[AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
I really don't know Pam, I never had the opportunity to learn direct from my ancestors as they were all deceased when I was born. On my father's side I believe they moved when the Emperor moved from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro and with him thousands of people moved from Portugal to Brazil the capital for the Empire moved from Lisbon to Rio. My 4th grandfather was a Captain when he moved. To add to what Hermano said, I think that the easiness of not having to learn a new language also played a role on their choices as well as opportunities to have a better life. Isabella Baltar myportuguesegen.blogspot.com On Monday, July 14, 2014 8:12:44 PM UTC-4, Pam Santos wrote: > > I was wondering if anyone had any stories that were passed down to why > some family members went to Hawaii, while other siblings went to > Massachusettes or Brazil? What was the reason? I had 6 siblings 2 went to > Hawaii and the others went to Massachusettes. I am in the process of > tracking down Cabral siblings and will have to check both places. > -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
[AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Pam, I don't have any stories passed down, but since all my Hawaii folks came during the first wave of the sugar plantation migration, I suspect that was their motivation. I know for a fact that my de Braga ancestors came to work the sugar planation because I have a copy of the contract that they signed before they left Maia. I am sure you know all or most of what I'm going to write, so this mostly for others not familiar with the Hawaii migration. I would think the reasons as to why some went one way and some went the other might have to do with timing and recruitment. For instance, whaling was big before the sugar plantation migration. Then the sugar plantation migration started in the late 1870s. Recruitment was heavy to bring Madeirans and Azoreans to Hawaii. There were no quotas since their goal was to over power the Asian immigrant population which the White plantation owners found to be dangerous (remember this was a very racist era). The Azoreans and Madeirans were chosen for specific reasons over other Europeans, even mainland Portuguese. They were observed for a year or so before being deemed suitable to suit their needs. The plantation representative noticed they were not the type to protest or organize against unfair work conditions and they were poor and illiterate, which they thought meant they were ripe for leaving for a better situation. In the mid-1880s, the cost of bringing the Portuguese to Hawaii was starting to weigh on plantation owners. It is expensive to bring a whole family to Hawaii from halfway across the globe. I don't have the list in front of me but there is a gap in migration at the end of the 1880s. Then they restarted again around 1899 for the next phase which ended around 1918. So, it may be during those lulls in Hawaii recruitment, other industries from the US began to recruit. Or, it could be that people who migrated from the Azores/Madeira to Massachusetts and other East Coast states were writing back home saying "you see the jobs here! There is work for everyone!" I see many more of my Maia cousins leaving for Massachusetts after 1890, so I think that's probably the case--one family member going to set things up, find a place to live, and get work, then sending home to bring others over. One factor I did not mention that made the second wave of migration different from the first to Hawaii is annexation and becoming a territory of the US. Indenture servitude was against US law by the 1890s. Contract labor where a person is committed for 2-3 year in exchange for work and other benefits is considered in the same category. This meant it was also against the law in Hawaii. The second wave was recruited from Madeira, Azores, and Portugal, but these people did not have the same kind of contracts like the earlier wave. It's interesting because this group, especially those from Portugal were the least satisfied with Hawaii. The first wave integrated very easily and had no problem adapting to a mutliracial plantation setting. Those from mainland Portugal were especially disgruntled with the whole situation. A lot of those in the second wave, especially from Portugal, stayed for a year or two, then went home or moved to California. The first wave pretty much had established themselves as a part of Hawaiian society after 2-3 years. Most of these people never returned to their homeland. Some moved on to California, but that was more due to economic reasons. Probably more history than anyone wants to know ;) -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
[AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
My ancestors came to Brazil from São Miguel, and I know that some of my family's cousins went to Hawaii. This was from the same village. As far as I could tell, it had to do with when they left. They had different waves of immigrations. So, in a certain year, recruiters would come to bring people to Hawaii. When my ancestors left, most people were going to Brazil. Interestingly enough, my ancestors also worked on sugar plantations, but in Brazil. On Monday, July 14, 2014 8:12:44 PM UTC-4, Pam Santos wrote: > > I was wondering if anyone had any stories that were passed down to why > some family members went to Hawaii, while other siblings went to > Massachusettes or Brazil? What was the reason? I had 6 siblings 2 went to > Hawaii and the others went to Massachusettes. I am in the process of > tracking down Cabral siblings and will have to check both places. > -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Pam, Mel is the expert on Hawaii. The sugar or pineapple, etc, owners wanted to bring in whole families to the Hawaiian islands who were used to living on islands. They recruited heavily from Madeira and Sao Miguel. I don't know what perks were given to them to get them to Hawaii. But that was the draw to Hawaii. As to Massachusetts, Rhode Island, or anywhere in New England: I think people went there because a Portuguese community was established. They could find work in the factories and the mills. And many had family or someone knew of someone who knew your family. Brazil: Maybe the reason Isabel gave. And there are probably more reasons as well. And more reasons to go to New England or Hawaii. There is a time period where they do ask on the passaportes why they are leaving the Azores. "For a better life," "To make a fortune," were some of the reasons that I saw. Cheri Mello Listowner, Azores-Gen Researching: Vila Franca, Ponta Garca, Ribeira Quente, Ribeira das Tainhas, Achada -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning the Hawaiian migration. "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic conditions in the mother country, and particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had been for many years the mainstay of the Madeiran economy. During the 1850's, however, the vineyards were laid waste by a blight that crippled the wine industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the destruction of the vineyards. As conditions worsened, Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United States and Hawaii. During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of laborers for her sugar plantations. The large scale cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of inexpensive labor. The demand for plantation workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with the United States in 1876, which facilitated the exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian population had caused planters and government officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land and increase the population of the Kingdom. Several thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860's and 1870's. Yet the Chinese seldom brought their families, and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other residents of Hawaii caused many of the latter to demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. In 1876, *Mr. Jacintho Pereira,* a Portuguese citizen and proprietor of a successful dry goods store in Honolulu, came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the Hawaiian government investigate the possibility of solving Hawaii's labor and population problems by encouraging the immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The government contacted *Dr. William Hillebrand* who was living at that time in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii's agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the first contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the Priscilla." *1853* Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. *1876* Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. *1877* The St. Antonio Society, a Portuguese benevolent association, is established in Honolulu. *1878* Census shows more than 400 Portuguese in Hawaii. *1878* The ship Priscilla arrives in Honolulu harbor on September 30. 