[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-14 Thread yanboliang
Github user yanboliang closed the pull request at:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214


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[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-11 Thread yanboliang
Github user yanboliang commented on a diff in the pull request:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91881854
  
--- Diff: examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R ---
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# This example illustrates how to install third-party R packages to 
executors
+# in your SparkR jobs distributed by "spark.lapply".
+#
+# Note: This example will install packages to a temporary directory on 
your machine.
+#   The directory will be removed automatically when the example exit.
+#   You environment should be connected to internet to run this 
example,
+#   otherwise, you should change "repos" to your private repository 
url.
+#   And the environment need to have necessary tools such as gcc to 
compile
+#   and install R package "e1071".
+#
+# To run this example use
+# ./bin/spark-submit examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R
+
+# Load SparkR library into your R session
+library(SparkR)
+
+# Initialize SparkSession
+sparkR.session(appName = "SparkR-native-r-package-example")
+
+# $example on$
+# The directory where the third-party R packages are installed.
+libDir <- paste0(tempdir(), "/", "Rlib")
+dir.create(libDir)
+
+# Downloaded e1071 package source code to a directory
+packagesDir <- paste0(tempdir(), "/", "packages")
+dir.create(packagesDir)
+download.packages("e1071", packagesDir, repos = 
"https://cran.r-project.org";)
+filename <- list.files(packagesDir, "^e1071")
+packagesPath <- file.path(packagesDir, filename)
+# Add the third-party R package to be downloaded with this Spark job on 
every node.
+spark.addFile(packagesPath)
+
+path <- spark.getSparkFiles(filename)
+costs <- exp(seq(from = log(1), to = log(1000), length.out = 5))
+train <- function(cost) {
+if("e1071" %in% rownames(installed.packages(lib = libDir)) == FALSE) {
+install.packages(path, repos = NULL, type = "source")
--- End diff --

Yeah, we have the package content, but it's source package rather than 
binary package, so we can not use ```library``` to load the package. This is 
the pain point for this example. If we illustrate this example with binary 
package, we should provide scripts for different os version, and it require all 
nodes in users' cluster should have the same architecture. So I use source 
package, I think it's a more universal example.


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[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-11 Thread yanboliang
Github user yanboliang commented on a diff in the pull request:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91881006
  
--- Diff: docs/sparkr.md ---
@@ -472,21 +472,17 @@ should fit in a single machine. If that is not the 
case they can do something li
 `dapply`
 
 
-{% highlight r %}
-# Perform distributed training of multiple models with spark.lapply. Here, 
we pass
-# a read-only list of arguments which specifies family the generalized 
linear model should be.
--- End diff --

Sounds good, updated.


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[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-09 Thread felixcheung
Github user felixcheung commented on a diff in the pull request:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91765571
  
--- Diff: docs/sparkr.md ---
@@ -472,21 +472,17 @@ should fit in a single machine. If that is not the 
case they can do something li
 `dapply`
 
 
-{% highlight r %}
-# Perform distributed training of multiple models with spark.lapply. Here, 
we pass
-# a read-only list of arguments which specifies family the generalized 
linear model should be.
-families <- c("gaussian", "poisson")
-train <- function(family) {
-  model <- glm(Sepal.Length ~ Sepal.Width + Species, iris, family = family)
-  summary(model)
-}
-# Return a list of model's summaries
-model.summaries <- spark.lapply(families, train)
+{% include_example lapply r/ml/ml.R %}
+
 
-# Print the summary of each model
-print(model.summaries)
+# spark.lapply with third-party packages
 
-{% endhighlight %}
+Many of the SparkR jobs distributed by `spark.lapply` need supports from 
third-party packages. Rather than installing all necessary packages to all 
executors in advance,
+we could install them during the SparkR interactive session or script. 
Users can add package files or directories by `spark.addFile` firstly,
+download them to every executor node, and install them.
--- End diff --

this kind of sounds like the user will need to separately "download them to 
executor node" - perhaps instead say "by `spark.addFile` first, which 
automatically download them to every executor node, and then install them`?


