Re: Sunday brain tickler
On 01/08/2017 06:25 PM, allison wrote: > I haven't ground on what it may be but there are four likely > directory/catalog cases. I've certainly seen my share of various filesystems. In fact, I can laboriously reconstruct the original files, there being only 70 1200 byte blocks on the disk. I thought that having a file name might be useful. I'm just a bit weary of deciphering this one-off and can't get my mind in the right frame to paw through the directory structure. But I put it to you that there exactly 72 (or 71) entries in this list and there are exactly 70 1200-byte blocks--and, make no mistake, they are 1200-byte blocks with a definite format--a header followed by text. Short blocks are denoted by a control character sequence, after which old data to the end of the block may be found. So it's quite possible to splice the bits together into complete documents. But that's cheating--I'd like to understand how the first block directory dictates the relationship between blocks and any file names. So let's look at the directory again--note the 11th bytes all either have values less than 70 (decimal). I'm guessing that that's a forward link to the next block--note that 7F is the only out-of-range value present in this column. I suspect that this is the end-of-file marker. This is all guessing at this point. --Chuck
Re: Stripping an RA80
On 01/08/2017 01:46 PM, Robert Armstrong wrote: >> Tony Duellwrote: >> R80 the lines are outputs from the drive giving the coding of the ready lamp >> cap > I was always thought that the R80 had to be unit #0 to function, but I > admit that I've never tried anything else. I wonder if that's not true?? > The RL02 drive(s) on the IDC can be any of units 1, 2 or 3. > >> The HDA is the only major unit I can't repair (yet!). > Yeah, same here. In addition to the 11/730 with one (dead) R80, one RA81 > and one RA82, I have a MicroVAX-III with an RA82 drive. Keeping them all > working has been a real challenge. Fixing the electronics and mechanical > parts isn't too bad, and I have plenty of spares, but the HDAs don’t seem to > be very reliable. I get the impression that they were designed with a finite > number of spin up/spin down cycles in mind, and once you exceed that limit > they die. Fortunately I've been able to find spares for the RA81 and RA82 > HDAs, but R?80s seem to be pretty rare. > > Bob > > Depending on vintage of those HDAs they may have been in the large pool of SNs that had bad (incorrect) adhesive used to assemble the platters and would after about 1.5-2.2 years of spinning would have the glue migrate out and take the heads. It was a major program to recover those that had not yet failed and replace them and make nice to those that had failures. The adhesive used was substituted in manufacturing without ECO. The internal program was costed at something north of 100M$ to achieve. All my VAXen and PDP-11s use RX, RL, RD, and RZ media due to reliability. The only ones worse was RA60 then RC25. Allison Allison
Re: Sunday brain tickler
On 01/08/2017 09:09 PM, Chuck Guzis wrote: > On 01/08/2017 04:42 PM, william degnan wrote: >> Inverse 8085? > I don't think so. If it helps, here's the first few lines of the > "directory": > > 000: 00 a1 7a c1 c0 00 00 > 0007: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 1a 02 38 00 > 0013: a1 7a c1 c0 00 00 00 00 1b ff 00 00 > 001f: 5c 25 15 1b 4c 40 00 00 ff ff 37 05 > 002b: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 8f 31 01 > 0037: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 85 25 05 > 0043: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 02 0f 02 > 004f: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff b6 09 04 > 005b: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 03 02 03 > 0067: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 12 01 > 0073: d0 7f 9f 12 1f bd 53 28 ff ff 7f 02 > 007f: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 2b 00 > 008b: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 83 28 04 > 0097: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 38 00 > 00a3: 94 2f 3e 80 00 00 00 00 ff 01 1d 00 > 00af: 94 2f 4b 00 00 00 00 00 ff 03 35 05 > 00bb: 94 2f 4b 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 3e 06 > ... > > There are no other tables on disk. The disk itself is hard-sectored, > with a sector length of 150 bytes and 16 sectors per track. They're > interleaved 3:1 and grouped into blocks of 1200 bytes. The directory > would correspond to block 0 and there are 72 entries in it, less the header. > > I can get the raw text, but how it's linked together and what file names > might is still a mystery. > > --Chuck > > I haven't ground on what it may be but there are four likely directory/catalog cases. Bag and tag, the file name starting block (or group of blocks) and number of blocks. usually byte pairs or longer ((16, 24, or 32bits) to get enough addressing and large enough byte counts. CP/M like with entries for file name then a short list of allocation blocks, additional entries if the file is larger and needs for allocation blocks. FYI CPM it can be byte pairs or single byte allocation list. unix like with a simple filename and pointer to Inode there the metadata and block list is. Last case is a reserved set of blocks that are allocated as a linked list and the directory block has the filename and point to the start of the list. Like unix that can easily support subdirectories. None of those are processor specific but the cpu used often determines things like if there is bit packing. As to radix, anything is possible also simeple things like high bit of a 8bit byte suggests a control code or extended characters (or several things). Allison
Re: pdp-11 assembly standards
On 1/8/2017 9:10 PM, Brent Hilpert wrote: OK, what was the standard (if there was one) number-base syntax for PDP-11 assembler? Despite all the PDP-11 assembly info on web sites, this seems to be a buried bit of info. One assembler doc uses a prefix of "", another specifies octal as default and prefix of zero for decimal (opposite of the common C-derived standard . . great). Is this for example standard?: BIT #, @# ; test 2^7 bit at address octal 177564 (I'm just trying to make some written commentary consistent with common policy.) MACRO11 Language Manual v5.5 section 6.4 All numbers are octal radix, unless the default radix is changed via the .RADIX N directive (N can be 2, 8, 10, or 16). N blank resets the radix to octal. So 0100, 100 would be octal 100, decimal value 64. Any number followed by a period (decimal point) is forced to be base 10. So 100. would be decimal 100, octal 144. Prefix operators ^B (binary), ^O (octal), ^D (decimal), ^X (hexadecimal) force the following digits/characters to the designated radix. So ^B101000 == ^O50 == ^D40 == ^X28 all represent the same value (decimal 40.) irrespective of the current .RADIX N setting.