1878 with the first major contingent of Portuguese immigrants to Hawaii (about 120 men, women and children). *1879* The ship Ravenscrag arrives in Honolulu harbor on August 23, 1879 with the second large group of Portuguese settlers in Hawaii (419 men, women and children). These settlers brought with them the Portuguese braguinha, the instrument that became the 'ukulele. *1882* The Government of Hawaii signs an immigration treaty with Portugal. *1893* Portuguese support the establishment of the Hawaiian Republic. *1900* Portuguese population numbers 18,272, approximately 12% of the total population of the Hawaiian Islands. *1900* to Period of Portuguese migration from the plantations to Honolulu and other towns. *1913* The Ascot arrives in Honolulu harbor with 1,283 Portuguese immigrants aboard. This ship is usually considered the last of the 29 immigrant ships. * Ships bearing Portuguese Settlers to Hawaii, 1878-1913* 1. September 30, 1878 Ship Priscilla (German bark) arrived 116 days out from Funchal, Madeira, with 80 men, 40 women, 60 children. Total 180. (Portuguese consular documents indicate approximately 120 passengers). 2. August 23, 1879 Ship Ravenscrag (British) arrived 123 days out from Madeira with 133 men, 110 women, 176 children. Total 419. 3. January 24, 1880 Ship High Flyer (British bark) arrived 99 days out from *St. Michael, Azores,* with 109 men, 81 women, 147 children. Total 337. 4. May 2, 1881 Ship High Flyer (British bark) arrived 130 days out from *St. Michael, Azores*, with 173 men, 66 women, 113 children. Total 352. 5. August 25, 1881 Ship Suffolk (British bark) arrived 102 days out from *St. Michael, Azores*, with 206 men, 100 women, 182 children. Total 488. 6. March 27, 1882 Ship Earl Delhausie (British bark) arrived 113 days out from *St. Michael, Azores*, with 94 men, 82 women, 146 children. Total 322. 7. June 8, 1882 Steamship Monarch (British) arrived 57 days out from *St. Michael, Azores*, with 202 men, 197 women, 458 children. Total 857. 8. September 15, 1882 Steamship Hansa (British) arrived 70 days out from *Azores*, with 307 men, 286 women, 584 children. Total 1177. 9. May 4, 1883 Steamship Abergeldie (British) arrived 62 days out from* Azores*, with 264 men, 190 women, 484 children. Total 938. 10. July 9, 1883 Steamship Hankow (British) arrived 66 days out from *St. Michael, Azores*, & Madeira with 427 men, 317 wo
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Funny how the government blurb you posted differs a little from the information obtained from the plantations there. -- Cheri Mello Listowner, Azores-Gen Researching: Vila Franca, Ponta Garca, Ribeira Quente, Ribeira das Tainhas, Achada -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Excellent thanks for all your responses!! On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 12:03 PM, Cheri Mello wrote: > Funny how the government blurb you posted differs a little from the > information obtained from the plantations there. > -- > Cheri Mello > Listowner, Azores-Gen > Researching: Vila Franca, Ponta Garca, Ribeira Quente, Ribeira das > Tainhas, Achada > > -- > For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail > (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at > http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the > right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my > membership." > --- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Azores Genealogy" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. > Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores. > -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
RE: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Hi! Thank you for yor post luiznoia. Will you let us know what/where is the information you gave us "done by the Azores Government"? Thank you in advance :) eliseu De: azores@googlegroups.com [mailto:azores@googlegroups.com] Em nome de luiznoia . Enviada: terça-feira, 15 de Julho de 2014 18:55 Para: Azores Genealogy Assunto: Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning the Hawaiian migration. "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic conditions in the mother country, and particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had been for many years the mainstay of the Madeiran economy. During the 1850's, however, the vineyards were laid waste by a blight that crippled the wine industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the destruction of the vineyards. As conditions worsened, Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United States and Hawaii. During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of laborers for her sugar plantations. The large scale cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of inexpensive labor. The demand for plantation workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with the United States in 1876, which facilitated the exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian population had caused planters and government officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land and increase the population of the Kingdom. Several thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860's and 1870's. Yet the Chinese seldom brought their families, and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other residents of Hawaii caused many of the latter to demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. In 1876, Mr. Jacintho Pereira, a Portuguese citizen and proprietor of a successful dry goods store in Honolulu, came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the Hawaiian government investigate the possibility of solving Hawaii's labor and population problems by encouraging the immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The government contacted Dr. William Hillebrand who was living at that time in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii's agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the first contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the Priscilla." 1853 Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. 1876 Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. 1877 The St. Antonio Society, a Portuguese benevolent association, is established in Honolulu. 1878 Census shows more than 400 Portuguese in Hawaii. 1878 The ship Priscilla arrives in Honolulu harbor on September 30. 1878 with the first major contingent of Portuguese immigrants to Hawaii (about 120 men, women and children). 1879 The ship Ravenscrag arrives in Honolulu harbor on August 23, 1879 with the second large group of Portuguese settlers in Hawaii (419 men, women and children). These settlers brought with them the Portuguese braguinha, the instrument that became the 'ukulele. 1882 The Government of Hawaii signs an immigration treaty with Portugal. 1893 Portuguese support the establishment of the Hawaiian Republic. 1900 Portuguese population numbers 18,272, approximately 12% of the total population of the Hawaiian Islands. 1900 to Period of Portuguese migration from the plantations to Honolulu and other towns. 1913 The Ascot arrives in Honolulu harbor with 1,283 Portuguese immigrants aboard. This ship is usually considered the last of the 29 immigrant ships. Ships bearing Portuguese Settlers to Hawaii, 1878-1913 1. September 30, 1878 Ship Priscilla (German bark) arrived 116 days out from Funchal, Madeira, with 80 men, 40 women, 60 children. Total 180. (Portuguese consular documents indicate approximately 120 passengers). 2. August 23, 1879 Ship Ravenscrag (British) arrived 123 days out from Madeira with 133 men, 110 women, 176 children. Total 419. 3. January 24, 1880 Ship High Flyer (British bark) arrived 99 days out from St. Michael, Azores, with 109 men, 81 women, 147 children. Total 337. 4. May 2, 1881 Ship High Flyer (British bark) arrived 130 days out from St. Michael, Azores, with 173 men, 66 women, 113 children. Total 352. 5. August 25, 1881 Ship Suffolk (British bark) arrived 102 days out from St. Michael, Azores, with 206 men, 100 women, 182 children. Total 488. 6. March 27, 1882 Ship Earl Delhausie (British bark) arrived 113 days out from St. Michael, Azores, with 94 men, 82 women, 146 children. Total 322. 7. June 8, 18
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
