[biofuel] Grass for fuel

[Blaird \(RF Works\)]

Hello everyone and good AM.

I have been told that "sweet grass" is used for making pellets to burn in a 
stove.  I have also been told that a 1 acre field will supply enough heat for 
one average size house.
Does anyone know of or has anyone heard of this??
Where can one by the pelletizer?
What grass is used??

Any help will be appreciated

Regards
Blaird Foxton
www.nvo.com/rfworks




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[Biofuel] Grass for fuel

[dwoodard]

Presumably they could be used for celulose to alcohol processes.
I wonder about the invasiveness of miscanthus.

Thanks to Lawrence F. London on the permaculture list.

Doug Woodard
St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada

-- Forwarded message --



Last Updated: Wednesday, 7 September 2005, 00:49 GMT 01:49 UK
Tall grasses set to power Europe
By Jonathan Amos
BBC News science reporter, Dublin

Miscanthus, University of Illinois
Miscanthus: High output for small input
The fields of Europe could soon take on a shimmering silver colour as
farmers grow giant grasses to try to mitigate the effects of global warming.

The latest studies suggest one form of elephant grass would make a
productive "energy crop" to be burnt in power stations to generate
electricity.

Scientists told a Dublin conference the 4m-high Miscanthus needs little
fertiliser to produce very high yields.

A breeding programme would improve its economics still further, they said.

"There's no reason why in 10 years' time this shouldn't be widely
exploited," commented Professor Mike Jones, an Irish expert on plants
and climate.

"If we grew Miscanthus on 10% of suitable land in [the 15-member]
Europe, then we could generate 9% of the gross electricity production,"
he told the British Association's Festival of Science.

Hectares and barrels

Burning biomass is broadly neutral in terms of its emissions of carbon
dioxide, the major gas thought responsible for warming the planet.

"As the plant grows it is drawing carbon dioxide out of the air,"
explained Professor Steve Long, from the University of Illinois. "When
you burn it, you put that carbon dioxide back, so the net effect on
atmospheric CO2 is zero.

"Whereas, if you take coal out of the ground and burn it, you are adding
a net gain of carbon to the atmosphere."

Professor Long has been cultivating a hybrid of two Miscanthus species
on plots in his home state. The project has managed to achieve yields of
60 tonnes of dry material per hectare.

This is a considerable improvement on the trials that have been
conducted in Europe, where a typical yield is some 12 tonnes per hectare.

But even this lower production provides an energy content equivalent to
about 36 barrels of crude oil. And with a barrel currently priced around
$60, such a yield would have a potential value of about $2,160 per hectare.

Growing interest

"Biomass crops have always been viewed as something that can only make a
tiny contribution to mitigating rising carbon dioxide," said Professor Long.

"The point we want to make is that it could actually make a major
contribution and it doesn't require big technological breakthroughs to
do that."

Farmers are increasingly being drawn to the idea. One of its attractions
is that harvesting takes place at times of the year when machinery in
not being used on food crops.

Added Professor Jones: "This is definitely being taken seriously in the
UK, where the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is now
funding a major breeding programme."

One farmers' cooperative also plans to cultivate 10,000 hectares for
burning over the next three years.

LINKS TO MORE SCIENCE/NATURE STORIES

SEE ALSO:
Climate food crisis 'to deepen'
05 Sep 05 |  Science/Nature
Asian peat fires add to warming
03 Sep 05 |  Science/Nature
UK 'lagging on biomass potential'
11 May 04 |  Science/Nature

RELATED INTERNET LINKS:
BA Festival of Science
BA Festival of Science Webcasts
Trinity College Dublin
Science for a Successful Ireland
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites

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Re: [biofuel] Grass for fuel

[Beth Rosen]

I think that your friend is probably talking about
Switchgrass.  This is a native prairie grass (in the
Midwestern US & parts of Canada) that can be used
as an energy crop.  It has many ecological advantages
over crops like corn & soybeans.  It requires
little (or no) pesticide/herbicide use, and has an
amazing 8 foot deep expansive root system that
prevents erosion & topsoil loss.  Here is a web
site from the Iowa department of natural resources
that describes it in more detail
http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/energy/pubs/irerg/switchgrass.htm.
 It also gives some information about a power plant in
Iowa where they are burning it at 10% along with coal.
 I also found this site
http://www.reap-canada.com/Reports/bioenergy2000Aug2.html
 from Resource Efficient Agricultural Production
(R.E.A.P.)in Canada that promotes the use of biofuel
pellets for home heating and even gives a link for
purchasing pellet stoves.  I've never used Switchgrass
or known anybody who used it, so I can't give you any
firsthand information about this system.