Re: Fwd: Stinky screwdrivers
On 01/08/2017 08:16 PM, Al Kossow wrote: > > I sent this out to some friends at the end of December I've got a few large (not the torque-handle thing) from the late 60's Xcelite nutdrivers. They don't smell and they're in fine condition. Must have been a formula change at some point. Reminds of the issue with cellulose acetate-based film and tape. Most conscientious people placed said objects in airtight storage containers, which apparently is exactly the thing *not* to do. I'm not aware of any process to reverse the decomposition. Old plastics in general are a nightmare for museum conservators. --Chuck
pdp-11 assembly standards
OK, what was the standard (if there was one) number-base syntax for PDP-11 assembler? Despite all the PDP-11 assembly info on web sites, this seems to be a buried bit of info. One assembler doc uses a prefix of "", another specifies octal as default and prefix of zero for decimal (opposite of the common C-derived standard . . great). Is this for example standard?: BIT #, @# ; test 2^7 bit at address octal 177564 (I'm just trying to make some written commentary consistent with common policy.)
Re: Fwd: Stinky screwdrivers
On 1/8/2017 8:16 PM, Al Kossow wrote: Sadly, it looks like the good USA made hand tools will all have their plastic handles crumble eventually though I have two Craftsmen nut drivers I bought in 1975 that are still perfect. How many perished in liquid N2 back in the day. So sad. thanks jim
Re: Sunday brain tickler
Jim, that occurred to me right off the bat, but the disk has only 35 cylinders and is single-sided. No file names in the body text. The text itself isn't proprietary, but merely an early cut of an already-published public report, so I have no problem sharing any part of the disk image. --Chuck On 01/08/2017 07:55 PM, jim stephens wrote: > I don't know the names, but the use of extents might be something going on. > > I highlighted the c4a3 extent. The last two columns maybe cylinder and > sector number. > > There may be a free count going on with the next to the last two bytes > 0xff85 for instance in the first stick. > > Since line 0x000 is odd, i wonder if it is volume related or other with > the application of the disk. I'd guess that line 0x0007 > is also possibly volume related. > > The only deviating entry at 073 has a 7f in what I'm guessing is the > cylinder column, so maybe an "erased" entry? > > And for whatever reason, there are 6 bytes "live" in the beginning, the > two bytes of 0x in all the entries as well. > > As to the missing file names, I wonder if that data is in the text of > the disk. That was one way that file > systems had to pay with variable length packed data since tables like > this was necessary with fixed length. > > I am guessing you don't want to share the file names, but I'd take the > numbers in the cylinder and sector columns > and see if you can spot something like filenames and the like. > > I had a file system on a Microdata 1621 based mini that i wrote, and we > put the directory entry in both the main > VTOC and in the heading of the first sector of the file. Thank god for > that, as one time we had a malfunction and > had to do a VTOC rebuild from scanning the entire disk, but that's > another story. > > Thanks > Jim > > On 1/8/2017 6:09 PM, Chuck Guzis wrote: >> On 01/08/2017 04:42 PM, william degnan wrote: >>> Inverse 8085? >> I don't think so. If it helps, here's the first few lines of the >> "directory": >> >> 000: 00 a1 7a c1 c0 00 00 >> 0007: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 1a 02 38 00 >> 0013: a1 7a c1 c0 00 00 00 00 1b ff 00 00 >> 001f: 5c 25 15 1b 4c 40 00 00 ff ff 37 05 >> 002b: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 8f 31 01 >> 0037:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 85 25 05* >> 0043: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 02 0f 02 >> 004f:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff b6 09 04* >> 005b: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 03 02 03 >> 0067:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 12 01* >> 0073: d0 7f 9f 12 1f bd 53 28 ff ff 7f 02 >> 007f:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 2b 00* >> 008b:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 83 28 04* >> 0097:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 38 00* >> 00a3: 94 2f 3e 80 00 00 00 00 ff 01 1d 00 >> 00af: 94 2f 4b 00 00 00 00 00 ff 03 35 05 >> 00bb: 94 2f 4b 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 3e 06 >> ... >> >> There are no other tables on disk. The disk itself is hard-sectored, >> with a sector length of 150 bytes and 16 sectors per track. They're >> interleaved 3:1 and grouped into blocks of 1200 bytes. The directory >> would correspond to block 0 and there are 72 entries in it, less the >> header. >> >> I can get the raw text, but how it's linked together and what file names >> might is still a mystery. >> >> --Chuck >> >> >> > > -- --Chuck - "The first thing we do, let's kill all the spammers."
Re: Don't put certain tool handles in with artifacts...acetic acid and butyri...
