Re: technique : comment effacer le cache de Firefox (pour RefPerSys)

[steve]

Salut Basile,

J'utilise l'extension « Clear Cache » pour cela.

S

Le 02-06-2021, à 07:48:32 +0200, Basile Starynkevitch a écrit :


  Bonjour à tous,

  Je suis sous Linux (Ubuntu 21.04/x86-64 ou Debian Testing), navigateur
  Web firefox 88.

  Pour le projet [1]RefPerSys (un système d'IA symbolique libre, voir le
  site [2]refpersys.org et les exposés à [3]la journée d'hommage à
  Jacques Pitrat ...) j'aurais besoin d'effacer le cache du navigateur en
  un clic de souris.
  Comment faire concrètement?

  Cordialement

technique : comment effacer le cache de Firefox (pour RefPerSys)

[Basile Starynkevitch]

Bonjour à tous,


Je suis sous Linux (Ubuntu 21.04/x86-64 ou Debian Testing), navigateur 
Web firefox 88.




Pour le projet RefPerSys  (un système d'IA 
symbolique libre, voir le site refpersys.org  et 
les exposés à la journée d'hommage à Jacques Pitrat 
 ...) j'aurais besoin 
d'effacer le cache du navigateur en un clic de souris.


Comment faire concrètement?

Cordialement

--
Basile Starynkevitch  
(only mine opinions / les opinions sont miennes uniquement)
92340 Bourg-la-Reine, France
web page: starynkevitch.net/Basile/

Create Live image from installed Debian?

[Kristian Rink]

Folks;

been playing with MX Linux lately on a virtual machine and enjoyed its 
"snapshot" feature which apparently allows for creating a bootable / 
installable Live image of my installed system.


As I usually configure and tweak my Debian systems a bit, too, 
especially for desktop purposes, I wonder: Is something like that 
available for Debian too? How to do so best, if at all?


Thanks in advance and best regards,
Kristian

Grub on Dead Disk solved

[Martin McCormick]

I missed the INSTALL_DEVICE and now the script works.

The next step is to see if the drive boots but I just
forgot that one important detail.  Sorry to waste anyone's time.

Martin

Re: Mesurar rendiment d'una aplicació

[Àlex]

Bones Leo,

no sé gaire del tema, però l'article a la Wikipèdia en anglès aporta
alguna referència, per fer recerca:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_time

Salutacions


    Àlex



El 1/6/21 a les 19:14, Leopold Palomo-Avellaneda ha escrit:
> Bones,
>
> he enviat aquest missatge a la llista de caliu però ha tingut poc
> èxit... Us explico, probablement és un correu fora de tema, però
> m'agradaria preguntar aquí perquè potser alguns de vosaltres em podrien
> guiar.
>
> Estic treballant amb alguns científics per avaluar alguns programes que
> calculen una solució per a un problema. Bàsicament fan una instància de
> ILOG CPLEX i obtenen el temps utilitzat per calcular la solució o fan
> servir alguna heurística.
>
> Utilitzem un servidor per fer els càlculs, i hem trobat (òbviament)
> variacions significatives que depenen de la càrrega de la màquina. El
> què voler obtenir és un tipus de mesura independent de la càrrega del
> servidor.
>
> Un enfocament ha estat utilitzar el temps de CPU. En el nostre cas, el
> nombre total dels segons de CPU que el procés utilitza directament (en
> mode d'usuari). No estem parlant del temps real transcorregut (wall
> clock) que òbviament és directament està afectat per la càrrega de la
> màquina.
>
> No obstant això, hem realitzat diverses proves i hem descobert que té
> una variació al voltant del 10% (depenent de la càrrega). També hem
> avaluat el temps de CPU en mode kernel i també com hi ha un canvi de
> context perquè l'aplicació no s'executa. Però, sincerament no hem
> obtingut una idea clara del que està passant.
>
> Una altra qüestió que hem trobat és com pot afectar el nombre de nuclis.
> o CPUs físiques al servidor.
>
> Algú de vosaltres ha trobat aquests problemes i els ha resolt?
>
>
> Salutacions,
>
> Leopold
>

-- 
La solidaritat és la tendresa dels pobles. Lluita contra l'apartheid:

  http://boycottdebconf20.org/
  http://twitter.com/hashtag/BoycottDebConf20
  http://wiki.debian.org/DebConf/21

  https://www.btselem.org/publications/fulltext/202101_this_is_apartheid
  
https://www.elsaltodiario.com/ocupacion-israeli/apartheid-sanitario-israeli-metafora-kibbutz
  
https://www.elsaltodiario.com/elsacapuntas/estudiar-bajo-apartheid-el-dia-a-dia-de-los-estudiantes-palestinos

Re: Mesurar rendiment d'una aplicació

[Àlex]

Aquí hi ha diferents de codi per mesurar temps d'us de cpu (cpu time) i
el temps total (wall time). A tu t'interessa el cpu time:

https://levelup.gitconnected.com/8-ways-to-measure-execution-time-in-c-c-48634458d0f9

Grub on Dead Disk

[Martin McCormick]

I had this same problem late last Fall on this same drive
and am not sure what is going on because there is another Linux
system here whose drive is arranged exactly the same way.  An
update in March modified grub and I didn't even give it a thought
because that system just works but after an update a couple of
days ago, the dead system starts a boot but grub complains about
neither possible image being bootable.

When I rescued that system last Fall, I was advised on
this list to do the following which worked perfectly by the way:

>If you want a grub-install command that writes /boot/grub files
>somewhere onto /dev/sdd then you will first have to mount the desired
>target boot partiton of /dev/sdd on some mountpoint that you choose,
>and then run a command something like this:
>  sudo grub-install
>--boot-directory=/some/mountpoint/where/is/the/sdd/boot /dev/sdd

I mounted the drive on /mnt so looking at /mnt gives you / and
the directory where the correct files are is then /mnt/boot or
possibly /mnt/boot/grub.

I created the following shell script which I named do_grub.

#!/bin/sh
  sudo grub-install \
--boot-directory=/mnt/boot/

I get the following no matter where I point boot-directory:

./do_grub
[sudo] password for martin:
Installing for i386-pc platform.
grub-install: error: install device isn't specified.

I don't remember doing anything else.

I think this time I may also need to do update-grub on
the currently bootless drive.

As with the last time this happened, the dead drive
passes all fsck tests and the first time I ran fsck  on it,
nothing needed fixing.

This is one of these problems that hardly ever comes up
which means that when it happens, one spends/wastes a lot of
time doing duckduckgo and puzzling.  There should be a way to
automate or at least prompt the person running the recovery
attempt to find the right information to get things up and
running if at all possible.  It's all there such as the grub file
in /etc/default which should have the uuid of the/ and swap
partitions.  Right then, one could see if the uuid's are correct
and get a proper boot going in which one could then rerun
update-grub if necessary.  Right now, it's just fumble and fiddle
and wonder what happened.

I must have something set wrong to cause the apt-get
upgrade to build a non-functional grub since the system in
question made a number of reboots successfully between about last
December 1 and now.

I also remember reading a message about problems with
swap which is on /dev/sda5 when the drive is booted.  I found the
messages log which shows swap as correctly mounted and working
before the upgrade.

