular expressions:

>>> print "." + "0.666".split(".")[-1]
.666
>>> print "." + "123.666".split(".")[-1]
.666
>>> 



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  at   all the way to downtown
   visi.comBurbank!
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RE: struct size confusion:

[Michael Yanowitz]

 Thanks for your and everyone else's feedback.
I got it to work now by prefixing the PACK_FORMAT with "!".
I previously thought I could only use the "!' with the unpack.
I still don't fully understand the byte allignment stuff (I am
sure I will get it eventually), but I am content that it is
working now.


-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf
Of Fredrik Lundh
Sent: Wednesday, March 22, 2006 9:28 AM
To: python-list@python.org
Subject: Re: struct size confusion:


Michael Yanowitz wrote:

>I am relatively new to Python and this is my first post on
> this mailing list.
>
>I am confused as to why I am getting size differences in the following
> cases:
>
> >>> print struct.calcsize("I")
> 4
> >>> print struct.calcsize("H")
> 2
> >>> print struct.calcsize("HI")
> 8
> >>> print struct.calcsize("IH")
> 6
>
>Why is it 8 bytes in the third case and why would it be only 6 bytes
> in the last case if it is 8 in the previous?

because modern platforms tend to use an alignment equal to the size of
the item; 2-byte objects are stored at even addresses, 4-byte objects
are stored at addresses that are multiples of four, etc.

in other words, HI is stored as 2 bytes H data plus 2 bytes padding plus
four bytes I data, while IH is four bytes I data, no padding, and 2 bytes
H data.

>I tried specifying big endian and little endian and they both have
> the same results.

are you sure?  (see below)

> I suspect, there is some kind of padding involved, but it does not
> seem to be done consistently or in a recognizable method.

the alignment options are described in the library reference:

http://docs.python.org/lib/module-struct.html

default is native byte order, native padding:

>>> struct.calcsize("IH")
6
>>> struct.calcsize("HI")
8

to specify other byte orders, use a prefix character. this also disables
padding. e.g.

>>> struct.calcsize("!IH")
6
>>> struct.calcsize("!HI")
6





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struct size confusion:

[Michael Yanowitz]

Hello:

   I am relatively new to Python and this is my first post on
this mailing list.

   I am confused as to why I am getting size differences in the following
cases:

>>> print struct.calcsize("I")
4
>>> print struct.calcsize("H")
2
>>> print struct.calcsize("HI")
8
>>> print struct.calcsize("IH")
6

   Why is it 8 bytes in the third case and why would it be only 6 bytes
in the last case if it is 8 in the previous?

   I tried specifying big endian and little endian and they both have
the same results.

I suspect, there is some kind of padding involved, but it does not
seem to be done consistently or in a recognizable method.

   I will be reading shorts and longs sent from C into Python
through a socket.

   Suppose I know I am getting 34 bytes, and the last 6 bytes are a 2-byte
word followed by a 4-byte int, how can I be assured that it will be in that
format?

   In a test, I am sending data in this format:
  PACK_FORMAT = "HHHI"
which is 34 bytes
   However, when I receive the data, I am using the format:
UNPACK_FORMAT = "!HHHHI"
  which has the extra H in the second to last position to make them
compatible, but that makes it 36 bytes. I am trying to come up with
some explanation as to where the extra 2 bytes come from.

Thanks in advance:

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