Beth

--- "Blaird (RF Works)"
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hello everyone and good AM.
> 
> I have been told that "sweet grass" is
used for
> making pellets to burn in a stove.  I have also
been
> told that a 1 acre field will supply enough heat
for
> one average size house.
> Does anyone know of or has anyone heard of this??
> Where can one by the pelletizer?
> What grass is used??
> 
> Any help will be appreciated
> 
> Regards
> Blaird Foxton
> www.nvo.com/rfworks
> 
> 
> 
> 
> ---
> Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
> If you get a virus from me, please call 
> ASAP @ 780-464-7059
> Checked by AVG anti-virus system
> (http://www.grisoft.com).
> Version: 6.0.408 / Virus Database: 230 - Release
> Date: 24/10/02
> 
> [Non-text portions of this message have been
> removed]
> 
> 
> 


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Re: [biofuel] Grass for fuel

[Keith Addison]

Hello Beth

Oh, switchgrass. Clever you, "sweet grass" had me puzzled.

Blaird, there's been quite a lot of discussion of switchgrass here. 
Do an archive search for "switchgrass":
http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel
Info-Archive at NNYTech

Best

Keith


>I think that your friend is probably talking about
>Switchgrass.  This is a native prairie grass (in the
>Midwestern US & parts of Canada) that can be used
>as an energy crop.  It has many ecological advantages
>over crops like corn & soybeans.  It requires
>little (or no) pesticide/herbicide use, and has an
>amazing 8 foot deep expansive root system that
>prevents erosion & topsoil loss.  Here is a web
>site from the Iowa department of natural resources
>that describes it in more detail
>http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/energy/pubs/irerg/switchgrass.htm.
> It also gives some information about a power plant in
>Iowa where they are burning it at 10% along with coal.
> I also found this site
>http://www.reap-canada.com/Reports/bioenergy2000Aug2.html
> from Resource Efficient Agricultural Production
>(R.E.A.P.)in Canada that promotes the use of biofuel
>pellets for home heating and even gives a link for
>purchasing pellet stoves.  I've never used Switchgrass
>or known anybody who used it, so I can't give you any
>firsthand information about this system.
>
>Beth
>
>--- "Blaird (RF Works)"
><[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> Hello everyone and good AM.
>>
>> I have been told that "sweet grass" is
>used for
>> making pellets to burn in a stove.  I have also
>been
>> told that a 1 acre field will supply enough heat
>for
>> one average size house.
>> Does anyone know of or has anyone heard of this??
>> Where can one by the pelletizer?
>> What grass is used??
>>
>> Any help will be appreciated
>>
>> Regards
>> Blaird Foxton
>> www.nvo.com/rfworks
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> ---
>> Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
>> If you get a virus from me, please call
>> ASAP @ 780-464-7059
>> Checked by AVG anti-virus system
>> (http://www.grisoft.com).
>> Version: 6.0.408 / Virus Database: 230 - Release
>> Date: 24/10/02
>>


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Re: [Biofuel] Grass for fuel

[Keith Addison]

Hello Doug

>Presumably they could be used for celulose to alcohol processes.

More like biomass energy I think, and Fischer-Tropsch fuel:

http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/msg09335.html
Re: [biofuel] VW presents new synthetic fuel strategy

>I wonder about the invasiveness of miscanthus.

You might find something at these databases, though I think 
invasiveness is often a synonym for bad management:

NewCrop SearchEngine at the Center for New Crops & Plant Products at 
Purdue University -- Search for "oil". Results: "The following pages 
containing 'oil' were found -- hits 1-20 of 200". Results are 
hyperlinked to detailed factsheets.
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/SearchEngine.html

Plants For A Future -- Database Search -- See "Search by Use - Select 
any of the following uses. Or select none and use the plant criteria 
below." Select "Other Use" - oil. Results: "Other Use: Oil (460)". 
Results are hyperlinked to detailed factsheets.
http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/D_search.html

>Thanks to Lawrence F. London on the permaculture list.