Is there another log which might still have that message
from apt-get upgrade.  The message was not captured at the time.

I have been using Debian on several systems for a number
of years and this one system is the only one which seems to fall
down every time grub is touched.  That indicates I need to check
one of the configuration files which probably has a wrong
partition ID or something similar.

I am just glad I have another Linux box to mount the
no-boot drive on and that the drive, itself, does not seem
corrupted just as the last time this happened.

Thanks for any constructive ideas.

Martin McCormick   WB5AGZ

Re: Ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc ???

[Thomas Schmitt]

Hi,

virtual private message to John Conover:

I answered to your private mail of 1 Jun 2021 12:51:26 -0700.
But my mail provider's server reports that your mail provider's server
refuses to take it:

  From: GMX Mailer Daemon 
  ...
  cono...@rahul.net:
  SMTP error from remote server for TEXT command, host: aqua-new.rahul.net
  (152.44.41.158) reason: 554 5.7.1 Spam message rejected
  ...
  --- The header of the original message is following. ---
  ...
  Date: Tue, 01 Jun 2021 22:31:02 +0200
  From: "Thomas Schmitt" 
  Message-Id: <6639336835130656...@scdbackup.webframe.org>

Please give me a note when i can make a new try.

(I tried again and got no rejection notice yet:
  Date: Tue, 01 Jun 2021 22:43:54 +020
  Message-Id: <693433683640656...@scdbackup.webframe.org>
)


Have a nice day :)

Thomas

Re: Ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc ???

[Thomas Schmitt]

Hi,

John Conover wrote:
> Odd, root can not access the /run/user/601/ directory, but the user
> can

This is said to be a fuse filesystem feature. See e.g.
  https://superuser.com/questions/169977/mount-point-permission-denied


> dr-x--  2 theuser users   0 Dec 31  1969 doc/
> Odd timestamp on /run/user/601/doc,

Probably (time_t) 0 = 1 Jan 1970 UTC. In your timezone -0700 it's
new year's eve 1969, 5 pm.
The --time-style option of ls should be able show the integer time value.
With:

  ls -l --time-style=+%s

i'd expect something like:
  dr-x--  2 theuser users   0 0 doc/


Have a nice day :)

Thomas

Re: Ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc ???

[John Conover]

John Conover writes:
> Thomas Schmitt writes:
> >
> > > > Are you already the user with id 601 ?
> > > > If not: Does it work better if you become that user ?
> >

On Debian 10 Buster, both fvwm and xfce.

Odd, root can not access the /run/user/601/ directory, but the user
can:

ls -al /run/user/601/ | egrep doc/
dr-x--  2 theuser users   0 Dec 31  1969 doc/


su
ls -al /run/user/601/ | egrep doc/
/bin/ls: cannot access '/run/user/601/doc': Permission denied
d?  ? ??   ?? doc/
exit


ls -al /run/user/601/ | egrep doc/
dr-x--  2 theuser users   0 Dec 31  1969 doc/

which accounts for the failure of updatedb(1), (running out of cron
with UID 0.) Might effect find(1), too.

Odd timestamp on /run/user/601/doc, with "Permission denied" to ls -al
/run/user/601 as root.

John

-- 

John Conover, cono...@rahul.net, http://www.johncon.com/

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Joe]

On Tue, 1 Jun 2021 19:19:23 +0200
Stella Ashburne  wrote:

> Hi
> 
> > Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2021 at 9:26 PM
> > From: "Joe" 
> > To: debian-user@lists.debian.org
> > Subject: Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of
> > software/security updates? 
> First of all, id you surf using the link to the screenshot? Here's
> the URL again: https://ibb.co/5xP7r5t
> 
> The screenshot shows that my OS surreptitiously downloads the
> software/security updates without my manual intervention. This is not
> what I want and is the subject of my original post.
> 

Can we establish right now that this is neither expected nor default
behaviour from Debian?

Something has been done to be 'helpful' by some entity, and I'd agree
the DE is likely to be to blame, if unattended-upgrades has been ruled
out. I still find it difficult to believe that someone would recreate
the functionality of u-u by other means, but there are a lot of strange
people in Linux... 

A default installation of Debian, without a heavyweight DE, will *not*
do this. Not one of the many Debian installations I have ever run has
ever resulted in this happening, but then I haven't installed either
Gnome or KDE since Gnome 3 arrived.

A possible line of approach: you have a list of the recent downloads.
It is possible that one of the history.log files under /var/log/apt may
be helpful in identifying the time and date of download. The file
/etc/crontab and the files under /etc/cron.d contain timed
instructions. It may be possible to identify the culprit from time and
date correlations.

I do use /etc/crontab myself to run simulated upgrades on my servers
without downloading anything, but sending an email to me if there are
any upgrades available. It will be obvious if you have any cron script
that is doing this kind of thing.

-- 
Joe

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Reco]

Hi.

On Tue, Jun 01, 2021 at 07:27:22PM +0200, Stella Ashburne wrote:
> > I'm curious what will be shown in this configuration by:
> >
> > apt-config dump | grep Periodic
> >
> One kind person has already asked me for the output of

My bad. I haven't followed this thread closely until now.

> apt-config dump | grep -i APT::Periodic
> 
> Below is the output of the above command:
> 
> APT::Periodic "";
> APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages "0";
> APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "0";

Ok, that complicates things slightly.
Is there anything that can be attributed to this behaviour at
/var/log/apt/history.log* ? Could be anything, you'll need to evaluate
Start-Date attribute.

Of course, it's unlikely there will be anything, so it's time for an
old magic trick - auditd.
Install auditd package.
Invoke:

auditctl -w /usr/bin/apt -p rx
auditctl -w /usr/bin/apt-get -p rx

Wait for the next occurence of the problem, to speed things up - invoke
"apt clean".
To know exact time someone invoked apt without your knowledge - invoke
"ausearch -f /usr/bin/apt -i".

Once you know an exact time the problem happens - it should be trivial
to search, say, journald entries for anything related.

In short, dear listers, auditd. Have it, use it. Thing solves issues,
and does it in non-intrusive way.


Oh, and another question. Do you happen to have packagekit to be
installed? This Fine Piece™ of RedHat middleware (have to keep the
archives list PG-13 compliant, you see ;) is known to perform
questionable tricks like this.

Reco

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Dan Ritter]

Stella Ashburne wrote: 
> As you can see from the screenshot, my OS has surreptitiously downloaded 
> software/security updates without my manual intervention. This behavior is 
> not what I like and it's the subject of my original post.
> 
> >
> > The devil is in the details, as they say.
> > "sudo apt upgrade" shows that it does not need to download anything,
> > because:
> >
> > > > username@localhost:~$ sudo apt upgrade
> > ...
> > > > Need to get 0 B/20.2 MB of archives.
> >
> Exactly. The notification about software updates being available was the 
> first thing that popped up on my OS (see screenshot: https://ibb.co/5xP7r5t). 
> This was confirmed by the message "Need to get 0 B/20.2 MB of archives".
> 
> > I'm curious what will be shown in this configuration by:
> >
> > apt-config dump | grep Periodic
> >
> One kind person has already asked me for the output of
> 
> apt-config dump | grep -i APT::Periodic
> 
> Below is the output of the above command:
> 
> APT::Periodic "";
> APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages "0";
> APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "0";

This really looks like something being done by your desktop
system rather than at the OS level.

