Re: Script BASH gestion des espaces des noms de fichier

[Jérémy Prego]

bonjour,

Le 02/02/2024 à 08:41, Informatique BILLARD a écrit :


Bonjour

j'ai écrit un petit script qui lance à la fin cette commande :

pdftk $fichier1 stamp $tampon output $fichier2



Pour éviter ce problème, on peut mettre les variables entre "

du coup, ça donnerai:

pdftk "$fichier1" stamp "$tampon" output "$fichier2"

avec $fichier1 et $tampon, $fichier2  sont construit à partir des 
paramètres fournis au script .


Mais je rencontre un problème quand il y a un espace dans le nom de 
fichier ou le répertoire pour pdftk ces espaces engendrent une erreur.


J'ai pourtant placé l’antislash avant mes espace dans l'affectation 
des variables.


tampon=/user/Document/cachet*\ *pdf

Merci par avance

François-Marie



Jerem

Re: Script BASH gestion des espaces des noms de fichier

[Basile Starynkevitch]

On 2/2/24 08:41, Informatique BILLARD wrote:


Bonjour

j'ai écrit un petit script qui lance à la fin cette commande :

pdftk $fichier1 stamp $tampon output $fichier2

avec $fichier1 et $tampon, $fichier2  sont construit à partir des 
paramètres fournis au script .


Mais je rencontre un problème quand il y a un espace dans le nom de 
fichier ou le répertoire pour pdftk ces espaces engendrent une erreur.


J'ai pourtant placé l’antislash avant mes espace dans l'affectation 
des variables.


tampon=/user/Document/cachet*\ *pdf

Une solution simple c'est de s'interdire les espaces dans les noms de 
fichiers. Pourquoi ne pas coder par exemple


tampon=/user/Document/cachet.pdf

et ensuite lancer votre script avec /bin/bash -vx lescriptbash


Merci par avance

François-Marie


--
Basile Starynkevitch 
(only mine opinions / les opinions sont miennes uniquement)
92340 Bourg-la-Reine, France
web page: starynkevitch.net/Basile/
See/voir:   https://github.com/RefPerSys/RefPerSys

Script BASH gestion des espaces des noms de fichier

[Informatique BILLARD]

Bonjour

j'ai écrit un petit script qui lance à la fin cette commande :

pdftk $fichier1 stamp $tampon output $fichier2

avec $fichier1 et $tampon, $fichier2  sont construit à partir des 
paramètres fournis au script .


Mais je rencontre un problème quand il y a un espace dans le nom de 
fichier ou le répertoire pour pdftk ces espaces engendrent une erreur.


J'ai pourtant placé l’antislash avant mes espace dans l'affectation des 
variables.


tampon=/user/Document/cachet*\ *pdf

Merci par avance

François-Marie

Re: Q: Gnome network odd

[Tixy]

On Wed, 2024-01-31 at 22:12 -0600, David Wright wrote:
> > I also have a more vague memory that you could put config into
> > /etc/network/interfaces then in some circumstance NetworkManager
> > would
> > not try and manage that interface, and in others it would take
> > over.
> > (Perhaps selected by allow hotplug option in the ifupdown config?)
> 
> That seems unlikely. Perhaps you're thinking of NM's ifupdown plugin
> that allows you to use the configuration in /e/n/i. I'm assuming the
> OP has not installed that in their sleep.

They wouldn't need to because it looks like it's shipped with the main
network-manage package which contains various files with 'plugin' in
their name, including libnm-settings-plugin-ifupdown.so.

As we've seen from the OPs latest reply, the plugin is configured to
not manage interfaces.

-- 
Tixy

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Marco Moock]

Max Nikulin schrieb:
On a *removable* drive EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi (that is actually 
/usr/lib/shim/shimx64.efi.signed that loads grubx64.efi) may allow to 
boot without modification of boot entries in NVRAM.
Yes, UEFI can (and must be able) to boot from a device without a boot 
entry in the UEFI. Otherwise you wouldn't be able to install an OS.
You can boot such a device by simply selecting the device in the UEFI 
boot manager. Often it shows the model number of the device.
Likely it is implementation-dependent whether a drive with GPT 
partition table is considered as a removable. For regular (internal) 
drives UEFI requires GPT.

MBR should also work.