His website:
http://www.ibiblio.org/london/
EcoLandTech

Best

Keith

>Doug Woodard
>St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
>
>-- Forwarded message --
>
>
>
>Last Updated: Wednesday, 7 September 2005, 00:49 GMT 01:49 UK
>Tall grasses set to power Europe
>By Jonathan Amos
>BBC News science reporter, Dublin
>
>Miscanthus, University of Illinois
>Miscanthus: High output for small input
>The fields of Europe could soon take on a shimmering silver colour as
>farmers grow giant grasses to try to mitigate the effects of global warming.
>
>The latest studies suggest one form of elephant grass would make a
>productive "energy crop" to be burnt in power stations to generate
>electricity.
>
>Scientists told a Dublin conference the 4m-high Miscanthus needs little
>fertiliser to produce very high yields.
>
>A breeding programme would improve its economics still further, they said.
>
>"There's no reason why in 10 years' time this shouldn't be widely
>exploited," commented Professor Mike Jones, an Irish expert on plants
>and climate.
>
>"If we grew Miscanthus on 10% of suitable land in [the 15-member]
>Europe, then we could generate 9% of the gross electricity production,"
>he told the British Association's Festival of Science.
>
>Hectares and barrels
>
>Burning biomass is broadly neutral in terms of its emissions of carbon
>dioxide, the major gas thought responsible for warming the planet.
>
>"As the plant grows it is drawing carbon dioxide out of the air,"
>explained Professor Steve Long, from the University of Illinois. "When
>you burn it, you put that carbon dioxide back, so the net effect on
>atmospheric CO2 is zero.
>
>"Whereas, if you take coal out of the ground and burn it, you are adding
>a net gain of carbon to the atmosphere."
>
>Professor Long has been cultivating a hybrid of two Miscanthus species
>on plots in his home state. The project has managed to achieve yields of
>60 tonnes of dry material per hectare.
>
>This is a considerable improvement on the trials that have been
>conducted in Europe, where a typical yield is some 12 tonnes per hectare.
>
>But even this lower production provides an energy content equivalent to
>about 36 barrels of crude oil. And with a barrel currently priced around
>$60, such a yield would have a potential value of about $2,160 per hectare.
>
>Growing interest
>
>"Biomass crops have always been viewed as something that can only make a
>tiny contribution to mitigating rising carbon dioxide," said Professor Long.
>
>"The point we want to make is that it could actually make a major
>contribution and it doesn't require big technological breakthroughs to
>do that."
>
>Farmers are increasingly being drawn to the idea. One of its attractions
>is that harvesting takes place at times of the year when machinery in
>not being used on food crops.
>
>Added Professor Jones: "This is definitely being taken seriously in the
>UK, where the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is now
>funding a major breeding programme."
>
>One farmers' cooperative also plans to cultivate 10,000 hectares for
>burning over the next three years.
>
>LINKS TO MORE SCIENCE/NATURE STORIES
>
>SEE ALSO:
>Climate food crisis 'to deepen'
>05 Sep 05 |  Science/Nature
>Asian peat fires add to warming
>03 Sep 05 |  Science/Nature
>UK 'lagging on biomass potential'
>11 May 04 |  Science/Nature
>
>RELATED INTERNET LINKS:
>BA Festival of Science
>BA Festival of Science Webcasts
>Trinity College Dublin
>Science for a Successful Ireland
>The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites


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Re: [Biofuel] Grass for fuel

[MH]

> >I wonder about the invasiveness of miscanthus. 

 "Other varieties of Miscanthus have been grown successfully in Indiana,
 Michigan and Ohio. However, the giant Miscanthus being grown by the
 Illinois researchers has the greatest potential as a fuel source because of
 its high yields and because it is sterile and cannot become a weed, Heaton
 said. “Miscanthus sacchariflorus and some of the other fertile Miscanthus
 species can be quite invasive,” she said.