Fire up dconf-editor, look at org.gnome.software, and see if
"download-updates" is checked. If so, uncheck it.

-dsr-

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Stella Ashburne]

Hi

> Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2021 at 9:39 PM
> From: "Reco" 
> To: debian-user@lists.debian.org
> Subject: Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of 
> software/security updates?
>
As you can see from the screenshot, my OS has surreptitiously downloaded 
software/security updates without my manual intervention. This behavior is not 
what I like and it's the subject of my original post.

>
> The devil is in the details, as they say.
> "sudo apt upgrade" shows that it does not need to download anything,
> because:
>
> > > username@localhost:~$ sudo apt upgrade
> ...
> > > Need to get 0 B/20.2 MB of archives.
>
Exactly. The notification about software updates being available was the first 
thing that popped up on my OS (see screenshot: https://ibb.co/5xP7r5t). This 
was confirmed by the message "Need to get 0 B/20.2 MB of archives".

> I'm curious what will be shown in this configuration by:
>
> apt-config dump | grep Periodic
>
One kind person has already asked me for the output of

apt-config dump | grep -i APT::Periodic

Below is the output of the above command:

APT::Periodic "";
APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages "0";
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "0";

Mesurar rendiment d'una aplicació

[Leopold Palomo-Avellaneda]

Bones,

he enviat aquest missatge a la llista de caliu però ha tingut poc
èxit... Us explico, probablement és un correu fora de tema, però
m'agradaria preguntar aquí perquè potser alguns de vosaltres em podrien
guiar.

Estic treballant amb alguns científics per avaluar alguns programes que
calculen una solució per a un problema. Bàsicament fan una instància de
ILOG CPLEX i obtenen el temps utilitzat per calcular la solució o fan
servir alguna heurística.

Utilitzem un servidor per fer els càlculs, i hem trobat (òbviament)
variacions significatives que depenen de la càrrega de la màquina. El
què voler obtenir és un tipus de mesura independent de la càrrega del
servidor.

Un enfocament ha estat utilitzar el temps de CPU. En el nostre cas, el
nombre total dels segons de CPU que el procés utilitza directament (en
mode d'usuari). No estem parlant del temps real transcorregut (wall
clock) que òbviament és directament està afectat per la càrrega de la
màquina.

No obstant això, hem realitzat diverses proves i hem descobert que té
una variació al voltant del 10% (depenent de la càrrega). També hem
avaluat el temps de CPU en mode kernel i també com hi ha un canvi de
context perquè l'aplicació no s'executa. Però, sincerament no hem
obtingut una idea clara del que està passant.

Una altra qüestió que hem trobat és com pot afectar el nombre de nuclis.
o CPUs físiques al servidor.

Algú de vosaltres ha trobat aquests problemes i els ha resolt?


Salutacions,

Leopold

-- 
--
Linux User 152692 GPG: 05F4A7A949A2D9AA
Catalonia
-
A: Because it messes up the order in which people normally read text.
Q: Why is top-posting such a bad thing?
A: Top-posting.
Q: What is the most annoying thing in e-mail?

Re: Ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc ???

[John Conover]

Thomas Schmitt writes:
> Hi,
> 
> i wrote:
> > > Are you already the user with id 601 ?
> > > If not: Does it work better if you become that user ?
> 
> John Conover wrote:
> > As the user, or as root.
> 
> Then it could be owned by another user id.
> (Hard to guess while stat(2) fails even for the boss.)
> 
> But you could at least verify that you suffer from the known problem
> with xdg-desktop-portal by stopping it by the systemctl command.
> Then look whether the .../doc directory vanished or changed its
> accessability.
>

Thanks, Thomas.

findmnt:

/run/user/601/doc /dev/fuse fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,relatim

ls -al /dev/fuse:

crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 10, 229 Jun  1 08:16 /dev/fuse

I have no idea what kind of mount(1) command was used to make
/run/user/601/doc. It does respond to umount(8), and ls -al
/run/user/601/doc:

drwx--  2 theuser users  40 Jun  1 10:01 doc/

Logging out, and in, ls -al /run/user/601/doc:

d?  ? ??   ?? doc/

So, its in the mount command at login, (or whatever was used for the
fuse system-it could be a different type of file system that find(1),
updatedb(1), etc., stumbles into,) at login.

John

-- 

John Conover, cono...@rahul.net, http://www.johncon.com/

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Stella Ashburne]

Hi

> Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2021 at 9:26 PM
> From: "Joe" 
> To: debian-user@lists.debian.org
> Subject: Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of 
> software/security updates?
>
First of all, id you surf using the link to the screenshot? Here's the URL 
again: https://ibb.co/5xP7r5t

The screenshot shows that my OS surreptitiously downloads the software/security 
updates without my manual intervention. This is not what I want and is the 
subject of my original post.

Re: Ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc ???

[Thomas Schmitt]

Hi,

i wrote:
> > Are you already the user with id 601 ?
> > If not: Does it work better if you become that user ?

John Conover wrote:
> As the user, or as root.

Then it could be owned by another user id.
(Hard to guess while stat(2) fails even for the boss.)

But you could at least verify that you suffer from the known problem
with xdg-desktop-portal by stopping it by the systemctl command.
Then look whether the .../doc directory vanished or changed its
accessability.


Have a nice day :)

Thomas

Re: Ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc ???

[John Conover]

Thomas Schmitt writes:
> Hi,
> 
> John Conover wrote:
> > Peculiar ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc:
> >d?  ? ??   ?? doc/
> 
> Are you already the user with id 601 ?
> If not: Does it work better if you become that user ?
>

As the user, or as root.

Thanks,

John

-- 

John Conover, cono...@rahul.net, http://www.johncon.com/

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Re: Ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc ???

[John Conover]

=?UTF-8?Q?Markus_Sch=c3=b6nhaber?= writes:
> 01.06.21, 17:28 +0200, John Conover:
> 
> > Peculiar ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc:
> > 
> > d?  ? ??   ?? doc/
> > 
> > and it can not be changed as root.
> > 
> > Logging out, then in, same thing.
> > 
> > Any help on fixing it would be greatly appreciated.
> 
> There's likely nothing to fix. This is how the mount point of some FUSE
> filesystems look when viewed from someone else as the owner.
> In your case, try to look at it as the user with id 601.
>

This issue was found this AM from updatedb(1), (cron job.) All my
machines have changed the same way after after yesterday's apt-get
update, (xdg maybe?)

On another machine, (they are all the same, as close as I can make
them,) after booting and logging in, ls -al /run/user/601, the doc/
directory:

dr-x--  2 theuser users   0 Dec 31  1969 doc/

Then running updatedb, and ls -al /run/user/601:

d?  ? ??   ?? doc/

findmntl(8):

/run/user/601/doc   /dev/fuse  fuserw,nosuid,nodev,relatim

-- 

John Conover, cono...@rahul.net, http://www.johncon.com/

Re: Ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc ???

[Thomas Schmitt]

Hi,

John Conover wrote:
> Peculiar ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc:
>d?  ? ??   ?? doc/

Are you already the user with id 601 ?
If not: Does it work better if you become that user ?