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[hw]

On Wed, 2024-01-31 at 23:28 +0100, Nicolas George wrote:
> hw (12024-01-31):
> > Well, I doubt it.
> 
> Well, doubt it all you want. In the meantime, we will continue to use
> it.
> 
> Did not read the rest, not interested in red herring nightmare
> scenarios.
> 

You'll figure it out eventually.  Meanwhile, you may be happier by
unscrubscribing from all mailing lists since you're not interested in
what people have to say.  In any case, I'm filtering all emails from
you right into trash folder now.

Re: Automatically installing GRUB on multiple drives

[Max Nikulin]

On 01/02/2024 05:45, hw wrote:

It would make sense that all the UEFI BIOSs would be fixed so that
they do not create this problem in the first place like they
shouldn't.


Besides regular boots, sometimes it is necessary to update firmware and 
.efi files loaded for this purpose may write logs or other .efi files 
(that should be applied after reboot) to ESP. Likely I have seen that 
with HP firmware.


APT likely have hooks that run after install/upgrade and may be used to 
synchronize ESP partitions mounted to different paths.

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Max Nikulin]

On 02/02/2024 01:46, Dmitry wrote:

3. Now I want to boot using that Flash.

1. ESP is a partition that stores GRUB Binary. /boot/EFI/Name/grub64.eif


On a *removable* drive EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi (that is actually 
/usr/lib/shim/shimx64.efi.signed that loads grubx64.efi) may allow to 
boot without modification of boot entries in NVRAM. Likely it is 
implementation-dependent whether a drive with GPT partition table is 
considered as a removable. For regular (internal) drives UEFI requires 
GPT. I do not suggest you to use msdos partition table that might be 
suitable for live media, not for installation with multiple partitions 
including Linux native file systems.



3. At the system partition there is a /boot/grub/grub.cfg


There are 2 grub.cfg: for ESP and for /boot

Re: Q: Gnome network odd

[David Wright]

On Fri 02 Feb 2024 at 01:18:51 (+0900), Byunghee HWANG (황병희) wrote:
> On Wed, 2024-01-31 at 22:12 -0600, David Wright wrote:
> > On Tue 30 Jan 2024 at 07:05:55 (+), Tixy wrote:
> > > On Mon, 2024-01-29 at 23:49 -0600, David Wright wrote:
> > > > I would tend to think that:
> > > > 
> > > > . The debian-installer installs ifupdown by default when you don't
> > > >   install a Desktop Manager like Gnome,
> > > > 
> > > > . The debian-installer installs NetworkManager by default if you do
> > > >   install a Desktop Manager like Gnome,
> > > > 
> > > > . It shouldn't do both.
> > > 
> > > My experience, admittedly from a few releases ago, is that ifupdown is
> > > always installed but that the installer doesn't populate it's config
> > > files with the found network interfaces, only the loopback interface.
> > 
> > AIUI that would be normal behaviour when the DE installs its own
> > choice of package to handle the network.
> > 
> > But it's also what happens when you install over wifi and don't
> > select a DE: the wifi configuration is removed as the last step
> > in the installation process. It's a (mis)feature/bug that's been
> > discussed for years.
> > 
> > > I also have a more vague memory that you could put config into
> > > /etc/network/interfaces then in some circumstance NetworkManager would
> > > not try and manage that interface, and in others it would take over.
> > > (Perhaps selected by allow hotplug option in the ifupdown config?)
> > 
> > That seems unlikely. Perhaps you're thinking of NM's ifupdown plugin
> > that allows you to use the configuration in /e/n/i. I'm assuming the
> > OP has not installed that in their sleep. Max's request for printing
> > the configuration could confirm that.
> 
> For now it works all. And still i'm on Debian Sid. Just i attach some
> results from Max's request:

[ … ]

> soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ apt list '~i~nnetwork-manager'
> Listing... Done

That doesn't reveal whether ifupdown is installed.

[ … ]

> soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --print-config
> # NetworkManager configuration: /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
[ … ]
> plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
[ … ]
> [ifupdown]
> managed=false

so this applies:

 "managed

 "If set to false, then any interface listed in
  /etc/network/interfaces will be ignored by NetworkManager.
  Remember that NetworkManager controls the default route,
  so because the interface is ignored, NetworkManager may
  assign the default route to some other interface."

[ … ]

> soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ ls -l
> [ … ]
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  433 Oct  4 17:23 interfaces.orig

We need to see the contents of that file (with any passwords
redacted). Its size looks large enough to contain loopback,
ethernet and wireless interface configurations. This could
mean that ifupdown was giving you your connectivity when NM
was displaying a question mark.

Cheers,
David.