 At a research station near Hornum, Denmark, giant Miscanthus has been
 grown for 22 years in Europe’s longest-running experimental field. The crop
 has never been invasive and rhizome spread has been no more than 1.5
 meters (4.92 feet), said Uffe Jorgensen, senior scientist for the Danish
 Institute of Agricultural Sciences." 


 Hybrid Grass Shows Strong Biomass Potential 
 October 12, 2005 
 http://renewableenergyaccess.com 

 Doctoral student Emily Heaton stands next to a plot of Giant Miscanthus,
 a hybrid grass that she and her research fellows have shown could become
 a valuable fuel source. 

 Photo: Kwame Ross 

 Champaign, Illinois [RenewableEnergyAccess.com] Ethanol and biodiesel
 are the biofuel favorites in the US right now but new research is
 suggesting some new contenders may be on the way. Giant Miscanthus
 (Miscanthus x giganteus), a hybrid grass that can grow 13 feet high,
 may become a valuable renewable energy as a source of solid fuel,
 researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) say. 

 In addition to being a clean, efficient and renewable fuel source,
 Miscanthus is easy to grow. Upon reaching maturity, Miscanthus has
 few needs as it outgrows weeds, requires little water and minimal
 fertilizer and thrives in untilled fields, Heaton said, where
 various wildlife species make their homes in the plant's leafy canopy
 and surrounding undisturbed soil. 

 Stephen P. Long, professor of crop sciences and of plant biology at
 UIUC recently gave that message to the BA Festival of Science in Ireland,
 sponsored by the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
 Here in the states, two of Long's doctoral students, Emily A. Heaton and
 Frank G. Dohleman, delivered their Miscanthus findings at the 49th annual
 Agronomy Day, held on the UIUC campus and attended by more than
 1,100 visitors from across the Midwest.

 "Forty percent of U.S. energy is used as electricity," Heaton said.
 "The easiest way to get electricity is using a solid fuel such as coal."
 They have found that dry, leafless Miscanthus stems can be used as a solid 
fuel.
 The cool-weather-friendly perennial grass grows from an underground stem-like 
organ
 called a rhizome. A crop native to Asia and a relative of sugarcane,
 Miscanthus drops its leaves in the winter, leaving behind tall bamboo-like 
stems
 that can be harvested in spring and burned for fuel.

 Using a computer simulation, Heaton predicted that if just
 10 percent of Illinois land mass was devoted to Miscanthus, it could provide
 50 percent of Illinois' electricity needs. Using Miscanthus for energy
 would not necessarily reduce energy costs in the short term, Heaton said,
 but there would be significant savings in carbon dioxide production.

 Rhizomatous grasses such as Miscanthus are very clean fuels, said Dohleman,
 who is studying for his doctorate in plant biology. Nutrients such as
 nitrogen are transferred to the rhizome to be saved until the next
 growing season, he said. 

 Burning Miscanthus produces only as much carbon dioxide as it
 removes from the air as it grows, said Heaton, who is seeking
 her doctorate in crop sciences. That balance means there is
 no net effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, which is
 not the case with fossil fuels, she said.

 Miscanthus also is a very efficient fuel, because
 the energy ratio of input to output is less than 0.2, Heaton said.
 In contrast, the ratios exceed 0.8 for ethanol and biodiesel from canola,
 which are other plant-derived energy sources.

 In addition to being a clean, efficient and renewable fuel source,
 Miscanthus is easy to grow. Upon reaching maturity, Miscanthus has
 few needs as it outgrows weeds, requires little water and minimal
 fertilizer and thrives in untilled fields, Heaton said, where
 various wildlife species make their homes in the plant's leafy
 canopy and surrounding undisturbed soil.

 Long said Illinois researchers have found that Miscanthus grown in
 the state has greater crop yields than in Europe, where it has
 been used commercially for years. Last year, Illinois researchers
 obtained 60 tons per hectare (2.47 acre), Long said at the BA
 Festival of Science. "It is my hope that Illinois will take the
 lead in renewable energy and that the state will benefit from that lead."