I have a copy of my 2nd great grandfathers Honolulu plantation work contract from 1883 - he ended up on the island of Kauai, I don't know how if this was by choice or designation. - 9 USD per month for 1 year - Not sure the equivalent to the current Azores currency at that time. Anyone? Tanya On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 8:54 AM, luiznoia . wrote: > The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning the > Hawaiian migration. > > "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic > conditions in the mother country, and > particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had been > for many years the mainstay of the > Madeiran economy. During the 1850’s, however, the vineyards were laid > waste by a blight that crippled the wine > industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the destruction of > the vineyards. As conditions worsened, > Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United States and > Hawaii. > > During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of laborers for > her sugar plantations. The large scale > cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of inexpensive > labor. The demand for plantation > workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with the > United States in 1876, which facilitated the > exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian > population had caused planters and government > officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land and > increase the population of the Kingdom. Several > thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860’s and 1870’s. Yet the > Chinese seldom brought their families, > and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other residents > of Hawaii caused many of the latter to > demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. > > In 1876, *Mr. Jacintho Pereira,* a Portuguese citizen and proprietor of a > successful dry goods store in Honolulu, > came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the Hawaiian > government investigate the possibility of > solving Hawaii’s labor and population problems by encouraging the > immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The > government contacted *Dr. William Hillebrand* who was living at that time > in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii’s > agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the first > contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the > Priscilla." > > *1853* Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. > > *1876* Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii > recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of > Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. > > *1877* The St. Antonio Society, a Portuguese benevolent association, is > established in Honolulu. > > *1878* Census shows more than 400 Portuguese in Hawaii. > > *1878* The ship Priscilla arrives in Honolulu harbor on September 30. > 1878 with the first major contingent of Portuguese >immigrants to Hawaii (about 120 men, women and children). > > *1879* The ship Ravenscrag arrives in Honolulu harbor on August 23, 1879 > with the second large group of Portuguese > settlers in Hawaii (419 men, women and children). These settlers > brought with them the Portuguese braguinha, > the instrument that became the ‘ukulele. > > *1882* The Government of Hawaii signs an immigration treaty with Portugal. > > *1893* Portuguese support the establishment of the Hawaiian Republic. > > *1900* Portuguese population numbers 18,272, approximately 12% of the > total population of the Hawaiian Islands. > > *1900* to Period of Portuguese migration from the plantations to Honolulu > and other towns. > > *1913* The Ascot arrives in Honolulu harbor with 1,283 Portuguese > immigrants aboard. This ship is usually considered >the last of the 29 immigrant ships. > > > * Ships bearing Portuguese Settlers > to Hawaii, 1878-1913* > > 1. September 30, 1878 Ship Priscilla (German bark) arrived 116 days out > from Funchal, Madeira, with 80 men, 40 women, 60 children. > Total 180. (Portuguese consular documents indicate approximately 120 > passengers). > > 2. August 23, 1879 Ship Ravenscrag (British) arrived 123 days out from > Madeira with 133 men, 110 women, 176 children. Total 419. > 3. January 24, 1880 > > Ship High Flyer (British bark) arrived 99 days out from *St. Michael, > Azores,* with 109 men, 81 women, 147 children. > Total 337. > > 4. May 2, 1881 Ship High Flyer (British bark) arrived 130 days out from *St. > Michael, Azores*, with 173 men, 66 women, 113 children. > Total 352. > > 5. August 25, 1881 Ship Suffolk (British bark) arrived 102 days out from *St. > Michael, Azores*, with 206 men, 100 women, 182 children. > Total 488. > > 6. March 27, 1882 Ship Earl Delhausie (British bark) arrived 113 days out > from *St. Michael, Azores*, with 94 men, 82 women, 146 > children. Total
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
I have read that plantation workers were sometimes treated brutally by plantation bosses that they used corporal punishment can anyone confirm that I was born in the Azores and know the culture well I cannot imagine any of our people tolerating that type of treatment without retribution. Does anyone have information on the types of working conditions that the Portuguese plantation workers endured. Antonio On Tuesday, July 15, 2014 3:30:14 PM UTC-7, tanya808smith wrote: > > I have a copy of my 2nd great grandfathers Honolulu plantation work > contract from 1883 - he ended up on the island of Kauai, I don't know how > if this was by choice or designation. - 9 USD per month for 1 year - Not > sure the equivalent to the current Azores currency at that time. Anyone? > > Tanya > > > On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 8:54 AM, luiznoia . > wrote: > >> The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning the >> Hawaiian migration. >> >> "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic >> conditions in the mother country, and >> particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had been >> for many years the mainstay of the >> Madeiran economy. During the 1850’s, however, the vineyards were laid >> waste by a blight that crippled the wine >> industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the destruction of >> the vineyards. As conditions worsened, >> Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United States >> and Hawaii. >> >> During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of laborers >> for her sugar plantations. The large scale >> cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of inexpensive >> labor. The demand for plantation >> workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with the >> United States in 1876, which facilitated the >> exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian >> population had caused planters and government >> officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land and >> increase the population of the Kingdom. Several >> thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860’s and 1870’s. Yet >> the Chinese seldom brought their families, >> and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other residents >> of Hawaii caused many of the latter to >> demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. >> >> In 1876, *Mr. Jacintho Pereira,* a Portuguese citizen and proprietor of >> a successful dry goods store in Honolulu, >> came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the >> Hawaiian government investigate the possibility of >> solving Hawaii’s labor and population problems by encouraging the >> immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The >> government contacted *Dr. William Hillebrand* who was living at that >> time in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii’s >> agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the first >> contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the >> Priscilla." >> >> *1853* Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. >> >> *1876* Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii >> recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of >> Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. >> >> *1877* The St. Antonio Society, a Portuguese benevolent association, is >> established in Honolulu. >> >> *1878* Census shows more than 400 Portuguese in Hawaii. >> >> *1878* The ship Priscilla arrives in Honolulu harbor on September 30. >> 1878 with the first major contingent of Portuguese >>immigrants to Hawaii (about 120 men, women and children). >> >> *1879* The ship Ravenscrag arrives in Honolulu harbor on August 23, 1879 >> with the second large group of Portuguese >> settlers in Hawaii (419 men, women and children). These >> settlers brought with them the Portuguese braguinha, >> the instrument that became the ‘ukulele. >> >> *1882* The Government of Hawaii signs an immigration treaty with >> Portugal. >> >> *1893* Portuguese support the establishment of the Hawaiian Republic. >> >> *1900* Portuguese population numbers 18,272, approximately 12% of the >> total population of the Hawaiian Islands. >> >> *1900* to Period of Portuguese migration from the plantations to >> Honolulu and other towns. >> >> *1913* The Ascot arrives in Honolulu harbor with 1,283 Portuguese >> immigrants aboard. This ship is usually considered >>the last of the 29 immigrant ships. >> >> >> * Ships bearing Portuguese Settlers >> to Hawaii, 1878-1913* >> >> 1. September 30, 1878 Ship Priscilla (German bark) arrived 116 days out >> from Funchal, Madeira, with 80 men, 40 women, 60 children. >> Total 180. (Portuguese consular documents indicate approximately 120 >> passengers). >> >> 2. August 23, 1879 Ship Ravenscrag (British) arrived 123 days out from >> Madeira with 133 men, 110 women, 176 children.