Yep - -Al I need to separate my Burroughs Xcelite tools somehow form some of the other things. Acetic acid will eat stuff... the Enigma had a green acitate filter in the lid... with the case closed it ate all the metal keytops rings up. It was ghastly! Ed# In a message dated 1/8/2017 9:10:45 P.M. US Mountain Standard Time, a...@bitsavers.org writes: > I found this interesting wondering why some tool handles smelled odd. Xcelite is notorious for this
Fwd: Stinky screwdrivers
I sent this out to some friends at the end of December Forwarded Message Subject: Stinky screwdrivers Date: Thu, 29 Dec 2016 08:51:02 -0800 From: Al KossowTo: Eric Schlaepfer , Kenneth Sumrall CC: Hedley Rainnie , Alvaro http://www.garagejournal.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-153147.html I've been buying a lot of Xcelite tools lately, and was wondering why some of the handles stunk. Sadly, it looks like the good USA made hand tools will all have their plastic handles crumble eventually though I have two Craftsmen nut drivers I bought in 1975 that are still perfect. Xcelite isn't made in the US anymore. Bought a #0 Super-tru Tip (no longer says USA) and it is absolute crap. -- as an addendum, I just bought a new "Made in USA" Xcelite pliers, and the build quality was an embarrassment. now I understand all the interest in used hand tools on eBay
Re: Don't put certain tool handles in with artifacts...acetic acid and butyric acid
> I found this interesting wondering why some tool handles smelled odd. Xcelite is notorious for this
Don't put certain tool handles in with artifacts...acetic acid and butyric acid
Don't put certain tool handles in with artifacts... acetic acid and butyric acid EATS! I found this interesting wondering why some tool handles smelled odd. - Ed Sharpe archivist for SMECC "Tool handles made of Cellulose Acetate Butyrate. A thermoplastic, it offers excellent UV and solvent resistance that cellulose acetate doesn't offer. And it feels in the hand like a natural substance, something that is almost intangible, like a tool that is made by craftsmen, a characteristic that a polyethylene or polypropylene handle does not have. CAB also offers no splinters like the older wood handles. It also can be very clear. And when that plastic begins to degrade, it releases free acetic acid and butyric acid." Read much much more here-> http://dwarmstr.blogspot.com/2013/02/why-toolboxes-and-tool-handles-stink.ht ml
Re: Sunday brain tickler
I don't know the names, but the use of extents might be something going on. I highlighted the c4a3 extent. The last two columns maybe cylinder and sector number. There may be a free count going on with the next to the last two bytes 0xff85 for instance in the first stick. Since line 0x000 is odd, i wonder if it is volume related or other with the application of the disk. I'd guess that line 0x0007 is also possibly volume related. The only deviating entry at 073 has a 7f in what I'm guessing is the cylinder column, so maybe an "erased" entry? And for whatever reason, there are 6 bytes "live" in the beginning, the two bytes of 0x in all the entries as well. As to the missing file names, I wonder if that data is in the text of the disk. That was one way that file systems had to pay with variable length packed data since tables like this was necessary with fixed length. I am guessing you don't want to share the file names, but I'd take the numbers in the cylinder and sector columns and see if you can spot something like filenames and the like. I had a file system on a Microdata 1621 based mini that i wrote, and we put the directory entry in both the main VTOC and in the heading of the first sector of the file. Thank god for that, as one time we had a malfunction and had to do a VTOC rebuild from scanning the entire disk, but that's another story. Thanks Jim On 1/8/2017 6:09 PM, Chuck Guzis wrote: On 01/08/2017 04:42 PM, william degnan wrote: Inverse 8085? I don't think so. If it helps, here's the first few lines of the "directory": 000: 00 a1 7a c1 c0 00 00 0007: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 1a 02 38 00 0013: a1 7a c1 c0 00 00 00 00 1b ff 00 00 001f: 5c 25 15 1b 4c 40 00 00 ff ff 37 05 002b: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 8f 31 01 0037:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 85 25 05* 0043: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 02 0f 02 004f:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff b6 09 04* 005b: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 03 02 03 0067:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 12 01* 0073: d0 7f 9f 12 1f bd 53 28 ff ff 7f 02 007f:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 2b 00* 008b:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 83 28 04* 0097:*c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 38 00* 00a3: 94 2f 3e 80 00 00 00 00 ff 01 1d 00 00af: 94 2f 4b 00 00 00 00 00 ff 03 35 05 00bb: 94 2f 4b 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 3e 06 ... There are no other tables on disk. The disk itself is hard-sectored, with a sector length of 150 bytes and 16 sectors per track. They're interleaved 3:1 and grouped into blocks of 1200 bytes. The directory would correspond to block 0 and there are 72 entries in it, less the header. I can get the raw text, but how it's linked together and what file names might is still a mystery. --Chuck
Re: Unknown keyboard
Kyle Owenwrites: > Does anyone have an idea what this keyboard went to? The "here is" key > tells me it's likely a terminal, but the hex key pad is throwing me off. > Pictures here: http://imgur.com/a/zTgR2 On 2017-Jan-08, at 6:17 PM, Brian Walenz wrote: > I've got one in the metal case. On the back is a property tag: > > Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical > E.T. "028400a" [<- the 'a' in pen] > Gov't I.D. "MDA9729530013" > Prop. of "USAF" > R-5051-2-REV.5-93 > > Where the stuff in quotes is from a typewriter, the rest is form > boilerplate. There are also some inventory control stickers from 1999 and > 2001. > > I made a new EPROM that made it output a unique code for each key, but I'd > have to dig up the notes to say anything useful. I never figured out what > the daughter board was for and just removed it. The daughterboard on the one in question has a 6402 on it, so can be expected to be a parallel to serial converter. The daughterboard also has what appears to be "Ditronics" labeled on it. A search turns up a currently existing Ditronics doing financial-world tech services, no idea whether it could trace back to the 80s keyboard.
Re: Unknown keyboard
I've got one in the metal case. On the back is a property tag: Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical E.T. "028400a" [<- the 'a' in pen] Gov't I.D. "MDA9729530013" Prop. of "USAF" R-5051-2-REV.5-93 Where the stuff in quotes is from a typewriter, the rest is form boilerplate. There are also some inventory control stickers from 1999 and 2001. I made a new EPROM that made it output a unique code for each key, but I'd have to dig up the notes to say anything useful. I never figured out what the daughter board was for and just removed it. b
Re: Sunday brain tickler
On 01/08/2017 04:42 PM, william degnan wrote: > Inverse 8085? I don't think so. If it helps, here's the first few lines of the "directory": 000: 00 a1 7a c1 c0 00 00 0007: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 1a 02 38 00 0013: a1 7a c1 c0 00 00 00 00 1b ff 00 00 001f: 5c 25 15 1b 4c 40 00 00 ff ff 37 05 002b: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 8f 31 01 0037: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 85 25 05 0043: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 02 0f 02 004f: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff b6 09 04 005b: 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 ff 03 02 03 0067: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 12 01 0073: d0 7f 9f 12 1f bd 53 28 ff ff 7f 02 007f: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 2b 00 008b: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 83 28 04 0097: c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 ff 01 38 00 00a3: 94 2f 3e 80 00 00 00 00 ff 01 1d 00 00af: 94 2f 4b 00 00 00 00 00 ff 03 35 05 00bb: 94 2f 4b 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 3e 06 ... There are no other tables on disk. The disk itself is hard-sectored, with a sector length of 150 bytes and 16 sectors per track. They're interleaved 3:1 and grouped into blocks of 1200 bytes. The directory would correspond to block 0 and there are 72 entries in it, less the header. I can get the raw text, but how it's linked together and what file names might is still a mystery. --Chuck