 Full-grown plants produce 10-30 tons per acre dry weight each year.
 Miscanthus yields in lowland areas around the Alps, where the climate is
 similar to the Midwest, are at least 25 tons per acre dry weight

Re: [Biofuel] Grass for fuel

[Jason and Katie]

having read this article, i seem to be missing some of the math...
this miscanthus is a rhizome, correct? and like other rhizomes (i.e.
strawberries) there is a good sized chunk of sugars and other carbon based
items stored in the root/stem system, also correct? so that would imply that
it STORES carbon and does not reintroduce all of it when burned, because it
stays in the field as the "jump start" for the next growing season. am i
correct in this extrapolation?

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Re: [Biofuel] Grass for fuel

[MH]

> Jason and Katie wrote: 
> having read this article, i seem to be missing some of the math...
> this miscanthus is a rhizome, correct? and like other rhizomes (i.e.
> strawberries) there is a good sized chunk of sugars and other carbon based
> items stored in the root/stem system, also correct? so that would imply that
> it STORES carbon and does not reintroduce all of it when burned, because it
> stays in the field as the "jump start" for the next growing season. am i
> correct in this extrapolation?


 It sounds that way to me and the math I wondered
 about is tonnage or tons compared to tonnes. 
 The 25 ton/acre or 60 tonnes/hectare from
 Giant Miscanthus compared to corn grain and
 corn stover yields sounds pretty good if I look
 only at the high end of the "10-30 tons per acre
 dry weight each year".  This makes me wonder about
 the dry ton yield per acre for cellulosic ethanol
 compared to switchgrass or corn or sugar cane. 

 "Biofuels and Agriculture A Factsheet for Farmers"
 4 page, 584k PDF ftp://bioenergy.ornl.gov/pub/pdfs/farmerfactsheet.pdf 
  - A bushel of corn (56 lb or 25 kg) yields
about 2.5 US gallons (9.5 liters) of ethanol
 - A ton (2000 lb or 980 kg) of corn stover will yield
about 80-90 US gallons (300-340 liters) of ethanol,
 - A ton of switchgrass will yield
in the range 75-100 US gallons (285-380 liters) 

 "Biofuels from Switchgrass: Greener Energy Pastures"
 http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers/misc/switgrs.html
 "Bransby's 6-year average, 11.5 tons a year,
 translates into about 1,150 gallons of ethanol per acre."

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Re: [Biofuel] Grass for fuel

[E. C.]

.. all well & good; but i've read (somewhere) that
Butanol is greatly superior to ethanol as a fuel in IC
engines; that it is more eco-friendly; that it can be
produced from biomass, but the process is somewhat
more difficult than ethanol production .. anyone into
this area of investigation? 

--- MH <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> > Jason and Katie wrote: 
> > having read this article, i seem to be missing
> some of the math...
> > this miscanthus is a rhizome, correct? and like
> other rhizomes (i.e.
> > strawberries) there is a good sized chunk of
> sugars and other carbon based
> > items stored in the root/stem system, also
> correct? so that would imply that
> > it STORES carbon and does not reintroduce all of
> it when burned, because it
> > stays in the field as the "jump start" for the
> next growing season. am i
> > correct in this extrapolation?
> 
> 
>  It sounds that way to me and the math I wondered
>  about is tonnage or tons compared to tonnes. 
>  The 25 ton/acre or 60 tonnes/hectare from
>  Giant Miscanthus compared to corn grain and
>  corn stover yields sounds pretty good if I look
>  only at the high end of the "10-30 tons per acre
>  dry weight each year".  This makes me wonder about
>  the dry ton yield per acre for cellulosic ethanol
>  compared to switchgrass or corn or sugar cane. 
> 
>  "Biofuels and Agriculture A Factsheet for Farmers"
>  4 page, 584k PDF
>
ftp://bioenergy.ornl.gov/pub/pdfs/farmerfactsheet.pdf
> 
>   - A bushel of corn (56 lb or 25 kg) yields
> about 2.5 US gallons (9.5 liters) of ethanol
>  - A ton (2000 lb or 980 kg) of corn stover will
> yield
> about 80-90 US gallons (300-340 liters) of
> ethanol,
>  - A ton of switchgrass will yield
> in the range 75-100 US gallons (285-380 liters) 
> 
>  "Biofuels from Switchgrass: Greener Energy
> Pastures"
>  http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers/misc/switgrs.html
>  "Bransby's 6-year average, 11.5 tons a year,
>  translates into about 1,150 gallons of ethanol per
> acre."
> 
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Re: [Biofuel] Grass for fuel and food

[Pannirselvam P.V]

    Helo  WOODARD 
    
 The maxium  photosynthetic is also possible  protein is
also  production per hector is possible which can be easily
extracted using  alkali treatment or Excellent mushroom can be
obtained from this plants. followed by  small scale
biogasification or thermal gasification or ethanol production. Here in
Brazil several grass are made survival posssible even in dry
climate.South africa  and India where population  are mor can
make use of this plant  to make fuel and food .