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[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-09 Thread felixcheung
Github user felixcheung commented on a diff in the pull request:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91766006
  
--- Diff: examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R ---
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# This example illustrates how to install third-party R packages to 
executors
+# in your SparkR jobs distributed by "spark.lapply".
+#
+# Note: This example will install packages to a temporary directory on 
your machine.
+#   The directory will be removed automatically when the example exit.
+#   You environment should be connected to internet to run this 
example,
+#   otherwise, you should change "repos" to your private repository 
url.
+#   And the environment need to have necessary tools such as gcc to 
compile
+#   and install R package "e1071".
+#
+# To run this example use
+# ./bin/spark-submit examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R
+
+# Load SparkR library into your R session
+library(SparkR)
+
+# Initialize SparkSession
+sparkR.session(appName = "SparkR-native-r-package-example")
+
+# $example on$
+# The directory where the third-party R packages are installed.
+libDir <- paste0(tempdir(), "/", "Rlib")
+dir.create(libDir)
+
+# Downloaded e1071 package source code to a directory
+packagesDir <- paste0(tempdir(), "/", "packages")
+dir.create(packagesDir)
+download.packages("e1071", packagesDir, repos = 
"https://cran.r-project.org";)
+filename <- list.files(packagesDir, "^e1071")
+packagesPath <- file.path(packagesDir, filename)
+# Add the third-party R package to be downloaded with this Spark job on 
every node.
+spark.addFile(packagesPath)
+
+path <- spark.getSparkFiles(filename)
+costs <- exp(seq(from = log(1), to = log(1000), length.out = 5))
+train <- function(cost) {
+if("e1071" %in% rownames(installed.packages(lib = libDir)) == FALSE) {
+install.packages(path, repos = NULL, type = "source")
--- End diff --

re: comment 
[here](https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91562425) if you 
already have the package content from sparkFiles you do not need to call 
`install.packages()`, which I think would be better without it.


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[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-09 Thread felixcheung
Github user felixcheung commented on a diff in the pull request:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91765125
  
--- Diff: docs/sparkr.md ---
@@ -472,21 +472,17 @@ should fit in a single machine. If that is not the 
case they can do something li
 `dapply`
 
 
-{% highlight r %}
-# Perform distributed training of multiple models with spark.lapply. Here, 
we pass
-# a read-only list of arguments which specifies family the generalized 
linear model should be.
-families <- c("gaussian", "poisson")
-train <- function(family) {
-  model <- glm(Sepal.Length ~ Sepal.Width + Species, iris, family = family)
-  summary(model)
-}
-# Return a list of model's summaries
--- End diff --

ditto, but minor here


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[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-09 Thread yanboliang
Github user yanboliang commented on a diff in the pull request:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91679010
  
--- Diff: examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R ---
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# This example illustrates how to install third-party R packages to 
executors
+# in your SparkR jobs distributed by "spark.lapply".
+#
+# Note: This example will install packages to a temporary directory on 
your machine.
+#   The directory will be removed automatically when the example exit.
+#   You environment should be connected to internet to run this 
example,
+#   otherwise, you should change "repos" to your private repository 
url.
+#   And the environment need to have necessary tools such as gcc to 
compile
+#   and install R package "e1071".
+#
+# To run this example use
+# ./bin/spark-submit examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R
+
+# Load SparkR library into your R session
+library(SparkR)
+
+# Initialize SparkSession
+sparkR.session(appName = "SparkR-native-r-package-example")
+
+# $example on$
+# The directory where the third-party R packages are installed.
+libDir <- paste0(tempdir(), "/", "Rlib")
+dir.create(libDir)
+
+# Downloaded e1071 package source code to a directory
+packagesDir <- paste0(tempdir(), "/", "packages")
+dir.create(packagesDir)
+download.packages("e1071", packagesDir, repos = 
"https://cran.r-project.org";)
+filename <- list.files(packagesDir, "^e1071")
+packagesPath <- file.path(packagesDir, filename)
+# Add the third-party R package to be downloaded with this Spark job on 
every node.
+spark.addFile(packagesPath)
+
+path <- spark.getSparkFiles(filename)
+costs <- exp(seq(from = log(1), to = log(1000), length.out = 5))
+train <- function(cost) {
+if("e1071" %in% rownames(installed.packages(lib = libDir)) == FALSE) {
+install.packages(path, repos = NULL, type = "source")
+}
+library(e1071)
--- End diff --

Yeah, I run it in standalone mode several times, all work well. But I think 
I can not guarantee it works well always before more careful test, may be I'm 
lucky and not hit the concurrent issue. I'll figure out a religious test to 
verify it later. Thanks.