Re: printing problem, markdown files

[Dan Ritter]

gene heskett wrote: 
> On 2/1/24 12:24, Dan Ritter wrote:
> > gene heskett wrote:
> > pandoc -f markdown FILEIN.md -t pdf -o FILEOUT.pdf
> > 
> > will turn markdown into PDF, which you can probably print, if by
> > no other means than FTP to the printer itself. (Try it, Brothers
> > come with this by default.)
> > 
> 
> Thanks DSR.
> 
> Scanning thru the docs I don't see anything that looks like what the print
> job shops of the last century called a "binding ditch".  That is where the
> output file has say a 15mm blank space inserted on the left edge of odd
> numbered pages, while that same 15mm of blank space is inserted to the right
> of the text on even pages, leave a blank area to perfect bind the duplex
> pages w/o burying the text into the center crack of the opened pages. Have
> they adopted a new name for this?

Printers (the people) still call it that. 

You will also want to install latex ( apt install texlive-extra-utils 
will get you what you need)

pandoc options:

-V geometry:margin=1in

(all four sides)

-V geometry:left=3cm,right=3cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm

(separate values for each side)

and finally, what you probably want: 

-V geometry:twoside,left=15mm,right=30mm,top=2cm,bottom=3cm

I just tested that and it did a pretty nice job. My actual
command:

pandoc -f markdown -t pdf -V 
geometry:twoside,left=15mm,right=30mm,top=2cm,bottom=3cm test.md -o foo.pdf

-dsr-

Re: printing problem, markdown files

[gene heskett]

On 2/1/24 12:24, Dan Ritter wrote:

gene heskett wrote:

debian bookworm everting updated earlier this morning.

I have an about 125 page .md file I need hardcopy of.


If you don't have pandoc installed:

sudo apt install pandoc

then:

pandoc -f markdown FILEIN.md -t pdf -o FILEOUT.pdf

will turn markdown into PDF, which you can probably print, if by
no other means than FTP to the printer itself. (Try it, Brothers
come with this by default.)

pandoc will translate all sorts of formats into many other
formats; if you don't want PDF, HTML, docx, rtf and even epub
are available.

-dsr-


Thanks DSR.

Scanning thru the docs I don't see anything that looks like what the 
print job shops of the last century called a "binding ditch".  That is 
where the output file has say a 15mm blank space inserted on the left 
edge of odd numbered pages, while that same 15mm of blank space is 
inserted to the right of the text on even pages, leave a blank area to 
perfect bind the duplex pages w/o burying the text into the center crack 
of the opened pages. Have they adopted a new name for this?


Take care, stay well

Cheers, Gene Heskett, CET.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis

FAQ for Debian-user mailing list (modified 20240201)

[Andrew M.A. Cater]

Debian-user is a mailing list provided for support for Debian users,
and to facilitate discussion on relevant topics.

Codes of Conduct


* The list is a Debian communication forum. As such, it is subject to both
  the Debian mailing list Code of Conduct and the main Debian Code of Conduct
  https://www.debian.org/MailingLists/#codeofconduct
  https://www.debian.org/code_of_conduct
  
Guidelines for this list

Some guidelines which may help explain how the list should work:

Language


* The language on this mailing list is English. There may be other mailing
  lists that are language-specific, for example, debian-user-french or
  debian-user-catalan

* It is common for users to be redirected here from other lists, for example,
  from debian-project. It is also common for people to be posting here when
  English is not their primary language. Please be considerate.

Answering questions and contributing to discussions constructively
==

* This is a fairly busy mailing list but even so you may have to wait some
  time for an answer - please be patient.

* Help and advice on this list is provided by volunteers in their own time.
  It is common for there to be different opinions or answers provided.
  
* It is not necessary to answer every post on the mailing list.
  
* Be constructive in your responses. It may be that somebody else answers
  a question before you - if so, you should not reply simply in order to get
  the last word in, only reply if you can add useful information.

* Please try to stay on topic. Arguments for the sake of it are not
  welcome here. 

* Partisan political / religious / cultural arguments do not belong here
  either.

  Debian's community is world wide; do not assume others will agree with your
  views or need to read them on a Debian list.
  
Editing and answering mailing list posts


* It is helpful to write meaningful subject lines. If you change subject
  or emphasis in mid-thread, please change the subject line on your email
  accordingly so that this can be clearly seen. 

  For example: New question [WAS Old topic]

* It may also be useful for someone to post a summary email from time to
  time to explain long threads.
  
* Before posting, it may be useful to check your post for spelling mistakes
  and scan it for redundancy, duplicate words and redundancy.