  In our university, the  experimental results obtained
recently show a  very  high prodction of  biomass is
obtained usig Elefant grass   by using treated  municipal
sewage  and hence very good project to make not only fuel but
also  protein feed from  biomass. Thus small biomass
refinery  can be made possible using this elephant grass as
this  plant produce the maxium protein  from plant source.

  Thank wood , as this plant can reduce well carbon diocxide  and hence reduce the climate  change .
    

sd
Pannirselvam
 
On 9/7/05, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Presumably they could be used for celulose to alcohol processes.I wonder about the invasiveness of miscanthus.
Thanks to Lawrence F. London on the permaculture list.Doug WoodardSt. Catharines, Ontario, Canada-- Forwarded message --<
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4220790.stm>Last Updated: Wednesday, 7 September 2005, 00:49 GMT 01:49 UKTall grasses set to power EuropeBy Jonathan AmosBBC News science reporter, Dublin
Miscanthus, University of IllinoisMiscanthus: High output for small inputThe fields of Europe could soon take on a shimmering silver colour asfarmers grow giant grasses to try to mitigate the effects of global warming.
The latest studies suggest one form of elephant grass would make aproductive "energy crop" to be burnt in power stations to generateelectricity.Scientists told a Dublin conference the 4m-high Miscanthus needs little
fertiliser to produce very high yields.A breeding programme would improve its economics still further, they said."There's no reason why in 10 years' time this shouldn't be widelyexploited," commented Professor Mike Jones, an Irish expert on plants
and climate."If we grew Miscanthus on 10% of suitable land in [the 15-member]Europe, then we could generate 9% of the gross electricity production,"he told the British Association's Festival of Science.
Hectares and barrelsBurning biomass is broadly neutral in terms of its emissions of carbondioxide, the major gas thought responsible for warming the planet."As the plant grows it is drawing carbon dioxide out of the air,"
explained Professor Steve Long, from the University of Illinois. "Whenyou burn it, you put that carbon dioxide back, so the net effect onatmospheric CO2 is zero."Whereas, if you take coal out of the ground and burn it, you are adding
a net gain of carbon to the atmosphere."Professor Long has been cultivating a hybrid of two Miscanthus specieson plots in his home state. The project has managed to achieve yields of60 tonnes of dry material per hectare.
This is a considerable improvement on the trials that have beenconducted in Europe, where a typical yield is some 12 tonnes per hectare.But even this lower production provides an energy content equivalent to
about 36 barrels of crude oil. And with a barrel currently priced around$60, such a yield would have a potential value of about $2,160 per hectare.Growing interest"Biomass crops have always been viewed as something that can only make a
tiny contribution to mitigating rising carbon dioxide," said Professor Long."The point we want to make is that it could actually make a majorcontribution and it doesn't require big technological breakthroughs to
do that."Farmers are increasingly being drawn to the idea. One of its attractionsis that harvesting takes place at times of the year when machinery innot being used on food crops.Added Professor Jones: "This is definitely being taken seriously in the
UK, where the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is nowfunding a major breeding programme."One farmers' cooperative also plans to cultivate 10,000 hectares forburning over the next three years.
LINKS TO MORE SCIENCE/NATURE STORIESSEE ALSO:Climate food crisis 'to deepen'05 Sep 05 |  Science/NatureAsian peat fires add to warming03 Sep 05 |  Science/NatureUK 'lagging on biomass potential'
11 May 04 |  Science/NatureRELATED INTERNET LINKS:BA Festival of ScienceBA Festival of Science WebcastsTrinity College DublinScience for a Successful IrelandThe BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites
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