Re: Sunday brain tickler
Inverse 8085? Bill Degnan twitter: billdeg vintagecomputer.net On Jan 8, 2017 7:38 PM, "Chuck Guzis"wrote: > On 01/08/2017 04:24 PM, Jules Richardson wrote: > > On 01/08/2017 10:03 AM, Chuck Guzis wrote: > >> I'm looking at a sample of what I see as a directory of sorts and > >> am attempting to decode the file names from it. They're not > >> anything as elegant as Rad50, but the encoding has escaped my weary > >> brain. > > > > Hmm, do you have any clues to go on? Knowledge of what some of the > > names might logically be, whether filename extensions were a concept > > or not, whether uppercase/lowercase/punctuation in names was > > supported etc.? > > > > What would be really handy I suppose would be a disk where the user > > had written some of the document names on the label :-) > > > About all I can offer is that the names may (not certain) include the > string "LTER". > > Typical work for me, I'm afraid. Keeps me young. > > --Chuck >
Re: Sunday brain tickler
On 01/08/2017 04:24 PM, Jules Richardson wrote: > On 01/08/2017 10:03 AM, Chuck Guzis wrote: >> I'm looking at a sample of what I see as a directory of sorts and >> am attempting to decode the file names from it. They're not >> anything as elegant as Rad50, but the encoding has escaped my weary >> brain. > > Hmm, do you have any clues to go on? Knowledge of what some of the > names might logically be, whether filename extensions were a concept > or not, whether uppercase/lowercase/punctuation in names was > supported etc.? > > What would be really handy I suppose would be a disk where the user > had written some of the document names on the label :-) About all I can offer is that the names may (not certain) include the string "LTER". Typical work for me, I'm afraid. Keeps me young. --Chuck
Re: Sunday brain tickler
On 01/08/2017 10:03 AM, Chuck Guzis wrote: I'm looking at a sample of what I see as a directory of sorts and am attempting to decode the file names from it. They're not anything as elegant as Rad50, but the encoding has escaped my weary brain. Hmm, do you have any clues to go on? Knowledge of what some of the names might logically be, whether filename extensions were a concept or not, whether uppercase/lowercase/punctuation in names was supported etc.? What would be really handy I suppose would be a disk where the user had written some of the document names on the label :-)
RE: Stripping an RA80
>Tony Duellwrote: >Well, actually I think you own an R80 but don't know it :-) >As I understand it, the R80 had the sort-of SMD interface. 2 cables >(60 and 26 wires). It's not SMD, there are significant differences, but anyway. Can't speak for it being an SMD interface, but the rest of this is correct. And as tony said, the R80 was used only in the VAX-11/730 with the IDC. The IDC, with the help of the CPU microcode, turns the R80 into an MSCP drive and also controls up to three RL02 drives at the same time. FWIW, you can put an R80 HDA in an RA80 drive and vice-versa without needing to reformat. Don't know if that's true for the RM80 - I've never actually used one of those. I have an 11/730 in the garage with the IDC and R80 drive. I've got lots of spares for the R80 drive itself, but only one HDA and that one is unusable due to too many errors. Fortunately I also have a UDA-50 and two more RA8x drives in the machine so it's still usable. It boots just fine from the UDA-50, but I'd love to restore the original drive. If anybody has an R?80 HDA that they'd be willing to part with, let me know! Bob
RE: Stripping an RA80
>Tony Duellwrote: >R80 the lines are outputs from the drive giving the coding of the ready lamp >cap I was always thought that the R80 had to be unit #0 to function, but I admit that I've never tried anything else. I wonder if that's not true?? The RL02 drive(s) on the IDC can be any of units 1, 2 or 3. >The HDA is the only major unit I can't repair (yet!). Yeah, same here. In addition to the 11/730 with one (dead) R80, one RA81 and one RA82, I have a MicroVAX-III with an RA82 drive. Keeping them all working has been a real challenge. Fixing the electronics and mechanical parts isn't too bad, and I have plenty of spares, but the HDAs don’t seem to be very reliable. I get the impression that they were designed with a finite number of spin up/spin down cycles in mind, and once you exceed that limit they die. Fortunately I've been able to find spares for the RA81 and RA82 HDAs, but R?80s seem to be pretty rare. Bob
Re: More circuit help required please
On 08/01/2017 18:20, "Tony Duell"wrote: >> However, two of us bought units at the same time and the other one has a >> little bridgeboard containing a 74LS244 that sends the RGB signals to a DIN >> socket on the back of the case for an external monitor. I also can't see a > > And in a sense there was... Yep. I'm pleased we found that mod in the other unit because I made my own bridgeboard and hooked the display up to a Microvitec CUB, I got exactly the same picture (in colour) on that as I did in mono on the 5" TV so I knew the analogue board and TV were OK. >> luminance line on the connection to the TV board on mine, just >> red-green-blue with sync and inverse sync which go to the horizontal driver > > Do you mean that the common cathode connection of those diodes goes to > the monitor connector but nowhere then on the monitor PCB? No, in trying to trace some of the lines along the bottom of the board I took the monitor cable off and traced the pins. They are: 1 - 5V 2 - NC 3 - looped to 5 4 - Sync out 5 - looped to 3 6 - emitter of V326 via R336 7 - GREEN 8 - RED 9 - Inverse sync (which also goes via R332 to the base of V333) 10 - BLUE 11 - GND 12 - GND 13 - 12V 14 - 12V >>> Is the MR9735 doing anything? Is it accessing memory, for example? >>> I still wonder if it has to be initialised (say to vewdata rather than >>> teletext mode) and if this is not occuring. >> >> Its address and data buses are active as is the pair of 2114s that are >> acting as a page store. There's a 74LS240 buffering the data bus and that's >> active. > > OK.. My dislike of 2114s is legendary, but probably not the problem here They're OK too, surprisingly. I took them off the board and put them in a PET8032 as video RAM. >> You could be right though, I'm not convinced the unit is actually running >> any code yet despite the ROMCS lines working and I can see activity in all >> 16 RAM chips. Data bus and address bus at CPU and ROM chips looks happy from > > What are the RAMs? If they're more 2114s I wonder if they have problems > that are confusing the CPU (perhaps corrupting the stack?) 4116-2 wired as 2 banks of 8. >> a 'doing something' point of view. All the control lines on the CPU are >> pulsing with the exception of IO/M but if all the IO the chip is doing is to >> memory then that's to be expected. > > What's the CPU? 8085? I've had those fail in odd ways. Yeah, 8085A. Thanks to list members I have some spares to try. >> I've disassembled the ROM code so I'll have a look through that for an init >> routine, also the datasheet should tell me what its expecting at powerup. > > Personally, I'd stick a logic analyser on it and start tracing the code. See > if it is executing anything correctly. I've only got a cheap-ish Saleae compatible 16 channel analyser. Watching code is a bit above my current level of self-paced learning :) -- Adrian/Witchy Binary Dinosaurs creator/curator Www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk - the UK's biggest private home computer collection?