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Thanks for reposting the original document, Eric. I had saved it to my last computer, but, lost it when it crashed. Apart from the history it covers, its got great stories from the immigrant perspective. On Tuesday, July 15, 2014 8:24:40 PM UTC-4, luiznoia wrote: > > Eliseu, > > Here is the original document attached. > > > Eric > > > On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 3:27 PM, Tanya Smith > wrote: > >> I have a copy of my 2nd great grandfathers Honolulu plantation work >> contract from 1883 - he ended up on the island of Kauai, I don't know how >> if this was by choice or designation. - 9 USD per month for 1 year - Not >> sure the equivalent to the current Azores currency at that time. Anyone? >> >> Tanya >> >> >> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 8:54 AM, luiznoia . > > wrote: >> >>> The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning the >>> Hawaiian migration. >>> >>> "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic >>> conditions in the mother country, and >>> particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had >>> been for many years the mainstay of the >>> Madeiran economy. During the 1850’s, however, the vineyards were laid >>> waste by a blight that crippled the wine >>> industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the destruction >>> of the vineyards. As conditions worsened, >>> Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United States >>> and Hawaii. >>> >>> During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of laborers >>> for her sugar plantations. The large scale >>> cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of inexpensive >>> labor. The demand for plantation >>> workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with the >>> United States in 1876, which facilitated the >>> exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian >>> population had caused planters and government >>> officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land and >>> increase the population of the Kingdom. Several >>> thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860’s and 1870’s. Yet >>> the Chinese seldom brought their families, >>> and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other >>> residents of Hawaii caused many of the latter to >>> demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. >>> >>> In 1876, *Mr. Jacintho Pereira,* a Portuguese citizen and proprietor of >>> a successful dry goods store in Honolulu, >>> came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the >>> Hawaiian government investigate the possibility of >>> solving Hawaii’s labor and population problems by encouraging the >>> immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The >>> government contacted *Dr. William Hillebrand* who was living at that >>> time in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii’s >>> agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the first >>> contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the >>> Priscilla." >>> >>> *1853* Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. >>> >>> *1876* Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii >>> recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of >>> Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. >>> >>> *1877* The St. Antonio Society, a Portuguese benevolent association, is >>> established in Honolulu. >>> >>> *1878* Census shows more than 400 Portuguese in Hawaii. >>> >>> *1878* The ship Priscilla arrives in Honolulu harbor on September 30. >>> 1878 with the first major contingent of Portuguese >>>immigrants to Hawaii (about 120 men, women and children). >>> >>> *1879* The ship Ravenscrag arrives in Honolulu harbor on August 23, >>> 1879 with the second large group of Portuguese >>> settlers in Hawaii (419 men, women and children). These >>> settlers brought with them the Portuguese braguinha, >>> the instrument that became the ‘ukulele. >>> >>> *1882* The Government of Hawaii signs an immigration treaty with >>> Portugal. >>> >>> *1893* Portuguese support the establishment of the Hawaiian Republic. >>> >>> *1900* Portuguese population numbers 18,272, approximately 12% of the >>> total population of the Hawaiian Islands. >>> >>> *1900* to Period of Portuguese migration from the plantations to >>> Honolulu and other towns. >>> >>> *1913* The Ascot arrives in Honolulu harbor with 1,283 Portuguese >>> immigrants aboard. This ship is usually considered >>>the last of the 29 immigrant ships. >>> >>> >>> * Ships bearing Portuguese >>> Settlers to Hawaii, 1878-1913* >>> >>> 1. September 30, 1878 Ship Priscilla (German bark) arrived 116 days out >>> from Funchal, Madeira, with 80 men, 40 women, 60 children. >>> Total 180. (Portuguese consular documents indicate approximately 120 >>> passengers). >>> >>> 2. August 23, 1879 Ship Ravenscrag (British) arrived 123 days out from >>> Madeira with 133 men, 110 women
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Thanks Melody!! On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 7:18 PM, Dano wrote: > Thanks for reposting the original document, Eric. I had saved it to my > last computer, but, lost it when it crashed. Apart from the history it > covers, its got great stories from the immigrant perspective. > > > On Tuesday, July 15, 2014 8:24:40 PM UTC-4, luiznoia wrote: > >> Eliseu, >> >> Here is the original document attached. >> >> >> Eric >> >> >> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 3:27 PM, Tanya Smith wrote: >> >>> I have a copy of my 2nd great grandfathers Honolulu plantation work >>> contract from 1883 - he ended up on the island of Kauai, I don't know how >>> if this was by choice or designation. - 9 USD per month for 1 year - Not >>> sure the equivalent to the current Azores currency at that time. Anyone? >>> >>> Tanya >>> >>> >>> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 8:54 AM, luiznoia . wrote: >>> The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning the Hawaiian migration. "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic conditions in the mother country, and particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had been for many years the mainstay of the Madeiran economy. During the 1850’s, however, the vineyards were laid waste by a blight that crippled the wine industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the destruction of the vineyards. As conditions worsened, Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United States and Hawaii. During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of laborers for her sugar plantations. The large scale cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of inexpensive labor. The demand for plantation workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with the United States in 1876, which facilitated the exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian population had caused planters and government officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land and increase the population of the Kingdom. Several thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860’s and 1870’s. Yet the Chinese seldom brought their families, and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other residents of Hawaii caused many of the latter to demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. In 1876, *Mr. Jacintho Pereira,* a Portuguese citizen and proprietor of a successful dry goods store in Honolulu, came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the Hawaiian government investigate the possibility of solving Hawaii’s labor and population problems by encouraging the immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The government contacted *Dr. William Hillebrand* who was living at that time in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii’s agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the first contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the Priscilla." *1853* Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. *1876* Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. *1877* The St. Antonio Society, a Portuguese benevolent association, is established in Honolulu. *1878* Census shows more than 400 Portuguese in Hawaii. *1878* The ship Priscilla arrives in Honolulu harbor on September 30. 1878 with the first major contingent of Portuguese immigrants to Hawaii (about 120 men, women and children). *1879* The ship Ravenscrag arrives in Honolulu harbor on August 23, 1879 with the second large group of Portuguese settlers in Hawaii (419 men, women and children). These settlers brought with them the Portuguese braguinha, the instrument that became the ‘ukulele. *1882* The Government of Hawaii signs an immigration treaty with Portugal. *1893* Portuguese support the establishment of the Hawaiian Republic. *1900* Portuguese population numbers 18,272, approximately 12% of the total population of the Hawaiian Islands. *1900* to Period of Portuguese migration from the plantations to Honolulu and other towns. *1913* The Ascot arrives in Honolulu harbor with 1,283 Portuguese immigrants aboard. This ship is usually considered the last of the 29 immigrant ships. * Ships bearing Portuguese Settlers to Hawaii, 1878-1913* 1. September 30, 1878 Ship Priscilla (German bark) arrived 116 days out from Funchal, Madeira, with 80 men, 40 women, 60 children. Total 180. (Portuguese consular documents indicate approximatel