* Clear replies and a short mailing list thread are much easier to
  read and follow than long threads.

* If you are replying to a post, please reply in-line if possible and 
  cut out extra text that is not relevant to your point.

Private replies and responding to posts off-list


* Please post answers back to the list so others can benefit: private
  conversations don't benefit people who may only be following
  along on the list or reading the archives later.

* We're only human: you may want to respond to someone off-list
  to make a point (or to wish them Happy Birthday / comment that you
  haven't seen them for a long time). We're also a community and the
  people you find on the list may become familiar friends
  
  BUT

* Posting outside the list can be unhelpful: bad behaviour outside the lists 
  can't easily be dealt with and will be invisible. You may inadvertently leak
  personal information by posting a private reply back to the list.

  If you *do* want to post outside the list - make it clear that you have done
  so at the top of the message. If someone replies to you privately and you
  think that this should go back to the list - ask them to post it to the list
  - do not just do so on their behalf without checking.

I can't see what I want here - help me!
===

* It is often useful to look through the archives to see whether the issue
  you wish to raise or a similar issue has been raised before by someone
  else. The top level link to the archives of this list is at
  https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/ organised by year, then month.

* Although there are only 20 or 30 regular contributors, there may
  be a couple of thousand readers in the background. Nobody is
  a mind reader, nobody can sit beside you. Please help by providing
  useful details if asked, especially which version of Debian you are
  running.
  
I'm not using Debian but ...


* Strictly, discussions of other distributions are off-topic here.
  Please note: advice on Linux distributions other than Debian will be
  only our best guess - other distributions may do things very differently.
  Any advice given accordingly may be inaccurate but is given in good faith.

FAQ topics
==

* There is an FAQ on the Debian wiki derived from some questions asked on this
  list at https://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser

This is a public list, archived in many places

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Marco Moock]

Am 01.02.2024 um 19:20:01 Uhr schrieb Tim Woodall:

> $ cat /boot/efi/EFI/XEN/xen.cfg
> [global]
> default=debian
> 
> [debian]
> options=console=vga smt=true
> kernel=vmlinuz root=/dev/mapper/vg--dirac-root ro quiet
> ramdisk=initrd.img
> 
> 
> menuentry "Xen EFI NVME" {
>  insmod part_gpt
>  insmod search_fs_uuid
>  insmod chain
> #set root=(hd1,gpt1)
>  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root C057-BC13
>  chainloader (hd1,gpt1)/EFI/XEN/xen.efi
> }

Then this file tells the boot loader about the /boot or / partition.
Is that the Xen virtualization software?

-- 
Gruß
Marco

Spam und Werbung bitte an ichschickerekl...@cartoonies.org

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Tim Woodall]

On Thu, 1 Feb 2024, Marco Moock wrote:


Am 02.02.2024 um 01:46:06 Uhr schrieb Dmitry:


2. ==>BAM<== some how that binary knows the system partition.


That information is on the EFI partition, where the GRUB bootloader
binary also resides.

root@ryz:/boot/efi/EFI# cat /boot/efi/EFI/debian/grub.cfg
search.fs_uuid 5b8b669d-xyz root hd0,gpt2 #boot partition
set prefix=($root)'/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
root@ryz:/boot/efi/EFI#

If that information is loaded, the kernel can be loaded from the boot
partition.





Are you sure that file does anything? I don't have one

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Dec 31  2017 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root   4096 Dec 25  2019 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 163840 Sep 11  2022 grubx64.efi


This finds my boot partition and then chainloads the XEN efi binary
which does have some config.

/boot/efi/EFI/XEN:
total 38204
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May  5  2023 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Dec 25  2019 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31132473 Aug 12 08:34 initrd.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  5283136 Aug 12 08:34 vmlinuz
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  138 May  5  2023 xen.cfg
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  2687456 Jun 20  2021 xen.efi

$ cat /boot/efi/EFI/XEN/xen.cfg
[global]
default=debian

[debian]
options=console=vga smt=true
kernel=vmlinuz root=/dev/mapper/vg--dirac-root ro quiet
ramdisk=initrd.img


menuentry "Xen EFI NVME" {
insmod part_gpt
insmod search_fs_uuid
insmod chain
#set root=(hd1,gpt1)
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root C057-BC13
chainloader (hd1,gpt1)/EFI/XEN/xen.efi
}

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Tim Woodall]

On Fri, 2 Feb 2024, Dmitry wrote:


Hi Tim. The community is so kind.

So.


I'm not exactly sure what you're doing.