Re: Stripping an RA80
On Sun, Jan 8, 2017 at 6:46 PM, Robert Armstrongwrote: >>Tony Duell wrote: >>R80 the lines are outputs from the drive giving the coding of the ready lamp >>cap > > I was always thought that the R80 had to be unit #0 to function, but I admit > that I've never tried > anything else. I wonder if that's not true?? The RL02 drive(s) on the IDC > can be any of units > 1, 2 or 3. I don't know about the 11/730's IDC. I was just looking at the R80 schematics, the unit number lines are output on the 60 wire cable. Maybe the RM80's massbus box uses them or something? A quick look at the printset and technical manual suggests that the 11/730 IDC compares the drive select number from the appropriate output register with the unit number from the R80 (set by the ready lamp cap). If they match it uses the R80 logic, if not then it uses the RL02 logic. I have no idea if the nomal software will work if the R80 s anything but unit 0, but it looks like the hardware was designed to allow for it. > >>The HDA is the only major unit I can't repair (yet!). > > Yeah, same here. In addition to the 11/730 with one (dead) R80, one RA81 > and one RA82, > I have a MicroVAX-III with an RA82 drive. Keeping them all working has been > a real challenge. The only (other) SDI drive I have is an RA60, and I have no packs for it. I doubt I will ever use it. > Fixing the electronics and mechanical parts isn't too bad, and I have plenty > of spares, but the Apart from the ROMs (and those 8355s/8755s are not suported by most programmers/readers now available), there are no custom parts on the PCBs that I've spotted. There are custom chips on the PCB on the front of the HDA and unlike one Micropolis drive I work on, you can't replace them without dismantling the HDA (in a clean room). There are also plug and socket connectors on that PCB -- inside the HDA. I hope those don't suffer from bad contacts! > HDAs don’t seem to be very reliable. I get the impression that they were > designed with a finite > number of spin up/spin down cycles in mind, and once you exceed that limit > they die. Fortunately Quite likely. Which means we are less kind to them than we should be in that we don't keep them running (or at least I won't) > I've been able to find spares for the RA81 and RA82 HDAs, but R?80s seem to > be pretty rare. -tony
Re: Stripping an RA80
On Sun, Jan 8, 2017 at 6:20 PM, Robert Armstrongwrote: >>Tony Duell wrote: >>Well, actually I think you own an R80 but don't know it :-) >>As I understand it, the R80 had the sort-of SMD interface. 2 cables >>(60 and 26 wires). It's not SMD, there are significant differences, but >>anyway. > > Can't speak for it being an SMD interface, but the rest of this is correct. > And as tony It's somewhat SMD-like, but it's not SMD. Some of the signals have the same names (like the control signal bus from controller to drive being called 'Tag') but you can't plug an SMD drive into the 11/730 IDC. One oddiity is that the SMD drive's select lines are inputs to the drive (as you'd expect), on the R80 the lines are outputs from the drive giving the coding of the ready lamp cap (which sets the unit number like an RL02). I've not looked into making an interface between the 11/730 IDC and an SMD drive, I might have to if the R80 proves unrepairable. > said, the R80 was used only in the VAX-11/730 with the IDC. The IDC, with > the help of > the CPU microcode, turns the R80 into an MSCP drive and also controls up to > three > RL02 drives at the same time. FWIW, you can put an R80 HDA in an RA80 drive > and > vice-versa without needing to reformat. Don't know if that's true for the > RM80 - I've never > actually used one of those. I've always felt that the RA80 is the 'oddest' member of the family. As a result I suspect an RM80 HDA will swap with the others and vice versa, but I've not tried it. The RM80 manuals aren't on Bitsavers. > > I have an 11/730 in the garage with the IDC and R80 drive. I've got lots of > spares for the > R80 drive itself, but only one HDA and that one is unusable due to too many > errors. > Fortunately I also have a UDA-50 and two more RA8x drives in the machine so > it's still > usable. It boots just fine from the UDA-50, but I'd love to restore the > original drive. The RA81 and RA82 HDAs seem quite different. They have more heads for one thing, but I get the feeling that the servo system is quite different. One manual suggests not only do they have the dedicated servo surface, but also embedded servo information on the data surfaces. AFAIK the R80, etc only has the dedcated servo surface. The servo PCB seems to be the same in the R80 and RM80. That for the RA81 is a lot more complex with a microprocessor on it. I had wondered if you could kludge an RA81 or RA82 HDA into an R80, I think it would be very hard. > > If anybody has an R?80 HDA that they'd be willing to part with, let me know! Not only am I the wrong side of the Pond, but the HDA is one part I am keeping from the RA80, no matter what I do with the rest of it. I don't know if it's good, of course, but if it is it will be kept as a spare for the R80. The HDA is the only major unit I can't repair (yet!). -tony
Re: More circuit help required please
On Sun, Jan 8, 2017 at 6:11 PM, Adrian Grahamwrote: > On 08/01/2017 17:21, "Tony Duell" wrote: > >>> I photographed both sides of the board and merged the pictures together to >>> make a front/back composite. The trace for the cathodes of the 3 diodes >>> links together on the back of the board and doesn't go anywhere else. The >>> front trace from V302 cathode goes straight to R312. The anodes DO link with >>> the monitor driver board through the connection marked MON though. >> >> OK, probably some kind of luminance signal. Was there ever a monochrome >> version of this unit? > > The whole unit is monochrome, it only has a little 5" B TV as its output > device - OK, was there ever a colour version :-) > > http://www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk/STCExecutel01.jpg > > However, two of us bought units at the same time and the other one has a > little bridgeboard containing a 74LS244 that sends the RGB signals to a DIN > socket on the back of the case for an external monitor. I also can't see a And in a sense there was... > luminance line on the connection to the TV board on mine, just > red-green-blue with sync and inverse sync which go to the horizontal driver Do you mean that the common cathode connection of those diodes goes to the monitor connector but nowhere then on the monitor PCB? >> Is the MR9735 doing anything? Is it accessing memory, for example? >> I still wonder if it has to be initialised (say to vewdata rather than >> teletext mode) and if this is not occuring. > > Its address and data buses are active as is the pair of 2114s that are > acting as a page store. There's a 74LS240 buffering the data bus and that's > active. OK.. My dislike of 2114s is legendary, but probably not the problem here > > You could be right though, I'm not convinced the unit is actually running > any code yet despite the ROMCS lines working and I can see activity in all > 16 RAM chips. Data bus and address bus at CPU and ROM chips looks happy from What are the RAMs? If they're more 2114s I wonder if they have problems that are confusing the CPU (perhaps corrupting the stack?) > a 'doing something' point of view. All the control lines on the CPU are > pulsing with the exception of IO/M but if all the IO the chip is doing is to > memory then that's to be expected. What's the CPU? 8085? I've had those fail in odd ways. > > I've disassembled the ROM code so I'll have a look through that for an init > routine, also the datasheet should tell me what its expecting at powerup. Personally, I'd stick a logic analyser on it and start tracing the code. See if it is executing anything correctly. -tony