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[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-08 Thread yanboliang
Github user yanboliang commented on a diff in the pull request:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91667478
  
--- Diff: examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R ---
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# This example illustrates how to use third-party R packages in your task
+# which is distributed by Spark. We support two scenarios:
+#  - Install packages from CRAN to executors directly.
+#  - Install packages from local file system to executors.
+#
+# To run this example use
+# ./bin/spark-submit examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R
+
+# Load SparkR library into your R session
+library(SparkR)
+
+# Initialize SparkSession
+sparkR.session(appName = "SparkR-native-r-package-example")
+
+# Get the location of the default library
+libDir <- .libPaths()[1]
--- End diff --

Good suggestion!


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[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-08 Thread felixcheung
Github user felixcheung commented on a diff in the pull request:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91562472
  
--- Diff: examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R ---
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# This example illustrates how to use third-party R packages in your task
+# which is distributed by Spark. We support two scenarios:
+#  - Install packages from CRAN to executors directly.
+#  - Install packages from local file system to executors.
+#
+# To run this example use
+# ./bin/spark-submit examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R
+
+# Load SparkR library into your R session
+library(SparkR)
+
+# Initialize SparkSession
+sparkR.session(appName = "SparkR-native-r-package-example")
+
+# Get the location of the default library
+libDir <- .libPaths()[1]
+
+# Install third-party R packages from CRAN to executors directly if it 
does not exist,
+# then the packages can be used by the corresponding task.
+
+# Perform distributed training of multiple models with spark.lapply
+costs <- exp(seq(from = log(1), to = log(1000), length.out = 5))
+train <- function(cost) {
+if("e1071" %in% rownames(installed.packages(libDir)) == FALSE) {
+install.packages("e1071", repos = "https://cran.r-project.org";)
+}
+library(e1071)
+model <- svm(Species ~ ., data = iris, cost = cost)
+summary(model)
+}
+model.summaries <- spark.lapply(costs, train)
+
+# Print the summary of each model
+print(model.summaries)
+
+# Install third-party R packages from local file system to executors if it 
does not exist,
+# then the packages can be used by the corresponding task.
+
+# Downloaded e1071 package source code to a directory
+packagesDir <- paste0(tempdir(), "/", "packages")
+dir.create(packagesDir)
+download.packages("e1071", packagesDir, repos = 
"https://cran.r-project.org";)
+filename <- list.files(packagesDir, "^e1071")
+packagesPath <- file.path(packagesDir, filename)
+# Add the third-party R package to be downloaded with this Spark job on 
every node.
+spark.addFile(packagesPath)
+
+path <- spark.getSparkFiles(filename)
+costs <- exp(seq(from = log(1), to = log(1000), length.out = 5))
+train <- function(cost) {
+if("e1071" %in% rownames(installed.packages(libDir)) == FALSE) {
+install.packages(path, repos=NULL, type="source")
--- End diff --

https://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/base/html/library.html


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[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-08 Thread felixcheung
Github user felixcheung commented on a diff in the pull request:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91562425
  
--- Diff: examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R ---
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# This example illustrates how to use third-party R packages in your task
+# which is distributed by Spark. We support two scenarios:
+#  - Install packages from CRAN to executors directly.
+#  - Install packages from local file system to executors.
+#
+# To run this example use
+# ./bin/spark-submit examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R
+
+# Load SparkR library into your R session
+library(SparkR)
+
+# Initialize SparkSession
+sparkR.session(appName = "SparkR-native-r-package-example")
+
+# Get the location of the default library
+libDir <- .libPaths()[1]
+
+# Install third-party R packages from CRAN to executors directly if it 
does not exist,
+# then the packages can be used by the corresponding task.
+
+# Perform distributed training of multiple models with spark.lapply
+costs <- exp(seq(from = log(1), to = log(1000), length.out = 5))
+train <- function(cost) {
+if("e1071" %in% rownames(installed.packages(libDir)) == FALSE) {
+install.packages("e1071", repos = "https://cran.r-project.org";)
+}
+library(e1071)
+model <- svm(Species ~ ., data = iris, cost = cost)
+summary(model)
+}
+model.summaries <- spark.lapply(costs, train)
+
+# Print the summary of each model
+print(model.summaries)
+
+# Install third-party R packages from local file system to executors if it 
does not exist,
+# then the packages can be used by the corresponding task.
+
+# Downloaded e1071 package source code to a directory
+packagesDir <- paste0(tempdir(), "/", "packages")
+dir.create(packagesDir)
+download.packages("e1071", packagesDir, repos = 
"https://cran.r-project.org";)
+filename <- list.files(packagesDir, "^e1071")
+packagesPath <- file.path(packagesDir, filename)
+# Add the third-party R package to be downloaded with this Spark job on 
every node.
+spark.addFile(packagesPath)
+
+path <- spark.getSparkFiles(filename)
+costs <- exp(seq(from = log(1), to = log(1000), length.out = 5))
+train <- function(cost) {
+if("e1071" %in% rownames(installed.packages(libDir)) == FALSE) {
+install.packages(path, repos=NULL, type="source")
--- End diff --