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Even better, Here is a scanned copy free! http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LD94ovK6Ej0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=portuguese+kauai&ots=ytj9itz0Yd&sig=eyNUoOBov9jqhgIVMFGIeKTt5Js#v=onepage&q=portuguese%20kauai&f=false On Wed, Jul 16, 2014 at 11:11 AM, luiznoia . wrote: > Here is a great book on the subject of plantation conditions > > *Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii, 1835-1920* > > By *Ronald T. Takak* > > You can find it easily on Amazon. > > > Eric > > > On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 10:30 PM, Pam Santos > wrote: > >> Thanks Melody!! >> >> >> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 7:18 PM, Dano wrote: >> >>> Thanks for reposting the original document, Eric. I had saved it to my >>> last computer, but, lost it when it crashed. Apart from the history it >>> covers, its got great stories from the immigrant perspective. >>> >>> >>> On Tuesday, July 15, 2014 8:24:40 PM UTC-4, luiznoia wrote: >>> Eliseu, Here is the original document attached. Eric On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 3:27 PM, Tanya Smith wrote: > I have a copy of my 2nd great grandfathers Honolulu plantation work > contract from 1883 - he ended up on the island of Kauai, I don't know how > if this was by choice or designation. - 9 USD per month for 1 year - Not > sure the equivalent to the current Azores currency at that time. Anyone? > > Tanya > > > On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 8:54 AM, luiznoia . > wrote: > >> The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning the >> Hawaiian migration. >> >> "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic >> conditions in the mother country, and >> particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had >> been for many years the mainstay of the >> Madeiran economy. During the 1850's, however, the vineyards were laid >> waste by a blight that crippled the wine >> industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the >> destruction of the vineyards. As conditions worsened, >> Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United >> States and Hawaii. >> >> During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of >> laborers for her sugar plantations. The large scale >> cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of inexpensive >> labor. The demand for plantation >> workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with >> the United States in 1876, which facilitated the >> exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian >> population had caused planters and government >> officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land and >> increase the population of the Kingdom. Several >> thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860's and 1870's. >> Yet the Chinese seldom brought their families, >> and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other >> residents of Hawaii caused many of the latter to >> demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. >> >> In 1876, *Mr. Jacintho Pereira,* a Portuguese citizen and proprietor >> of a successful dry goods store in Honolulu, >> came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the >> Hawaiian government investigate the possibility of >> solving Hawaii's labor and population problems by encouraging the >> immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The >> government contacted *Dr. William Hillebrand* who was living at that >> time in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii's >> agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the first >> contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the >> Priscilla." >> >> *1853* Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. >> >> *1876* Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii >> recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of >> Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. >> >> *1877* The St. Antonio Society, a Portuguese benevolent association, >> is established in Honolulu. >> >> *1878* Census shows more than 400 Portuguese in Hawaii. >> >> *1878* The ship Priscilla arrives in Honolulu harbor on September >> 30. 1878 with the first major contingent of Portuguese >>immigrants to Hawaii (about 120 men, women and children). >> >> *1879* The ship Ravenscrag arrives in Honolulu harbor on August 23, >> 1879 with the second large group of Portuguese >> settlers in Hawaii (419 men, women and children). These >> settlers brought with them the Portuguese braguinha, >> the instrument that became the 'ukulele. >> >> *1882* The Government of Hawaii signs an immigration treaty with >> Portugal. >> >> *1893* Portuguese support the establishment of the Hawaiian Repu
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
That looks like a very interesting book to read. On Wed, Jul 16, 2014 at 11:13 AM, luiznoia . wrote: > Even better, > > Here is a scanned copy free! > > > http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LD94ovK6Ej0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=portuguese+kauai&ots=ytj9itz0Yd&sig=eyNUoOBov9jqhgIVMFGIeKTt5Js#v=onepage&q=portuguese%20kauai&f=false > > > > > On Wed, Jul 16, 2014 at 11:11 AM, luiznoia . > wrote: > >> Here is a great book on the subject of plantation conditions >> >> *Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii, 1835-1920* >> >> By *Ronald T. Takak* >> >> You can find it easily on Amazon. >> >> >> Eric >> >> >> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 10:30 PM, Pam Santos >> wrote: >> >>> Thanks Melody!! >>> >>> >>> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 7:18 PM, Dano wrote: >>> Thanks for reposting the original document, Eric. I had saved it to my last computer, but, lost it when it crashed. Apart from the history it covers, its got great stories from the immigrant perspective. On Tuesday, July 15, 2014 8:24:40 PM UTC-4, luiznoia wrote: > Eliseu, > > Here is the original document attached. > > > Eric > > > On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 3:27 PM, Tanya Smith > wrote: > >> I have a copy of my 2nd great grandfathers Honolulu plantation work >> contract from 1883 - he ended up on the island of Kauai, I don't know how >> if this was by choice or designation. - 9 USD per month for 1 year - Not >> sure the equivalent to the current Azores currency at that time. Anyone? >> >> Tanya >> >> >> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 8:54 AM, luiznoia . >> wrote: >> >>> The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning >>> the Hawaiian migration. >>> >>> "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic >>> conditions in the mother country, and >>> particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had >>> been for many years the mainstay of the >>> Madeiran economy. During the 1850’s, however, the vineyards were >>> laid waste by a blight that crippled the wine >>> industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the >>> destruction of the vineyards. As conditions worsened, >>> Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United >>> States and Hawaii. >>> >>> During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of >>> laborers for her sugar plantations. The large scale >>> cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of >>> inexpensive labor. The demand for plantation >>> workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with >>> the United States in 1876, which facilitated the >>> exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian >>> population had caused planters and government >>> officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land >>> and increase the population of the Kingdom. Several >>> thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860’s and 1870’s. >>> Yet the Chinese seldom brought their families, >>> and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other >>> residents of Hawaii caused many of the latter to >>> demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. >>> >>> In 1876, *Mr. Jacintho Pereira,* a Portuguese citizen and >>> proprietor of a successful dry goods store in Honolulu, >>> came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the >>> Hawaiian government investigate the possibility of >>> solving Hawaii’s labor and population problems by encouraging the >>> immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The >>> government contacted *Dr. William Hillebrand* who was living at >>> that time in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii’s >>> agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the >>> first contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the >>> Priscilla." >>> >>> *1853* Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. >>> >>> *1876* Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii >>> recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of >>> Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. >>> >>> *1877* The St. Antonio Society, a Portuguese benevolent >>> association, is established in Honolulu. >>> >>> *1878* Census shows more than 400 Portuguese in Hawaii. >>> >>> *1878* The ship Priscilla arrives in Honolulu harbor on September >>> 30. 1878 with the first major contingent of Portuguese >>>immigrants to Hawaii (about 120 men, women and children). >>> >>> *1879* The ship Ravenscrag arrives in Honolulu harbor on August 23, >>> 1879 with the second large group of Portuguese >>> settlers in Hawaii (419 men, women and children). These >>> settlers brought with them the Portuguese braguinha, >>