Re: More circuit help required please
On 08/01/2017 17:21, "Tony Duell"wrote: >> I photographed both sides of the board and merged the pictures together to >> make a front/back composite. The trace for the cathodes of the 3 diodes >> links together on the back of the board and doesn't go anywhere else. The >> front trace from V302 cathode goes straight to R312. The anodes DO link with >> the monitor driver board through the connection marked MON though. > > OK, probably some kind of luminance signal. Was there ever a monochrome > version of this unit? The whole unit is monochrome, it only has a little 5" B TV as its output device - http://www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk/STCExecutel01.jpg However, two of us bought units at the same time and the other one has a little bridgeboard containing a 74LS244 that sends the RGB signals to a DIN socket on the back of the case for an external monitor. I also can't see a luminance line on the connection to the TV board on mine, just red-green-blue with sync and inverse sync which go to the horizontal driver chip and vertical driver chip respectively. You may remember I was asking questions about these chips a couple of months ago because that TV board suffered some component rot and I thought the wavy picture was because of that. >> One of the reasons I'm asking these questions is I'm trying to see if >> there's another source of composite sync given that the MR9735 itself >> doesn't do it, even though it should. > > I doubt it Why would there be? Clutching at straws :) > Is the MR9735 doing anything? Is it accessing memory, for example? > I still wonder if it has to be initialised (say to vewdata rather than > teletext mode) and if this is not occuring. Its address and data buses are active as is the pair of 2114s that are acting as a page store. There's a 74LS240 buffering the data bus and that's active. You could be right though, I'm not convinced the unit is actually running any code yet despite the ROMCS lines working and I can see activity in all 16 RAM chips. Data bus and address bus at CPU and ROM chips looks happy from a 'doing something' point of view. All the control lines on the CPU are pulsing with the exception of IO/M but if all the IO the chip is doing is to memory then that's to be expected. I've disassembled the ROM code so I'll have a look through that for an init routine, also the datasheet should tell me what its expecting at powerup. Cheers, -- Adrian/Witchy Binary Dinosaurs creator/curator Www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk - the UK's biggest private home computer collection?
Re: More circuit help required please
> I photographed both sides of the board and merged the pictures together to > make a front/back composite. The trace for the cathodes of the 3 diodes > links together on the back of the board and doesn't go anywhere else. The > front trace from V302 cathode goes straight to R312. The anodes DO link with > the monitor driver board through the connection marked MON though. OK, probably some kind of luminance signal. Was there ever a monochrome version of this unit? > One of the reasons I'm asking these questions is I'm trying to see if > there's another source of composite sync given that the MR9735 itself > doesn't do it, even though it should. I doubt it Why would there be? Is the MR9735 doing anything? Is it accessing memory, for example? I still wonder if it has to be initialised (say to vewdata rather than teletext mode) and if this is not occuring. -tony
Re: More circuit help required please
On 08/01/2017 16:18, "Mouse"wrote: http://www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk/STCExecutelSyncCircuit.jpg >>> I don't believe it's correct as drawn. For one thing you have V333, >>> an NPN transistor, with the collector grounded (and no -ve supplies >>> on the circuit. > > Bipolar transistors are to some extent symmetric under interchange of > collector and emitter. Simplified pictures showing a bar of > semiconductor with the ends being emitter and collector and a thin base > layer in the middle are, well, simplified, but there is _some_ truth > lurking in them. > > However, the only reason I could see that being done deliberately is if > the circuit is analog and the transistor's behaviour is relevantly > different from the normal way around. This circuit doesn't look like > that to me. Redrawing it a bit less confusingly with V333 E/C swapped > makes it look as though V333 and V326 are being used in their switching > regions, not their linear regions. Yes, I got the emitter and collector swapped. The software I'm using (Fritzing) is excellent given it costs nothing, but occasionally you can make a change then alter something else in the properties of the item and the change is lost. > The lack of negative supplies is hardly conclusivein itself; negative > voltages could be developed in any of many ways. However, V325, R322, > and V326 would make it difficult for the R335/V325/V333 junction point > to get too far below 5V (admittedly this is much less true if R322's > value is actually significantly higher). > > I also question the way R311/R310/R309 are all different. I would > expect the red, green, and blue circuits to be electrically more or > less identical, and different pulldown values does not fit with that. There's been a couple of resistor failures with this board so I'm at the stage of starting with a DMM, swapping probes to hopefully get a consistent reading then reading the bands and using the calculator here for ones I don't instantly recognise: http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/tools/resistor-color-code-calculator/ If the two don't match I take it out of circuit. -- Adrian/Witchy Binary Dinosaurs creator/curator Www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk - the UK's biggest private home computer collection?