The web knows about problems of program df with /run/user/*/doc
  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xdg-desktop-portal/+bug/1905623

My understanding is that a flatpack component named xdg-document-portal
creates such /run/user/*/doc directories as fuse mountpoints, which only
the owner of the mounted filesystem can inspect.

  
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1227667/df-command-throws-error-on-run-user-1000-doc-folder
has the proposal to get rid of xdg-desktop-portal by executing:

  systemctl --user stop xdg-document-portal.service

---

Ubuntu's proposal for a solution for df is to add "devtmpfs", "fuse.portal",
and "squashfs" to a list of dummy filesystems in gnulib.
  
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xdg-desktop-portal/+bug/1905623/comments/14
where
  
https://launchpadlibrarian.net/510003931/coreutils_8.32-4ubuntu1_8.32-4ubuntu2.diff.gz
would hopefully apply to our
  
https://sources.debian.org/src/gnulib/20210102~ebaa53c-1/lib/mountlist.c/?hl=166#L166

This does not fix the acessability of the directory, but only hides it
from df's enumeration of mount points.
So i'd say that Ubuntu regards the problem as annoying but not as indication
of a serious filesystem problem.


Have a nice day :)

Thomas

Re: Ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc ???

[Markus Schönhaber]

01.06.21, 17:28 +0200, John Conover:

> Peculiar ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc:
> 
> d?  ? ??   ?? doc/
> 
> and it can not be changed as root.
> 
> Logging out, then in, same thing.
> 
> Any help on fixing it would be greatly appreciated.

There's likely nothing to fix. This is how the mount point of some FUSE
filesystems look when viewed from someone else as the owner.
In your case, try to look at it as the user with id 601.

BTW: findmnt will show what is mounted where.

-- 
Regards
  mks

Ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc ???

[John Conover]

Peculiar ownership and permissions on /run/user/601/doc:

d?  ? ??   ?? doc/

and it can not be changed as root.

Logging out, then in, same thing.

Any help on fixing it would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks,

John

-- 

John Conover, cono...@rahul.net, http://www.johncon.com/

Re: Coerce "MATE terminal" to display black on white text?

[Reco]

Hi.

On Tue, Jun 01, 2021 at 10:21:42AM -0400, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> (I am not aware of any method of overriding TERM on a per-host basis
> in .ssh/config but if such a method *does* exist, it would be far better
> than this shell function hack.)

There's a hack, but it's not pretty, and it has its share of limitations:

Host server
  Hostname server
  RemoteCommand TERM=xterm $SHELL
  RequestTTY yes

A proper solution - [1] is kind-of sort-of made its way to the upstream,
but it's not included in Debian yet.

[1] https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/pull/224

Reco

Re: Coerce "MATE terminal" to display black on white text?

[Greg Wooledge]

On Tue, Jun 01, 2021 at 05:04:38PM +0300, Reco wrote:
> On Mon, May 31, 2021 at 09:49:36PM -0400, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > On Mon, May 31, 2021 at 07:30:42PM -0400, songbird wrote:
> > > Richard Owlett wrote:
> > > > The MATE terminal "Help"(sic) claims VT102 emulation but does not say 
> > > > how to obtain it.
> > > 
> > >   i'd put in my .bashrc the line:
> > > 
> > >   TERM="vt102" && export TERM
> > 
> > That's unwise.  It'll screw you up *hard* any time you're not using
> > the terminal you normally use -- e.g. on ssh logins, or if you want to
> > test another terminal, or if you use tmux or screen, etc.
> 
> In my experience, one will be screwed much more by using TERM=screen or
> TERM=tmux in conjunction with ssh.
> Simply because the ssh target does not necessary have an appropriate
> termcap for screen or tmux (say, Solaris 10 which I have to deal on a
> weekly basis, and yes, I know I can copy termcap entries there).
> And if you think that Linux is somehow better here - try
> TERM=screen-256color in conjunction with RHEL5 :)
> 
> On the other hand, vt102 and xterm - even HP-UX knows about them.

You can install new terminfo entries on your RHEL and HP-UX hosts, for
terminals which you will be using frequently.

On the client (or any system with a matching terminfo entry), use
"infocmp terminalname" to generate the "source code" for a terminfo entry.
Save that to a file on the target, and run "tic filename" to compile it.
If you do this as root, it becomes available system-wide.  If you do it
as yourself, it goes into your HOME directory, and only works for you.

This is probably a better long-term solution to your issues than
intentionally crippling (or full-out breaking) all of your local terminals.

If you don't like that workaround, you can always run "TERM=vt102" or
whatever *on the remote system* after ssh-ing in.  There's no reason to
do it on the client, let alone permanently in .bashrc for every terminal
you open on the client.

If you don't like *that*, you could arrange for your ssh commands to
carry the bogus TERM value, using a shell function or alias.  For example,
in bash:

ssh() {
case "${!#}" in
mercury | *@mercury) TERM=vt102 command ssh "$@";;
venus | *@venus) TERM=vt220 command ssh "$@";;
*)   command ssh "$@";;
esac
}

This relies on the remote target's hostname being the last argument of
your ssh command, with or without a leading username@ prefix.  Adjust
as needed.

(I am not aware of any method of overriding TERM on a per-host basis
in .ssh/config but if such a method *does* exist, it would be far better
than this shell function hack.)

Re: Coerce "MATE terminal" to display black on white text?

[Reco]

Hi.

On Mon, May 31, 2021 at 09:49:36PM -0400, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> On Mon, May 31, 2021 at 07:30:42PM -0400, songbird wrote:
> > Richard Owlett wrote:
> > > The MATE terminal "Help"(sic) claims VT102 emulation but does not say 
> > > how to obtain it.
> > 
> >   i'd put in my .bashrc the line:
> > 
> >   TERM="vt102" && export TERM
> 
> That's unwise.  It'll screw you up *hard* any time you're not using
> the terminal you normally use -- e.g. on ssh logins, or if you want to
> test another terminal, or if you use tmux or screen, etc.

In my experience, one will be screwed much more by using TERM=screen or
TERM=tmux in conjunction with ssh.
Simply because the ssh target does not necessary have an appropriate
termcap for screen or tmux (say, Solaris 10 which I have to deal on a
weekly basis, and yes, I know I can copy termcap entries there).
And if you think that Linux is somehow better here - try
TERM=screen-256color in conjunction with RHEL5 :)

On the other hand, vt102 and xterm - even HP-UX knows about them.

Reco

Re: how to let smartmontool / smartd ignore specific hard disk?

[Robbi Nespu]

Now it working

On 5/31/21 1:26 PM, Reco wrote:

I.e you should probably specify DEVICESCAN and -d in other order, i.e

Thanks you
--
Email : Robbi Nespu 
PGP fingerprint : D311 B5FF EEE6 0BE8 9C91 FA9E 0C81 FA30 3B3A 80BA
PGP key : https://keybase.io/robbinespu/pgp_keys.asc

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Reco]

Hi.