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Antonio, Hawaii had what was considered a paternalistic plantation system. The owner of the plantation saw themselves as a sort of father to the "lesser" people he employed. Many plantations treated their employees very well. I have not heard bad things about the Kilauea Sugar Plantation where my ancestors worked. In fact, there is the story of my Great Great Uncle, Jose Pacheco, who came over with his mother as a teen. He began working on the plantation right away. He was treated very well. When he developed health problems around 1910, the plantation owner paid for him and his wife to go to California. His health did not improve, so he returned to Kilauea where he died in 1916. Other plantation owners were brutal. They had their employees beaten for things like standing up straight while hoeing rows in the field (it was grueling work, 10 hours a day). Or, they hit at them financial. Their was a system called the bango system. You were known by a number, your bango. The bango no. was how you were known in the payroll. It was also how you paid for groceries at the plantation store which was also owned by the same person. So, you earned your money from the plantation owner and then you paid some of it back for groceries. You were indentured for a certain amount of time. Some owners made you pay financial or with added time for missed worked days, broken equipment, and so forth. I read about unrest on the plantations and found that it was a couple of decades before the Portuguese workers got involved in any rallies/protest for better conditions. The Filipinos were known as the organizers, and the plantation managers, did their best to not allow any ethnic group to be too big so as to neutralize alliances. Because people were paying out money when they were sick a day or broke a hoe, they often ended up in debt to these owners on the plantations that ran this way. Out in the fields there were two dreaded positions, the Overseer and the Luna. They were the ones who kept order in the fields. Because of the Portuguese status as Caucasian not White, they could not rise above Luna at first (later it was overseer.) They could not move into the office jobs probably until after 1910-1920. The Overseer delegated discipline to the Luna and the Luna's were mostly Portuguese. They would sit atop horse and ride through the fields looking for anyone not working hard enough. They carried whips as I remember. Though it was a position with higher pay, I doubt it was a well respected job. I only know of one Luna in my family. I can see why others stayed in the field or moved as far as engineer. I don't think the higher pay of the Luna was enough for many to take on the work that they had to do. Pau Hana by Ronald Takaki is an excellent book on this subject. Though it doesn't cover the Portuguese in great detail it gives a good picture of plantation life. Also the book , The Grove Farm Plantation, will give you an idea of a more progressive plantation owner who treated his employees more like family (children) but with much more care than other owners. On Tuesday, July 15, 2014 6:21:26 PM UTC-7, A Faria wrote: > > I have read that plantation workers were sometimes treated brutally by > plantation bosses that they used corporal punishment can anyone confirm > that I was born in the Azores and know the culture well I cannot imagine > any of our people tolerating that type of treatment without retribution. > Does anyone have information on the types of working conditions that the > Portuguese plantation workers endured. > > Antonio > > >> -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Here is a great book on the subject of plantation conditions *Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii, 1835-1920* By *Ronald T. Takak* You can find it easily on Amazon. Eric On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 10:30 PM, Pam Santos wrote: > Thanks Melody!! > > > On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 7:18 PM, Dano wrote: > >> Thanks for reposting the original document, Eric. I had saved it to my >> last computer, but, lost it when it crashed. Apart from the history it >> covers, its got great stories from the immigrant perspective. >> >> >> On Tuesday, July 15, 2014 8:24:40 PM UTC-4, luiznoia wrote: >> >>> Eliseu, >>> >>> Here is the original document attached. >>> >>> >>> Eric >>> >>> >>> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 3:27 PM, Tanya Smith >>> wrote: >>> I have a copy of my 2nd great grandfathers Honolulu plantation work contract from 1883 - he ended up on the island of Kauai, I don't know how if this was by choice or designation. - 9 USD per month for 1 year - Not sure the equivalent to the current Azores currency at that time. Anyone? Tanya On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 8:54 AM, luiznoia . wrote: > The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning the > Hawaiian migration. > > "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic > conditions in the mother country, and > particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had > been for many years the mainstay of the > Madeiran economy. During the 1850's, however, the vineyards were laid > waste by a blight that crippled the wine > industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the destruction > of the vineyards. As conditions worsened, > Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United States > and Hawaii. > > During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of laborers > for her sugar plantations. The large scale > cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of inexpensive > labor. The demand for plantation > workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with the > United States in 1876, which facilitated the > exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian > population had caused planters and government > officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land and > increase the population of the Kingdom. Several > thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860's and 1870's. Yet > the Chinese seldom brought their families, > and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other > residents of Hawaii caused many of the latter to > demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. > > In 1876, *Mr. Jacintho Pereira,* a Portuguese citizen and proprietor > of a successful dry goods store in Honolulu, > came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the > Hawaiian government investigate the possibility of > solving Hawaii's labor and population problems by encouraging the > immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The > government contacted *Dr. William Hillebrand* who was living at that > time in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii's > agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the first > contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the > Priscilla." > > *1853* Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. > > *1876* Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii > recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of > Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. > > *1877* The St. Antonio Society, a Portuguese benevolent association, > is established in Honolulu. > > *1878* Census shows more than 400 Portuguese in Hawaii. > > *1878* The ship Priscilla arrives in Honolulu harbor on September 30. > 1878 with the first major contingent of Portuguese >immigrants to Hawaii (about 120 men, women and children). > > *1879* The ship Ravenscrag arrives in Honolulu harbor on August 23, > 1879 with the second large group of Portuguese > settlers in Hawaii (419 men, women and children). These > settlers brought with them the Portuguese braguinha, > the instrument that became the 'ukulele. > > *1882* The Government of Hawaii signs an immigration treaty with > Portugal. > > *1893* Portuguese support the establishment of the Hawaiian Republic. > > *1900* Portuguese population numbers 18,272, approximately 12% of the > total population of the Hawaiian Islands. > > *1900* to Period of Portuguese migration from the plantations to > Honolulu and other towns. > > *1913* The Ascot arrives in Honolulu harbor with 1,283 Portuguese > immigrants aboard. This ship is usually considered >the last