Understand how GRUB works, to boot myself.

1. Trying to install Debian on the Flash.
2. Use it by the Debootstrap.
3. Now I want to boot using that Flash.

Looks like a caught the thread.

1. ESP is a partition that stores GRUB Binary. /boot/EFI/Name/grub64.eif
2. ==>BAM<== some how that binary knows the system partition.



because grub64.efi understands the disk layout and looks for it. You can
build your own

I'm not giving any guarantees - look at the date on this file:

$ ls -al test-uefi
-rw-r--r-- 1 tim tim 341 Dec 31  2018 test-uefi

$ cat test-uefi
grub-mkimage -o bootx64.efi -p /EFI/BOOT -O x86_64-efi \
 fat iso9660 part_gpt part_msdos \
 normal boot echo linux configfile loopback chain \
 efifwsetup efi_gop efi_uga \
 ls search search_label search_fs_uuid search_fs_file \
 gfxterm gfxterm_background gfxterm_menu test all_video loadenv \
 exfat ext2 lvm mdraid09 mdraid1x diskfilter

but that probably builds (or once worked) a .efi application that will
successfully boot a system by searching for grub.cfg. I don't remember
the details...

I also have this - take with a pinch of salt - I wrote this learning
about this system as you are trying to now...


$ ls -al uefi-notes
-rw-r--r-- 1 tim tim 2375 Dec  1  2018 uefi-notes

1 FDISK

g - create a new empty GPT partition table

p - create a primary partition
+128M (size)

t - change type
1 - EFI system

p - create primary partition
fill rest of disk

vgcreate vg-uefi-boot /dev/sdb2

lvcreate -L 128M -n boot vg-uefi-boot

lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n root vg-uefi-boot

mke2fs -j /dev/mapper/vg--uefi--boot-boot

mke2fs -j /dev/mapper/vg--uefi--boot-root

mkdosfs /dev/sdb1

mount /dev/vg-uefi-boot/root /mnt/image/

debootstrap --variant=minbase stretch /mnt/image ftp://einstein/debian/

mount -o bind /proc /mnt/image/proc
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/image/dev
mount -o bind /sys /mnt/image/sys

chroot /mnt/image /etc/kernel-img.conf

apt-get update
apt-get -y upgrade

apt-get -y install sysvinit-core
apt-get -y install openssh-server
apt-get -y install ifupdown
apt-get -y install grub-efi-amd64
apt-get -y install mdadm
apt-get -y install lvm2
apt-get -y install linux-image-amd64

grub-install

mkdir /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT
cp /boot/efi/EFI/debian/grubx64.efi /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi

update-grub

(update root password)

umount /boot/efi
umount /boot

EOF

umount /mnt/image/proc
umount /mnt/image/dev
umount /mnt/image/sys
umount /mnt/image/

vgchange -aln vg-uefi-boot

(Installed firmware-realtek)

mount /dev/vg-uefi-boot/root /mnt/image/
mount -o bind /proc /mnt/image/proc
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/image/dev
mount -o bind /sys /mnt/image/sys
chroot /mnt/image
mount -a

umount -a
exit

umount /mnt/image/proc
umount /mnt/image/dev
umount /mnt/image/sys
umount /mnt/image/
vgchange -aln vg-uefi-boot

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Marco Moock]

Am 02.02.2024 um 01:46:06 Uhr schrieb Dmitry:

> 2. ==>BAM<== some how that binary knows the system partition.

That information is on the EFI partition, where the GRUB bootloader
binary also resides.

root@ryz:/boot/efi/EFI# cat /boot/efi/EFI/debian/grub.cfg
search.fs_uuid 5b8b669d-xyz root hd0,gpt2 #boot partition
set prefix=($root)'/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
root@ryz:/boot/efi/EFI#

If that information is loaded, the kernel can be loaded from the boot
partition.


-- 
Gruß
Marco

Spam und Werbung bitte an ichschickerekl...@cartoonies.org

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Dmitry]

Hi Tim. The community is so kind.

So.

> I'm not exactly sure what you're doing.

Understand how GRUB works, to boot myself.

1. Trying to install Debian on the Flash.
2. Use it by the Debootstrap.
3. Now I want to boot using that Flash.

Looks like a caught the thread.

1. ESP is a partition that stores GRUB Binary. /boot/EFI/Name/grub64.eif
2. ==>BAM<== some how that binary knows the system partition.
3. At the system partition there is a /boot/grub/grub.cfg
4. And at that /boot/grub/grub.cfg is UUID and etc. to start Booting.