On Tue, Jun 01, 2021 at 02:26:50PM +0100, Joe wrote:
> > Automatic downloads of software/security downloads took place today,
> > June 1, 2021.
> > 
> > Please click the link to the screenshot: https://ibb.co/5xP7r5t
> > 
> > Please see below for the details:
> > 
> > username@localhost:~$ sudo apt update
> > [sudo] password for username:
> > Hit:1 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates
> > InRelease Hit:2 http://security.debian.org buster/updates InRelease
> > Hit:3 https://deb.debian.org/debian buster InRelease
> > Hit:4 https://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease
> > Hit:5 https://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports InRelease
> > Reading package lists... Done
> > Building dependency tree
> > Reading state information... Done
> > 4 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
> > 
> > username@localhost:~$ sudo apt list --upgradable
> > Listing... Done
> > gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0/stable,stable 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64
> > [upgradable from: 2.30.6-1~deb10u1] gir1.2-webkit2-4.0/stable,stable
> > 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.30.6-1~deb10u1]
> > libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18/stable,stable 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64
> > [upgradable from: 2.30.6-1~deb10u1]
> > libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37/stable,stable 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64 [upgradable
> > from: 2.30.6-1~deb10u1] username@localhost:~$
> > 
> > username@localhost:~$ sudo apt upgrade
> > Reading package lists... Done
> > Building dependency tree
> > Reading state information... Done
> > Calculating upgrade... Done
> > The following NEW packages will be installed:
> >   xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
> > The following packages will be upgraded:
> >   gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0
> > libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
> > 4 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
> > Need to get 0 B/20.2 MB of archives.
> > After this operation, 5,118 kB of additional disk space will be used.
> > Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
> > 
> > If you guys notice, 20.2MB of updates have been automatically
> > downloaded in the background (without my manual intervention).
> > 
> 
> So who typed the 'sudo apt update' and 'sudo apt upgrade'?

The devil is in the details, as they say.
"sudo apt upgrade" shows that it does not need to download anything,
because:

> > username@localhost:~$ sudo apt upgrade
...
> > Need to get 0 B/20.2 MB of archives.


I'm curious what will be shown in this configuration by:

apt-config dump | grep Periodic

Reco

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Joe]

On Tue, 1 Jun 2021 13:15:30 +0200
Stella Ashburne  wrote:

> Hi
> 
> > Sent: Friday, May 28, 2021 at 8:05 PM
> > From: l0f...@tuta.io
> > To: "Debian User" 
> > Subject: Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of
> > software/security updates?
> >
> > 28 mai 2021, 13:43 de l0f...@tuta.io:
> >  
> > > I think you won't update/upgrade automatically anymore (by the
> > > way you say you haven't noticed this behavior so far), but time
> > > will confirm.  
> 
> Time has indeed confirmed my worst fears. Today June 1, 2021 in
> fact...
> 
> > Correction: I meant if you still have updates/upgrades, then it
> > shouldn't be because of package unattended-upgrades. So you would
> > have to dig somewhere else... 
> 
> Automatic downloads of software/security downloads took place today,
> June 1, 2021.
> 
> Please click the link to the screenshot: https://ibb.co/5xP7r5t
> 
> Please see below for the details:
> 
> username@localhost:~$ sudo apt update
> [sudo] password for username:
> Hit:1 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates
> InRelease Hit:2 http://security.debian.org buster/updates InRelease
> Hit:3 https://deb.debian.org/debian buster InRelease
> Hit:4 https://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease
> Hit:5 https://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports InRelease
> Reading package lists... Done
> Building dependency tree
> Reading state information... Done
> 4 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
> 
> username@localhost:~$ sudo apt list --upgradable
> Listing... Done
> gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0/stable,stable 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64
> [upgradable from: 2.30.6-1~deb10u1] gir1.2-webkit2-4.0/stable,stable
> 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64 [upgradable from: 2.30.6-1~deb10u1]
> libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18/stable,stable 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64
> [upgradable from: 2.30.6-1~deb10u1]
> libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37/stable,stable 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64 [upgradable
> from: 2.30.6-1~deb10u1] username@localhost:~$
> 
> username@localhost:~$ sudo apt upgrade
> Reading package lists... Done
> Building dependency tree
> Reading state information... Done
> Calculating upgrade... Done
> The following NEW packages will be installed:
>   xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
> The following packages will be upgraded:
>   gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0
> libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
> 4 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
> Need to get 0 B/20.2 MB of archives.
> After this operation, 5,118 kB of additional disk space will be used.
> Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
> 
> If you guys notice, 20.2MB of updates have been automatically
> downloaded in the background (without my manual intervention).
> 


So who typed the 'sudo apt update' and 'sudo apt upgrade'?

Those are one pair of commands (there are others) to *manually* first
download the list of upgradeable packages and then to download and
install the packages themselves. 

If it was you who typed them, what did you expect them to do? If it
wasn't you who typed them, find out who/what did so.

--
Joe

Re: Coerce "MATE terminal" to display black on white text?

[Richard Owlett]

On 05/31/2021 08:49 PM, Greg Wooledge wrote:

On Mon, May 31, 2021 at 07:30:42PM -0400, songbird wrote:

Richard Owlett wrote:

The MATE terminal "Help"(sic) claims VT102 emulation but does not say
how to obtain it.


   i'd put in my .bashrc the line:

   TERM="vt102" && export TERM


That's unwise.  It'll screw you up *hard* any time you're not using
the terminal you normally use -- e.g. on ssh logins, or if you want to
test another terminal, or if you use tmux or screen, etc.


The MATE terminal allows you chose from multiple "profiles".
One parameter is which emulator is used - though labeled "palette" ;/




IIRC the VT100 series were *physically* a B display.


   no, phosphors were white, green and amber.


He probably meant monochrome.


When I was a T.V. service tech back in '62, *EVERYBODY* referred to 
"black and white televisions".

Re: PGP: difference between Kleopatra and Kgpg, both from KDE

[deloptes]

Marco Möller wrote:

> So, unfortunately I am still in need to find more information about the
> two different (or in the end not different?) GUI tools concerning their
> PGP functionality.
> 

Focus on kgpg for now and start with PGP and OpenGPG (gnupg)
https://www.openpgp.org/

There are also many other sites that explain use of PGP.

Kleopatra can be seen as KDE specific tool for managing certificates and
keys (GPGsM) but in different context. My advise: Forget it for now!

> Many thanks for all the other explanations which you also gave in your
> answer, they have been helpful!
> Marco.

welcome

Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of software/security updates?

[Stella Ashburne]

Hi

> Sent: Friday, May 28, 2021 at 8:05 PM
> From: l0f...@tuta.io
> To: "Debian User" 
> Subject: Re: How do I permanently disable unattended downloads of 
> software/security updates?
>
> 28 mai 2021, 13:43 de l0f...@tuta.io:
>
> > I think you won't update/upgrade automatically anymore (by the way you say 
> > you haven't noticed this behavior so far), but time will confirm.

Time has indeed confirmed my worst fears. Today June 1, 2021 in fact...

> Correction: I meant if you still have updates/upgrades, then it shouldn't be 
> because of package unattended-upgrades. So you would have to dig somewhere 
> else...
>

Automatic downloads of software/security downloads took place today, June 1, 
2021.