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Looks like an interesting book, however; it appears that only the preview is free. Cost of book is $8.99, unless I am missing something. Sam in NC Sent from Windows Mail From: luiznoia . Sent: Wednesday, July 16, 2014 2:13 PM To: Azores Genealogy Even better, Here is a scanned copy free! http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LD94ovK6Ej0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=portuguese+kauai&ots=ytj9itz0Yd&sig=eyNUoOBov9jqhgIVMFGIeKTt5Js#v=onepage&q=portuguese%20kauai&f=false On Wed, Jul 16, 2014 at 11:11 AM, luiznoia . wrote: Here is a great book on the subject of plantation conditions Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii, 1835-1920 By Ronald T. Takak You can find it easily on Amazon. Eric On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 10:30 PM, Pam Santos wrote: Thanks Melody!! On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 7:18 PM, Dano wrote: Thanks for reposting the original document, Eric. I had saved it to my last computer, but, lost it when it crashed. Apart from the history it covers, its got great stories from the immigrant perspective. On Tuesday, July 15, 2014 8:24:40 PM UTC-4, luiznoia wrote: Eliseu, Here is the original document attached. Eric On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 3:27 PM, Tanya Smith wrote: I have a copy of my 2nd great grandfathers Honolulu plantation work contract from 1883 - he ended up on the island of Kauai, I don't know how if this was by choice or designation. - 9 USD per month for 1 year - Not sure the equivalent to the current Azores currency at that time. Anyone? Tanya On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 8:54 AM, luiznoia . wrote: The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning the Hawaiian migration. "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic conditions in the mother country, and particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had been for many years the mainstay of the Madeiran economy. During the 1850’s, however, the vineyards were laid waste by a blight that crippled the wine industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the destruction of the vineyards. As conditions worsened, Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United States and Hawaii. During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of laborers for her sugar plantations. The large scale cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of inexpensive labor. The demand for plantation workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with the United States in 1876, which facilitated the exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian population had caused planters and government officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land and increase the population of the Kingdom. Several thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860’s and 1870’s. Yet the Chinese seldom brought their families, and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other residents of Hawaii caused many of the latter to demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. In 1876, Mr. Jacintho Pereira, a Portuguese citizen and proprietor of a successful dry goods store in Honolulu, came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the Hawaiian government investigate the possibility of solving Hawaii’s labor and population problems by encouraging the immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The government contacted Dr. William Hillebrand who was living at that time in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii’s agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the first contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the Priscilla." 1853 Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. 1876 Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. 1877 The St. Antonio Society, a Portuguese benevolent association, is established in Honolulu. 1878 Census shows more than 400 Portuguese in Hawaii. 1878 The ship Priscilla arrives in Honolulu harbor on September 30. 1878 with the first major contingent of Portuguese immigrants to Hawaii (about 120 men, women and children). 1879 The ship Ravenscrag arrives in Honolulu harbor on August 23, 1879 with the second large group of Portuguese settlers in Hawaii (419 men, women and children). These settlers brought with them the Portuguese braguinha, the instrument that became the ‘ukulele. 1882 The Government of Hawaii signs an immigration treaty with Portugal. 1893 Portuguese support the establishment of the Hawaiian Republic. 1900 Portuguese population numbers 18,272, approximately 12% of the total population of the Hawaiian Islands. 1900 to Period of Portuguese migration from the plantations to Honolulu and other towns. 1913
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
There is a film about the Japanese immigration in the XIX century in Hawaii. I saw it a few years ago and is very touching. I was searching now and found it, it is Picture Bride. And here is an article with photos about the work in the sugar cane plantation at that time. http://www.picturebridemovie.com/japan.html Isabella Baltar myportuguesegen.blogspot.com On Thu, Jul 17, 2014 at 10:47 AM, aportugee via Azores Genealogy < azores@googlegroups.com> wrote: > Looks like an interesting book, however; it appears that only the > preview is free. Cost of book is $8.99, unless I am missing something. > > Sam in NC > > Sent from Windows Mail > > *From:* luiznoia . > *Sent:* Wednesday, July 16, 2014 2:13 PM > *To:* Azores Genealogy > > Even better, > > Here is a scanned copy free! > > > http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LD94ovK6Ej0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=portuguese+kauai&ots=ytj9itz0Yd&sig=eyNUoOBov9jqhgIVMFGIeKTt5Js#v=onepage&q=portuguese%20kauai&f=false > > > > > On Wed, Jul 16, 2014 at 11:11 AM, luiznoia . > wrote: > >> Here is a great book on the subject of plantation conditions >> >> *Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii, 1835-1920* >> >> By *Ronald T. Takak* >> >> You can find it easily on Amazon. >> >> >> Eric >> >> >> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 10:30 PM, Pam Santos >> wrote: >> >>> Thanks Melody!! >>> >>> >>> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 7:18 PM, Dano wrote: >>> Thanks for reposting the original document, Eric. I had saved it to my last computer, but, lost it when it crashed. Apart from the history it covers, its got great stories from the immigrant perspective. On Tuesday, July 15, 2014 8:24:40 PM UTC-4, luiznoia wrote: > Eliseu, > > Here is the original document attached. > > > Eric > > > On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 3:27 PM, Tanya Smith > wrote: > >> I have a copy of my 2nd great grandfathers Honolulu plantation work >> contract from 1883 - he ended up on the island of Kauai, I don't know how >> if this was by choice or designation. - 9 USD per month for 1 year - Not >> sure the equivalent to the current Azores currency at that time. Anyone? >> >> Tanya >> >> >> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 8:54 AM, luiznoia . >> wrote: >> >>> The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning >>> the Hawaiian migration. >>> >>> "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic >>> conditions in the mother country, and >>> particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had >>> been for many years the mainstay of the >>> Madeiran economy. During the 1850’s, however, the vineyards were >>> laid waste by a blight that crippled the wine >>> industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the >>> destruction of the vineyards. As conditions worsened, >>> Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United >>> States and Hawaii. >>> >>> During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of >>> laborers for her sugar plantations. The large scale >>> cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of >>> inexpensive labor. The demand for plantation >>> workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with >>> the United States in 1876, which facilitated the >>> exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian >>> population had caused planters and government >>> officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land >>> and increase the population of the Kingdom. Several >>> thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860’s and 1870’s. >>> Yet the Chinese seldom brought their families, >>> and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other >>> residents of Hawaii caused many of the latter to >>> demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. >>> >>> In 1876, *Mr. Jacintho Pereira,* a Portuguese citizen and >>> proprietor of a successful dry goods store in Honolulu, >>> came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the >>> Hawaiian government investigate the possibility of >>> solving Hawaii’s labor and population problems by encouraging the >>> immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The >>> government contacted *Dr. William Hillebrand* who was living at >>> that time in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii’s >>> agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the >>> first contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the >>> Priscilla." >>> >>> *1853* Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. >>> >>> *1876* Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii >>> recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of >>> Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. >>> >>> *1877* The St. Antonio