Re: More circuit help required please
On 08/01/2017 14:06, "Tony Duell"wrote: > On Sun, Jan 8, 2017 at 2:00 PM, Adrian Graham > wrote: > >> You were right, I'd drawn out R335 wrongly and flipped V333. All the anodes >> go via R312 to the collector of V333 along with R309-R311. Base for V333 is >> the inverted sync output of the MR9735. R322 is 6.8k >> (blue-grey-black-brown). All diodes are 1N4148. >> >> http://www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk/STCExecutelSyncCircuit2.jpg > > That makes more sense. I am surprised that the anodes of the diodes don't go > to a +ve power line (maybe +12V), though. It could be right as drawn, > but I would check it. I photographed both sides of the board and merged the pictures together to make a front/back composite. The trace for the cathodes of the 3 diodes links together on the back of the board and doesn't go anywhere else. The front trace from V302 cathode goes straight to R312. The anodes DO link with the monitor driver board through the connection marked MON though. > When you power up, what voltage and/or signal (use a 'scope) do you see on the > anodes of said diodes? Looks to be 4V on all 3 lines for RGB: http://www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk/STCExecutelRGBsignal.jpg One of the reasons I'm asking these questions is I'm trying to see if there's another source of composite sync given that the MR9735 itself doesn't do it, even though it should. Cheers! -- Adrian/Witchy Binary Dinosaurs creator/curator Www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk - the UK's biggest private home computer collection?
Re: More circuit help required please
On Sun, Jan 8, 2017 at 4:18 PM, Mousewrote: > I also question the way R311/R310/R309 are all different. I would > expect the red, green, and blue circuits to be electrically more or > less identical, and different pulldown values does not fit with that. Well, I wonder if it's producing a weighted sum of R,G,B to make a monochrome luminance signal. Not at all uncommon. -tony
Re: More circuit help required please
>>> http://www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk/STCExecutelSyncCircuit.jpg >> I don't believe it's correct as drawn. For one thing you have V333, >> an NPN transistor, with the collector grounded (and no -ve supplies >> on the circuit. Bipolar transistors are to some extent symmetric under interchange of collector and emitter. Simplified pictures showing a bar of semiconductor with the ends being emitter and collector and a thin base layer in the middle are, well, simplified, but there is _some_ truth lurking in them. However, the only reason I could see that being done deliberately is if the circuit is analog and the transistor's behaviour is relevantly different from the normal way around. This circuit doesn't look like that to me. Redrawing it a bit less confusingly with V333 E/C swapped makes it look as though V333 and V326 are being used in their switching regions, not their linear regions. The lack of negative supplies is hardly conclusivein itself; negative voltages could be developed in any of many ways. However, V325, R322, and V326 would make it difficult for the R335/V325/V333 junction point to get too far below 5V (admittedly this is much less true if R322's value is actually significantly higher). I also question the way R311/R310/R309 are all different. I would expect the red, green, and blue circuits to be electrically more or less identical, and different pulldown values does not fit with that. >> For another, R322 is ridiculously low. Indeed. I don't know how much you know about electronics at the relevant level, so it's possible what I'm about to say is unnecessary or has already been considered. Did these resistor values come from reading bands, or measuring in-circuit, or what? Note that R322 is in parallel with the C-B diode of V326; a simple ohmmeter put across it may end up measuring the diode drop instead. (To test this theory, switch ranges. A diode drop will usually give you approximately the same digits in each range - eg, 6.7 ohms on the 0-10 range, 67 ohms on the 0-100 one, 670 ohms for the 0-1K range, etc. Also, swapping the probe leads will give a different reading if that's what's behind this.) >> And I would expect the anodes of the 3 diodes on the RGB outputs to >> go somewhere other than a resistor to ground. At least with R312 as high as 10K. If it were much lower, the diodes could be clipping diodes; a diode drop is not too far from about the right swing for a video signal. /~\ The ASCII Mouse \ / Ribbon Campaign X Against HTMLmo...@rodents-montreal.org / \ Email! 7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39 4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B
Sunday brain tickler
I'm looking at a sample of what I see as a directory of sorts and am attempting to decode the file names from it. They're not anything as elegant as Rad50, but the encoding has escaped my weary brain. The system in question is a Lanier 103 word processor. Here are some samples. Can anyone come up with the encoding scheme? It can't be very complex as this was a comparatively brain-dead system: (All values in hex) c4 a3 75 6a ab 52 00 00 5c 25 15 1b 4c 40 00 00 cd 6d 15 7a a6 10 cb 82 a1 7a c1 c0 00 00 00 00 94 2f 38 40 00 00 00 00 d0 7f 9f 12 25 fd 53 28 The recurrence of these strings in what appears to be a block directory in the same position tell me that they must be file names. The file data itself is in ASCII, more or less (special formatting codes). The distribution of values to me suggests some sort of bit-packing algorithm is involved. Thanks for any suggestions. --Chuck
Re: Drum Computers
On 01/08/2017 03:02 AM, Mark Linimon wrote: > - One time a contractor came in to paint the building and despite > instructions, painted the computer room as well. Of course the paint > got in to the Bryant. The folks who worked on it said, well, what > have we got to lose. They pulled the platters, used some kind of > solvent to remove the mess, put them back in, and the thing just > continued to work. "Tolerances", who needs 'em ... I had a couple of the salvaged Bryant platters as mementos back in the day. I thought about making a coffee table out of one, but the hole in the middle was a stopper for me. Perhaps I should have stuck a flowerpot in it or something... As I recall the heads on the Bryant weighed in at about 8 lbs apiece. --Chuck
Re: Drum Computers