Please click the link to the screenshot: https://ibb.co/5xP7r5t

Please see below for the details:

username@localhost:~$ sudo apt update
[sudo] password for username:
Hit:1 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease
Hit:2 http://security.debian.org buster/updates InRelease
Hit:3 https://deb.debian.org/debian buster InRelease
Hit:4 https://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease
Hit:5 https://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
4 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

username@localhost:~$ sudo apt list --upgradable
Listing... Done
gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0/stable,stable 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64 [upgradable 
from: 2.30.6-1~deb10u1]
gir1.2-webkit2-4.0/stable,stable 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64 [upgradable from: 
2.30.6-1~deb10u1]
libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18/stable,stable 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64 [upgradable 
from: 2.30.6-1~deb10u1]
libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37/stable,stable 2.32.1-1~deb10u1 amd64 [upgradable from: 
2.30.6-1~deb10u1]
username@localhost:~$

username@localhost:~$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
The following packages will be upgraded:
  gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.0 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18
  libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37
4 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/20.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 5,118 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

If you guys notice, 20.2MB of updates have been automatically downloaded in the 
background (without my manual intervention).

I appreciate your help in this matter.

Best wishes.

Re: which command can show if usb 3.0 is used

[Thomas Amm]

On Mon, 2021-05-31 at 00:22 +, Long Wind wrote:
> i have new usb 3 disk
> i want to find out if usb 3 is used when it's connected to stretch

dmesg should tell you when it is discovered and which device class,
module and speed are used.

-- 
Jun 01  The Beatles release "Sgt. Pepper", 1967
Jun 01  Mikhail Glinka is born, 1804
Jun 02  Edward William Elgar is born in Lower Broadheath, England,
1857
Jun 02  First issue of Computerworld, 1967

Re: which command can show if usb 3.0 is used

[Polyna-Maude Racicot-Summerside]

On 2021-06-01 4:54 a.m., Andrei POPESCU wrote:
> On Lu, 31 mai 21, 13:41:43, Polyna-Maude Racicot-Summerside wrote:
>>
>> On 2021-05-31 5:14 a.m., to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
>>> On Mon, May 31, 2021 at 04:47:13AM -0400, Polyna-Maude Racicot-Summerside 
>>> wrote:

 What is foolish is not to even check in the specifications of one's
 computer if it does support USB 3.0 at the hardware level.
>>>
>>> Now be easy on others, will you?
>>>
>>> Sometimes I send out a help request to immediately slap my forehead:
>>> the answer was written on the package ;-)
>>>
>> Well maybe you forgot a basic rule of life, not only computing.
>> You are responsible for your own success. Before asking for help, do
>> something to find a solution yourself.
>>
>> Oh, no, too complicated to look on packages.debian.org so I'll ask on
>> the mailing list what's the latest version of package xyz and if it's
>> available in backports.
>>
>> Oh, no, too complicated to do a man dd to know what are the command line
>> options. I'll just ask on the mailing list...
>>
>> If you don't bother making little effort then people won't make them
>> either. So when you ask question, it will just be "Oh this guy always
>> ask dumb question, now he asked a good question but if he ask so simple
>> question most of the time, this mean I'll have to explain everything to
>> him. If a he doesn't know what this word mean then I'll need to explain
>> it too, because he won't even take the time to check what it means. He's
>> just gonna ask me back what's a "canarie" or what's the "stack" when we
>> are talking about buffer overflow.
>>
>> Do I really want to get into all this ? No...
>> So I won't answer and you loose your chance to get real help when it's
>> for something that you won't find easily the answer...
> 
> While I mostly agree with your point, I believe it can be done better, 
> nicer, and ultimately more helpful.
> 
> Since you've been pointing people to ESR's writings, allow me to suggest 
> you (re)read the section entitled "How to Answer Questions in a Helpful 

> Way", from his famous "How To Ask Questions The Smart Way" essay[1].
> 
> http://www.catb.org/esr/faqs/smart-questions.html#idm667
> 
> [1] which I believe is at least slightly outdated in regards to 
> communication style in general.
> 
> Kind regards,
> Andrei
> 

I've said what I think is the closest to the truth.
Now if someone don't like the hint I gave him, he can simply ignore what
I write, the same way I'll ignore most questions that seem much like RTFM.

It seems to be this type of thinking that sound like "Why read a book
when I can ask question". Exactly Why be smart and understand how
things work (so I don't have to ask questions) when I can simply learn
how to repeat like a parrot.

-- 
Polyna-Maude R.-Summerside
-Be smart, Be wise, Support opensource development



OpenPGP_signature
Description: OpenPGP digital signature

e1000e problemen na upgrade

[Paul van der Vlis]

Hallo,

Na upgrade naar Debian11 zie ik problemen met een netwerkkaart. Deze 
valt regelmatig uit, en komt dan na een paar seconden weer op:


Jun  1 11:51:22 server kernel: [ 1970.964378] e1000e :00:19.0 eth0: 
NIC Link is Down
Jun  1 11:51:26 server kernel: [ 1974.633059] e1000e :00:19.0 eth0: 
NIC Link is Up 100 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx



Ik heb twee NIC's:

root@server:~# lspci | grep Ethernet
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82579LM Gigabit Network 
Connection (Lewisville) (rev 05)
05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82574L Gigabit Network 
Connection

root@server:~#

Het probleem treed alleen op bij de eerste.

Nu heb ik gezien dat er hier meer problemen mee zijn:
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/33529/network-and-i-o/ethernet-products.html
De oplossing werkt echter niet bij mij.
---
root@server:~# cat /etc/modprobe.d/intel-e1000e-paul.conf
options e1000e IntMode=1,1
root@server:~# modinfo e1000e | grep IntMode
parm:   IntMode:Interrupt Mode (array of int)
root@server:~#
---

Ik zie hier niks over 1,1:
https://gist.github.com/pklaus/319367

Ik zie dat er meer problemen mee zijn:
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=205047


Weet iemand meer?

Groet,
Paul



--
Paul van der Vlis Linux systeembeheer Groningen
https://www.vandervlis.nl/

Re: comment indexer un lot de photographies

[Haricophile]

Le Sat, 29 May 2021 10:02:18 +0200 (CEST),
l0f...@tuta.io a écrit :

> 28 mai 2021, 12:00 de jer...@haricophile.org:
> 
>  [...]  
> Petit aparté : sauf si je me base sur de vieilles infos, xnview n'est
> même pas opensource ;)
> 
> https://newsgroup.xnview.com/viewtopic.php?t=5856
> https://newsgroup.xnview.com/viewtopic.php?t=5932
> 
> Bon week-end !
> l0f4r0
> 

Effectivement, j'avais cru qu'avec Xnview MP il avait lâché du lest,
mais de toute évidence il ne veut pas pour de mauvaises raisons.

En tout cas, pour les questions de metadonnées, Digikam supporte les
différents formats standards et est très compatibles avec les
différents logiciels majeurs du marché, ce qui est pour moi un critère
important pour la communication avec des tiers et rendre homogène une
collection indépendamment de son utilisation ultérieure (possibilité de
migration, utilisation de exiv2 ou exif-tools pour les scripts et
intégration à une base de donnée etc.)

Et de très longue expérience, les métadonnées intégrées aux photos, ça
reste le meilleur moyen de conservation des informations dans le temps
et dans l'espace.