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Pau Hana by Ronald Takaki is free through Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=LD94ovK6Ej0C&lpg=PP1&dq=pau%20hana&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q=pau%20hana&f=false On Thursday, July 17, 2014 7:47:59 AM UTC-7, apor...@yahoo.com wrote: > > Looks like an interesting book, however; it appears that only the > preview is free. Cost of book is $8.99, unless I am missing something. > > Sam in NC > > Sent from Windows Mail > > *From:* luiznoia . > *Sent:* Wednesday, July 16, 2014 2:13 PM > *To:* Azores Genealogy > > Even better, > > Here is a scanned copy free! > > > http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LD94ovK6Ej0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=portuguese+kauai&ots=ytj9itz0Yd&sig=eyNUoOBov9jqhgIVMFGIeKTt5Js#v=onepage&q=portuguese%20kauai&f=false > > > > > On Wed, Jul 16, 2014 at 11:11 AM, luiznoia . > wrote: > >> Here is a great book on the subject of plantation conditions >> >> *Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii, 1835-1920* >> >> By *Ronald T. Takak* >> >> You can find it easily on Amazon. >> >> >> Eric >> >> >> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 10:30 PM, Pam Santos > > wrote: >> >>> Thanks Melody!! >>> >>> >>> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 7:18 PM, Dano > >>> wrote: >>> Thanks for reposting the original document, Eric. I had saved it to my last computer, but, lost it when it crashed. Apart from the history it covers, its got great stories from the immigrant perspective. On Tuesday, July 15, 2014 8:24:40 PM UTC-4, luiznoia wrote: > Eliseu, > > Here is the original document attached. > > > Eric > > > On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 3:27 PM, Tanya Smith > wrote: > >> I have a copy of my 2nd great grandfathers Honolulu plantation work >> contract from 1883 - he ended up on the island of Kauai, I don't know >> how >> if this was by choice or designation. - 9 USD per month for 1 year - >> Not >> sure the equivalent to the current Azores currency at that time. Anyone? >> >> Tanya >> >> >> On Tue, Jul 15, 2014 at 8:54 AM, luiznoia . >> wrote: >> >>> The following is from an Azores Government publication concerning >>> the Hawaiian migration. >>> >>> "The Portuguese migration to Hawaii was fueled by poor economic >>> conditions in the mother country, and >>> particularly in Madeira. The production and export of fine wines had >>> been for many years the mainstay of the >>> Madeiran economy. During the 1850’s, however, the vineyards were >>> laid waste by a blight that crippled the wine >>> industry for decades. Unemployment and hunger followed the >>> destruction of the vineyards. As conditions worsened, >>> Madeirans looked for a better way of life in Brazil, the United >>> States and Hawaii. >>> >>> During this same period, the Kingdom of Hawaii was in need of >>> laborers for her sugar plantations. The large scale >>> cultivation of sugar depended upon a continuous supply of >>> inexpensive labor. The demand for plantation >>> workers increased after Hawaii concluded a Reciprocity Treaty with >>> the United States in 1876, which facilitated the >>> exportation of Hawaiian sugar. The dramatic decline of the Hawaiian >>> population had caused planters and government >>> officials to look abroad for suitable immigrants to work the land >>> and increase the population of the Kingdom. Several >>> thousand Chinese emigrated to Hawaii during the 1860’s and 1870’s. >>> Yet the Chinese seldom brought their families, >>> and distinct cultural differences between the Chinese and other >>> residents of Hawaii caused many of the latter to >>> demand an end to the large scale importation of workers from China. >>> >>> In 1876, *Mr. Jacintho Pereira,* a Portuguese citizen and >>> proprietor of a successful dry goods store in Honolulu, >>> came forward with an interesting idea. Pereira suggested that the >>> Hawaiian government investigate the possibility of >>> solving Hawaii’s labor and population problems by encouraging the >>> immigration of Portuguese from Madeira. The >>> government contacted *Dr. William Hillebrand* who was living at >>> that time in Funchal. Hillbrand acted as Hawaii’s >>> agent, and carried out all of the details required to place the >>> first contingent of Portuguese immigrants aboard the >>> Priscilla." >>> >>> *1853* Census shows 87 Portuguese in Hawaii. >>> >>> *1876* Jacinto Perreira, a Portuguese merchant residing in Hawaii >>> recommends to the Kingdom the immigration of >>> Portuguese to Hawaii to help solve the labor problems. >>> >>> *1877* The St. Antonio Society, a Portuguese benevolent >>> association, is established in Honolulu. >>> >>> *1878* Census shows more than 400 Portuguese in Hawaii. >>> >>> *1878
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
I should have pointed out that Pau Hana is free to read from the Google Books website. If you want the ebook version it is $8.99. On Friday, July 18, 2014 6:17:09 PM UTC-7, IslandRoutes wrote: > > Pau Hana by Ronald Takaki is free through Google Books: > > http://books.google.com/books?id=LD94ovK6Ej0C&lpg=PP1&dq=pau%20hana&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q=pau%20hana&f=false > roup at http://groups.google.com/group/azores. > >> -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
I’ve never used Google Books before and clearly, I must be doing something wrong because I go to the link provided below and get the preview of the book. It goes to page 9 and then there is a line that says “pages 10 to 217 are not shown in this preview”.Where am I going wrong? Thanks, Sam in NC Sent from Windows Mail From: IslandRoutes Sent: Friday, July 18, 2014 9:17 PM To: azores@googlegroups.com Pau Hana by Ronald Takaki is free through Google Books: http://books.google.com/books?id=LD94ovK6Ej0C&lpg=PP1&dq=pau%20hana&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q=pau%20hana&f=false -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
Sam, I have no problem with it. It brings me to Page 9 but I can scroll up for the beginning of the book. "E" On Sat, Jul 19, 2014 at 7:51 AM, aportugee via Azores Genealogy < azores@googlegroups.com> wrote: > I’ve never used Google Books before and clearly, I must be doing > something wrong because I go to the link provided below and get the preview > of the book. It goes to page 9 and then there is a line that says “pages > 10 to 217 are not shown in this preview”.Where am I going wrong? > > Thanks, Sam in NC > > Sent from Windows Mail > > *From:* IslandRoutes > *Sent:* Friday, July 18, 2014 9:17 PM > *To:* azores@googlegroups.com > > Pau Hana by Ronald Takaki is free through Google Books: > > http://books.google.com/books?id=LD94ovK6Ej0C&lpg=PP1&dq=pau%20hana&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q=pau%20hana&f=false > > > -- > For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail > (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at > http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the > right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my > membership." > --- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Azores Genealogy" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. > Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores. > -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
Re: [AZORES-Genealogy] Re: Hawaii, Massachusettes, or Brazil
There is only a preview of the book. Meaning it is showing you sections of the book. I used the link you posted Sam and once you get to page 20 it shows you that 21 through 76 are not shown in the preview. It let's you look at some pages but not all of them. This book is still under copyright restrictions. You may find a copy in a library or I believe there is an ebook version for $8.99 to download. "E" check for pages 21 - 76 and find out if you can see these pages. On Sat, Jul 19, 2014 at 8:48 AM, "E" Sharp wrote: > Sam, > > I have no problem with it. It brings me to Page 9 but I can scroll up for > the beginning of the book. > > "E" > > > On Sat, Jul 19, 2014 at 7:51 AM, aportugee via Azores Genealogy < > azores@googlegroups.com> wrote: > >> I’ve never used Google Books before and clearly, I must be doing >> something wrong because I go to the link provided below and get the preview >> of the book. It goes to page 9 and then there is a line that says “pages >> 10 to 217 are not shown in this preview”.Where am I going wrong? >> >> Thanks, Sam in NC >> >> Sent from Windows Mail >> >> *From:* IslandRoutes >> *Sent:* Friday, July 18, 2014 9:17 PM >> *To:* azores@googlegroups.com >> >> Pau Hana by Ronald Takaki is free through Google Books: >> >> http://books.google.com/books?id=LD94ovK6Ej0C&lpg=PP1&dq=pau%20hana&pg=PA16#v=onepage&q=pau%20hana&f=false >> >> >> -- >> For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail >> (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at >> http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the >> right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my >> membership." >> --- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "Azores Genealogy" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores. >> > > -- > For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail > (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at > http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the > right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my > membership." > --- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Azores Genealogy" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. > Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores. > -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to azores+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