On Sat, Jan 07, 2017 at 04:26:25PM -0800, Chuck Guzis wrote: > I'm sure that Paul remembers the CDC 6603 disk drive, made by Bryant > (the big horizontal spindle one with the hydraulic "leak collectors"). I didn't see the Bryant that Rice University had in operation on the R1 Research Computer; I was one year too late for that. They did save one of the platters for laughs. I recall it being about as wide as my outstretched arms. I was told two tales about the Bryant: - They had it up on the second floor. When the Bryant would seek, the building would "counter-seek". - One time a contractor came in to paint the building and despite instructions, painted the computer room as well. Of course the paint got in to the Bryant. The folks who worked on it said, well, what have we got to lose. They pulled the platters, used some kind of solvent to remove the mess, put them back in, and the thing just continued to work. "Tolerances", who needs 'em ... mcl
Re: More circuit help required please
On Sun, Jan 8, 2017 at 2:00 PM, Adrian Grahamwrote: > You were right, I'd drawn out R335 wrongly and flipped V333. All the anodes > go via R312 to the collector of V333 along with R309-R311. Base for V333 is > the inverted sync output of the MR9735. R322 is 6.8k > (blue-grey-black-brown). All diodes are 1N4148. > > http://www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk/STCExecutelSyncCircuit2.jpg That makes more sense. I am surprised that the anodes of the diodes don't go to a +ve power line (maybe +12V), though. It could be right as drawn, but I would check it. When you power up, what voltage and/or signal (use a 'scope) do you see on the anodes of said diodes? -tony
Re: More circuit help required please
On 08/01/2017 07:31, "Tony Duell"wrote: > On Sat, Jan 7, 2017 at 11:37 PM, Adrian Graham > wrote: >> Evening all, >> >> I wish I had the ability to take a board layout and turn it into a logically >> laid out schematic but as yet I don't. Video sync on my Executel 3910 is >> still running me round in circles so could one of you fine folk take a look >> at this board layout drawn as best I can: >> >> http://www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk/STCExecutelSyncCircuit.jpg >> >> ...and let me know what it does please? The chip on the left is a Plessey > > > I don't believe it's correct as drawn. For one thing you have V333, an NPN > transistor, with the collector grounded (and no -ve supplies on the circuit. > For > another, R322 is ridiculously low. And I would expect the anodes of the > 3 diodes on the RGB outputs to go somewhere other than a resistor to > ground. You were right, I'd drawn out R335 wrongly and flipped V333. All the anodes go via R312 to the collector of V333 along with R309-R311. Base for V333 is the inverted sync output of the MR9735. R322 is 6.8k (blue-grey-black-brown). All diodes are 1N4148. http://www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk/STCExecutelSyncCircuit2.jpg Thanks for looking! -- Adrian/Witchy Binary Dinosaurs creator/curator Www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk - the UK's biggest private home computer collection?
Re: More circuit help required please
On 08/01/2017 07:31, "Tony Duell"wrote: > On Sat, Jan 7, 2017 at 11:37 PM, Adrian Graham > wrote: >> Evening all, >> >> I wish I had the ability to take a board layout and turn it into a logically >> laid out schematic but as yet I don't. Video sync on my Executel 3910 is >> still running me round in circles so could one of you fine folk take a look >> at this board layout drawn as best I can: >> >> http://www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk/STCExecutelSyncCircuit.jpg >> >> ...and let me know what it does please? The chip on the left is a Plessey > > > I don't believe it's correct as drawn. For one thing you have V333, an NPN > transistor, with the collector grounded (and no -ve supplies on the circuit. > For > another, R322 is ridiculously low. And I would expect the anodes of the > 3 diodes on the RGB outputs to go somewhere other than a resistor to > ground. Hm, ok, that's today's task then. For V333 it could be that I just have the pin numbers reversed but I'll double check. The diodes bothered me too and I'm trying to think of a better way of tracing unknown lines on the bottom of the board. My sponge-wrapped-in-tin-foil method isn't infallible. Cheers! -- Adrian/Witchy Binary Dinosaurs creator/curator Www.binarydinosaurs.co.uk - the UK's biggest private home computer collection?
Vintage computers for sale
Hey, I saw your message to the ClassicCmp making list. I believe I have a KIM-1 to sell you but I'd have to dig it out. Also, most of the machines mentioned in this posting are still available: http://www.vcfed.org/forum/showthread.php?51781-Mulitple-and-divers-computers-for-sale Let me know if anything I have interests you. Thanks! Sellam
Re: Drum Computers
On 01/07/2017 08:44 AM, Paul Koning wrote: > Not a drum computer but another example of a company not known for > computers that nevertheless built one: Goodyear. A supercomputer > called STARAN, a very odd architecture. Actually based on an earlier > one built at Sanders Associates (a defense contractor) invented by a > friend of ours, William Shooman. I'm sure that Paul remembers the CDC 6603 disk drive, made by Bryant (the big horizontal spindle one with the hydraulic "leak collectors"). Bryant Computer Products started out as the Bryant Chucking Grinder Company. Later, it was acquired by Ex-cell-o, the people who made milk cartons. I've witnessed someone slip and fall in a pool of Pydraul from a leaking Bryant 4000. They don't build 'em like that, thank heavens. --Chuck
Re: Drum Computers
On 2017-01-07 8:26 PM, Chuck Guzis wrote: On 01/07/2017 08:44 AM, Paul Koning wrote: Not a drum computer but another example of a company not known for computers that nevertheless built one: Goodyear. A supercomputer called STARAN, a very odd architecture. Actually based on an earlier one built at Sanders Associates (a defense contractor) invented by a friend of ours, William Shooman. I'm sure that Paul remembers the CDC 6603 disk drive, made by Bryant (the big horizontal spindle one with the hydraulic "leak collectors"). Bryant Computer Products started out as the Bryant Chucking Grinder Company. Later, it was acquired by Ex-cell-o, the people who made milk cartons. I've witnessed someone slip and fall in a pool of Pydraul from a leaking Bryant 4000. They don't build 'em like that, thank heavens. --Chuck Some of the early IBM disk drives used hydraulic actuators as well, and the 1403 used hydraulics to move the paper. I recall working on a high volume laser page printer that used an oil fuser, one of the rolls in the fuser dipped into a trough filled with silicon oil. The oil was fed by a plastic bottle with a regulator valve in the cap that was inverted in the end of the trough. Unfortunately the oil bottle was badly designed, and the cap would contact the body of the bottle before the threads bottomed out and you could pretty easily crack the neck where if joined the bottle if you where not careful. With the neck cracked all the oil would leak out and it made a huge mess inside the printer, but an even bigger problem was if it leaked out onto a raised floor it made the floor tiles extremely slick and it was very hard to clean off the tiles. Paul.