Re: PGP: difference between Kleopatra and Kgpg, both from KDE

[Marco Möller]

On 31.05.21 22:57, deloptes wrote:


  apt-cache show kleopatra
  apt-cache show kgpg



I think the above parts of the package description explains quite well the
use cases.

With kleopatra you manage certificates in KDE (such like SSL)
With Kgpg you manage GPG keys and you can encrypt/decrypt GUI style text



Well, these descriptions partly cause my question. Following the package 
descriptions, Kgpg appears as the GUI frontend to GnuPG and in addition 
having a feature to input text into a field and to encrypt it right 
there instead of having to receive the input from a file, while 
Kleopatra appears to be kind of a GUI database manager for managing PGP 
keys and also X.509 certificates.


But installing them both and comparing there PGP related offers without 
understanding too much about the topic, Kleopatra seems, like Kgpg, the 
same being a GUI frontend to GnuPG, also including the feature for 
generating key pairs, and like Kgpg also having in addition a feature to 
input text into a field and to encrypt it right there instead of having 
to receive the input from a file.


To this extend it could simply be, that Kleopatra includes all Kgpg 
functionality and then as an extra adds management of also X.509 
functionality to it.
But if I compare the PGP settings which are offered in the GUI for 
creating a PGP key, then in detail this looks different in Kgpg and 
Kleopatra. Kleopatra seems to offer more options and is using more 
technical names for them, while Kgpg seems to offer a smaller amount of 
options and describes them more verbosely instead of using so much 
technical abbreviations. As a beginner it is very difficult to foresee 
if they are finally the same, with Kleopatra simply enhancing the amount 
of offered features in comparison to smaller Kgpg, Kgpg being kind of 
the tool for beginners and Kleopatra being the tool for experts, or if 
Kgpg is actually targeting work cases by its options in its GUI which 
are not addressed by Kleopatra like this.
It could even be that under the hood one is known to work more reliable 
or working closer to the openPGP standard or being more compatible to 
interface with other PGP tools or Apps wanting to use PGP.
I am here specially watching out for the PGP functionality and not 
considering that Kleopatra as an extra also offers X.509 functionality.


So, unfortunately I am still in need to find more information about the 
two different (or in the end not different?) GUI tools concerning their 
PGP functionality.


Many thanks for all the other explanations which you also gave in your 
answer, they have been helpful!

Marco.

Re: / plena

[Joan]

Jo no tinc massa idea de bash, però aquesta comanda me l'he guardada
perquè em sembla molt xula: com condensar en una línia diverses
opcions...

El Tue, 11 May 2021 16:51:28 +0200
Eloi  va escriure:

> El 11/5/21 a les 16:21, Narcis Garcia ha escrit:
> > Si l'eina de còpies de seguretat l'has fet tu mateix, al disc de
> > còpies hi pots posar un fitxer de reconeixement. Per exemple
> > «.cseguretat» D'aquesta manera, abans d'executar la còpia el teu
> > programet pot mirar si hi ha el fitxer, de la qual cosa deduir si
> > el dispositiu està muntat o no:
> >
> > if [ ! -f /mnt/copies.seguretat_2/.cseguretat ] ; then
> > echo "No s'ha trobat el disc de còpies!"
> > exit 1
> > fi
> >
> > Si no és així, caldria saber quin programari utilitzes per a fer
> > còpies.  
> 
> No cal crear cap fitxer testimoni, es pot emprar l'eina findmnt, per 
> exemple així:
> 
> findmnt --mountpoint /mnt/copies.seguretat_2 >/dev/null || mount 
> /mnt/copies.seguretat_2 && comanda_backup
> 
> Per parts:
> 
> findmnt amb --mountpoint determina si el directori és un punt de 
> muntatge actiu. Si ho és, torna dades del mateix (per això
> redirecciono a /dev/null) i retorna 0; en cas contrari, retorna 1.
> 
> || mount /mnt/copies.seguretat_2 intenta muntar el dispositiu si i
> només si la comanda anterior ha fallat, és a dir, si el dispositiu no
> està muntat. Que funcioni dependrà de si l'usuari que executa la
> comanda pot muntar el dispositiu i de si aquest es troba disponible,
> sempre que estigui prèviament configurat a /etc/fstab
> 
> && comanda_backup s'executarà si alguna de les dues comandes
> anteriors ha tingut èxit, aquí hauràs de posar el que sigui que facis
> servir per llençar la còpia de seguretat.
> 
> Recapitulant possibles escenaris:
> 
> 1. El disc està muntat: findmnt torna 0 (èxit), mount no s'executa
> per || i el backup s'executa per &&
> 2. El disc està present però sense muntar: findmnt torna 1 (error), 
> mount s'executa per || i un cop muntat amb èxit (0) el disc finalment 
> s'executa el backup per &&
> 3. El disc no està present (o no es disposa de permisos per
> muntar-lo): findmnt torna 1 (error), mount s'executa per || però
> també falla i el backup no s'executa
> 
> Si vols afegir una acció alternativa per si la còpia no s'engega (o
> si el propi procés de còpia falla) sempre pots afegir al final una 
> nova 
> ordre precedida per ||, per exemple (resumint crides sense
> paràmetres):
> 
> findmnt || mount && backup || error
> 
> on findmnt i mount són tal com he descrit abans, 'backup' és el 
> teu 
> programa de còpia de seguretat i 'error' l'acció que vulguis executar
> si falla la còpia.
> 
> L'avantatge de fer-ho en format de comanda monolínia és que pots 
> posar-la directament al crontab sense necessitar cap script
> intermediari.
> 
> 



-- 
Joan Cervan i Andreu
http://personal.calbasi.net

"El meu paper no és transformar el món ni l'home sinó, potser, el de
ser útil, des del meu lloc, als pocs valors sense els quals un món no
val la pena viure'l" A. Camus

i pels que teniu fe:
"Déu no és la Veritat, la Veritat és Déu"
Gandhi

Re: which command can show if usb 3.0 is used

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Lu, 31 mai 21, 13:41:43, Polyna-Maude Racicot-Summerside wrote:
> 
> On 2021-05-31 5:14 a.m., to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> > On Mon, May 31, 2021 at 04:47:13AM -0400, Polyna-Maude Racicot-Summerside 
> > wrote:
> >>
> >> What is foolish is not to even check in the specifications of one's
> >> computer if it does support USB 3.0 at the hardware level.
> > 
> > Now be easy on others, will you?
> > 
> > Sometimes I send out a help request to immediately slap my forehead:
> > the answer was written on the package ;-)
> > 
> Well maybe you forgot a basic rule of life, not only computing.
> You are responsible for your own success. Before asking for help, do
> something to find a solution yourself.
> 
> Oh, no, too complicated to look on packages.debian.org so I'll ask on
> the mailing list what's the latest version of package xyz and if it's
> available in backports.
> 
> Oh, no, too complicated to do a man dd to know what are the command line
> options. I'll just ask on the mailing list...
> 
> If you don't bother making little effort then people won't make them
> either. So when you ask question, it will just be "Oh this guy always
> ask dumb question, now he asked a good question but if he ask so simple
> question most of the time, this mean I'll have to explain everything to
> him. If a he doesn't know what this word mean then I'll need to explain
> it too, because he won't even take the time to check what it means. He's
> just gonna ask me back what's a "canarie" or what's the "stack" when we
> are talking about buffer overflow.
> 
> Do I really want to get into all this ? No...
> So I won't answer and you loose your chance to get real help when it's
> for something that you won't find easily the answer...