although if this is an example of how R package can be distributed, I 
wouldn't call `install.packages` here, because of secure location and 
duplications.

instead, this could do `library(e1071, lib.loc = path)` - ie. the package 
doesn't need to be "installed" to be loaded.


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[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-08 Thread felixcheung
Github user felixcheung commented on a diff in the pull request:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91561992
  
--- Diff: examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R ---
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# This example illustrates how to use third-party R packages in your task
+# which is distributed by Spark. We support two scenarios:
+#  - Install packages from CRAN to executors directly.
+#  - Install packages from local file system to executors.
+#
+# To run this example use
+# ./bin/spark-submit examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R
+
+# Load SparkR library into your R session
+library(SparkR)
+
+# Initialize SparkSession
+sparkR.session(appName = "SparkR-native-r-package-example")
+
+# Get the location of the default library
+libDir <- .libPaths()[1]
+
+# Install third-party R packages from CRAN to executors directly if it 
does not exist,
+# then the packages can be used by the corresponding task.
+
+# Perform distributed training of multiple models with spark.lapply
+costs <- exp(seq(from = log(1), to = log(1000), length.out = 5))
+train <- function(cost) {
+if("e1071" %in% rownames(installed.packages(libDir)) == FALSE) {
+install.packages("e1071", repos = "https://cran.r-project.org";)
+}
+library(e1071)
+model <- svm(Species ~ ., data = iris, cost = cost)
+summary(model)
+}
+model.summaries <- spark.lapply(costs, train)
+
+# Print the summary of each model
+print(model.summaries)
+
+# Install third-party R packages from local file system to executors if it 
does not exist,
+# then the packages can be used by the corresponding task.
+
+# Downloaded e1071 package source code to a directory
+packagesDir <- paste0(tempdir(), "/", "packages")
+dir.create(packagesDir)
+download.packages("e1071", packagesDir, repos = 
"https://cran.r-project.org";)
+filename <- list.files(packagesDir, "^e1071")
+packagesPath <- file.path(packagesDir, filename)
+# Add the third-party R package to be downloaded with this Spark job on 
every node.
+spark.addFile(packagesPath)
+
+path <- spark.getSparkFiles(filename)
+costs <- exp(seq(from = log(1), to = log(1000), length.out = 5))
+train <- function(cost) {
+if("e1071" %in% rownames(installed.packages(libDir)) == FALSE) {
--- End diff --

ditto


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[GitHub] spark pull request #16214: [SPARK-18325][SPARKR] Add example for using nativ...

2016-12-08 Thread felixcheung
Github user felixcheung commented on a diff in the pull request:

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16214#discussion_r91561800
  
--- Diff: examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R ---
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# This example illustrates how to use third-party R packages in your task
+# which is distributed by Spark. We support two scenarios:
+#  - Install packages from CRAN to executors directly.
+#  - Install packages from local file system to executors.
+#
+# To run this example use
+# ./bin/spark-submit examples/src/main/r/native-r-package.R
+
+# Load SparkR library into your R session
+library(SparkR)
+
+# Initialize SparkSession
+sparkR.session(appName = "SparkR-native-r-package-example")
+
+# Get the location of the default library
+libDir <- .libPaths()[1]
+
+# Install third-party R packages from CRAN to executors directly if it 
does not exist,
+# then the packages can be used by the corresponding task.
+
+# Perform distributed training of multiple models with spark.lapply
+costs <- exp(seq(from = log(1), to = log(1000), length.out = 5))
+train <- function(cost) {
+if("e1071" %in% rownames(installed.packages(libDir)) == FALSE) {
--- End diff --

I'd prefer `installed.packages(lib = libDir)` to be more clear


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