While I mostly agree with your point, I believe it can be done better, 
nicer, and ultimately more helpful.

Since you've been pointing people to ESR's writings, allow me to suggest 
you (re)read the section entitled "How to Answer Questions in a Helpful 
Way", from his famous "How To Ask Questions The Smart Way" essay[1].

http://www.catb.org/esr/faqs/smart-questions.html#idm667

[1] which I believe is at least slightly outdated in regards to 
communication style in general.

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: PGP: difference between Kleopatra and Kgpg, both from KDE

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Lu, 31 mai 21, 22:57:26, deloptes wrote:
> 
> gnupg is the mother of all open source pgp stuff. In fact you must know that
> PGP is the commercial implementation of a standard for symetric encryption
> (I hope I am not wrong in my wording while citing from memory)

PGP supports asymmetric encryption as well (also known as public-key 
cryptography), otherwise it wouldn't be very usable for e-mail ;)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography

> Gnupg is the opensource equivalent of PGP and it is great :) command line
> utility and set of libraries that makes it possible to use encryption on
> numerous of devices. The application is called gpg.
> Kgpg is a front end to gnupg. Go to the home page of gpg and read, get
> familiar to it. It definitely needs understanding before using.

I'll have to disagree with the "great" here. In my (not so humble) 
opinion GnuPG's (the software) difficulty to use is one the reasons we 
still don't have encrypted, or at least signed email for everybody[1].

Getting public-key cryptography right is already difficult enough[2], it 
would be great if the tools wouldn't add another layer of difficulty on 
top.

[1] signing all email by default could potentially make spam and 
phishing mostly go away
[2] https://wiki.debian.org/GnuPG/AirgappedMasterKey

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: thunderbird

[Weaver]

On 01-06-2021 18:10, Andrei POPESCU wrote:
> On Lu, 31 mai 21, 08:48:48, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
>> On Sun, May 30, 2021 at 08:55:32PM +, ghe2001 wrote:
>> > -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
>> > Hash: SHA256
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > ‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐
>> > On Sunday, May 30, 2021 2:24 PM, Bret Busby  wrote:
>> >
>> > >... (snip)
>> >
>> > Look into ProtonMail.  Web based,
>>  ^
>> This would disqualify it for me, 100%. AFAIK, the OP was
>> asking for a MUA anyway, not for a web service.
> 
> Yes, it's off-topic for this thread, but...
>  
>> > ... slow sometimes (they're in Switzerland), but PGP encryption if 
>> > possible,
>>
>>
>> How does "web based" and PGP go together, anyway? Web based
>> means mail handling (and thus encryption/signing) is done
>> on other people's computers.
>>
>> This means your private keys are on other people's computers.
> 
> Yes.
> 
>> > ...and free.  Works, too.
>>
>> As in free beer or as in free speech?
> 
> The service is free as in beer for the basic limited account.

If we're looking at this sort of thing, you might like to take a look at
tutanota, also.

https://tutanota.com/

Cheers!

Harry.
> 
> They are publishing most (all?) their software under free licenses, 
> including the JavaScript handling the encryption part in the web 
> interface.
> 
>> No. Just... no.
> 
> Their target audience is different.
> 
> As far as I can tell it's the most usable out-of-the box encrypted email 
> (including at rest) I know of, if one is willing to trust them not to 
> brute-force your GPG key passphrase.
> 
> Mails between ProtonMail subscribers are encrypted by default, from 
> browser to browser (or the IMAP gateway for paid subscriptions).
> 
> For non-subscribers there is the option to encrypt messages with a 
> password. Instead of the full message the other party receives a link to 
> a webinterface they can use to read and reply to the message.
> 
> Additionally, there are no ads, unless you count the occasional (once 
> per month?) message with latest updates (including new functionality, 
> like the calendar) and the "Upgrade to a paid account" buttons in the 
> webinterface.
> 
> For me it is definitely an upgrade to Gmail for stuff I want to keep 
> away from Google and it gives me the option to communicate reasonably 
> secure with non-technical users.
> 
> Kind regards,
> Andrei

-- 
‘The issues are too important to be left for the voters’. 
― Henry Kissinger

Re: thunderbird

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Lu, 31 mai 21, 08:48:48, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> On Sun, May 30, 2021 at 08:55:32PM +, ghe2001 wrote:
> > -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
> > Hash: SHA256
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > ‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐
> > On Sunday, May 30, 2021 2:24 PM, Bret Busby  wrote:
> > 
> > >... (snip)
> > 
> > Look into ProtonMail.  Web based,
>  ^
> This would disqualify it for me, 100%. AFAIK, the OP was
> asking for a MUA anyway, not for a web service.

Yes, it's off-topic for this thread, but...
 
> > ... slow sometimes (they're in Switzerland), but PGP encryption if possible,
> 
> 
> How does "web based" and PGP go together, anyway? Web based
> means mail handling (and thus encryption/signing) is done
> on other people's computers.
> 
> This means your private keys are on other people's computers.

Yes.

> > ...and free.  Works, too.
> 
> As in free beer or as in free speech?

The service is free as in beer for the basic limited account.

They are publishing most (all?) their software under free licenses, 
including the JavaScript handling the encryption part in the web 
interface.

> No. Just... no.

Their target audience is different.

As far as I can tell it's the most usable out-of-the box encrypted email 
(including at rest) I know of, if one is willing to trust them not to 
brute-force your GPG key passphrase.

Mails between ProtonMail subscribers are encrypted by default, from 
browser to browser (or the IMAP gateway for paid subscriptions).

For non-subscribers there is the option to encrypt messages with a 
password. Instead of the full message the other party receives a link to 
a webinterface they can use to read and reply to the message.

Additionally, there are no ads, unless you count the occasional (once 
per month?) message with latest updates (including new functionality, 
like the calendar) and the "Upgrade to a paid account" buttons in the 
webinterface.

For me it is definitely an upgrade to Gmail for stuff I want to keep 
away from Google and it gives me the option to communicate reasonably 
secure with non-technical users.

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Re: thunderbird

[Andrei POPESCU]

On Lu, 31 mai 21, 17:52:00, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> On Mon, May 31, 2021 at 05:38:48PM +0200, Marco Möller wrote:
> 
> > Concerning the server, You could also run your own matrix server, if
> > you cannot find a provider which you trust, it is all open source.
> > 
> > Good Luck, and sorry for having driving off topic. Marco.
> 
> Not my culture. By a long shot. Sorry to disappoint you.

Think of Matrix as a potential succesor to IRC, not email.

Kind regards,
Andrei
-- 
http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser


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Nettoyage du spam : mai 2021

[Jean-Pierre Giraud]

Bonjour,
Comme nous sommes en mai, il est désormais possible de
traiter les archives du mois de mai 2021 des listes francophones.

N'oubliez bien sûr pas d'ajouter votre nom à la liste des relecteurs
pour que nous sachions où nous en sommes.

Détails du processus de nettoyage du spam sur :

https://wiki.debian.org/I18n/FrenchSpamClean