But the question is on the step 2. /boot/EFI/Name/grub64.efi knows where
to start /boot/grub/grub.cfg that resides at the absolutely different partition.

Interesting.
But the question already asked. Now it possible to find the answer.

Thank you!

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Marco Moock]

Am 02.02.2024 um 00:09:56 Uhr schrieb Dmitry:

> I made experiments with a FlashDrive, and create GPT there,
> if I want to use standard Debian Image how I should partition that
> flash drive (MBR, GPT)?

Do you want to install the OS on it?
For the partition table, I recommend GPT.

Do you want an encrypted system?

>  > Do you need a special configuration here or is the default just
>  > fine?  
> 
> Need just working one. But I am confusing about how GRUB would get a
> plenty of things related to filesystem, kernel location and so on.

That is being done be the installer. If you don't need special
configuration, use the install process. It does everything for you.

-- 
Gruß
Marco

Spam und Werbung bitte an ichschickerekl...@cartoonies.org

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Dmitry]

Huge thanks.
Your message starts the understanding.
And as well give a plenty of texts to read.

> EFI/debian/grub.cfg on the EFI System Partition contains filesystem UUID 
where grub files reside.


All parts are simple But when compounding them together become messy.

In the Manjaro:
/boot/EFI/Majaro/grub64x.efi - binary to start by UEFI.
/boot/grub/grub.cfg - shell (?) script with configurations.
/boot/vimlinuz.* - the kernel.

And if call a `lsblk`.
Only a /boot/efi with a binary is a separate partiton.

Things become more clear.

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Tim Woodall]

On Thu, 1 Feb 2024, Dmitry wrote:


Greetings!

After:
1. Creating GPT table and GPT partition with fdisk.
2. Copy data with a debootstrap.
3. Chroot into newly creating system.

I need to prepare that system for booting.
1. Install Kernel.
2. Install GRUB and Configure.
3. Add changes to UEFI to start booting.

And at the point two (Install GRUB) I a little bit confused.

1. Need to create ESP, and put GRUB there.
2. Need to configure GRUB to select appropriate kernel and ramdisk.


I'm not exactly sure what you're doing. But the "trick" to doing most of
this in a chroot is to bind mount /dev, /proc, /sys and /run into the
chroot.

Then things like installing the kernel, building the initrd etc
(usually) just work.

"Add changes to UEFI to start booting" depends on the actual hardware
that will boot. If you're preparing images on one system to boot on
another then that bit you'll have to solve by booting the hardware.

I'd probably pick a live distro but it's theoretically[1] possible to
generate your own bootx64.efi that will then boot your system. Once it's
booted you can then use the normal tools to replace it with a more
easily maintained debian solution.

[1] Not just theoretical, I've actually done it once long ago.

GTK4 with Gnome Builder

[Serkan Kurt]

Hello.
I'm trying to learn GTK4 programming with Gnome Builder. However, although
I can make the applications at "
https://docs.gtk.org/gtk4/getting_started.html; as described, I cannot
succeed with gnome-builder. When I replace the "#include "
header with the "#include " header, there is progress,
but I still get messages stating that it cannot find some library headers.
I'm trying to do this in an empty meson project.

How can I run the applications at the address given above with an empty
meson project instead of the terminal?

Best regards.

Re: printing problem, markdown files

[Teemu Likonen]

* 2024-02-01 11:57:50-0500, gene heskett wrote:

> I have an about 125 page .md file I need hardcopy of.

Maybe install "okular" and "okular-extra-backends" which includes
markdown backend. Open your .md file in Okular which then renders it
nicely. Print.

-- 
/// Teemu Likonen - .-.. https://www.iki.fi/tlikonen/
// OpenPGP: 6965F03973F0D4CA22B9410F0F2CAE0E07608462


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: printing problem, markdown files

[Dan Ritter]

gene heskett wrote: 
> debian bookworm everting updated earlier this morning.
> 
> I have an about 125 page .md file I need hardcopy of.

If you don't have pandoc installed:

sudo apt install pandoc

then:

pandoc -f markdown FILEIN.md -t pdf -o FILEOUT.pdf

will turn markdown into PDF, which you can probably print, if by
no other means than FTP to the printer itself. (Try it, Brothers
come with this by default.)

pandoc will translate all sorts of formats into many other
formats; if you don't want PDF, HTML, docx, rtf and even epub
are available.

-dsr-

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Dmitry]

> Why don't you use the normal setup?

Spend a lot of time on research, it would be nice to finish.

I made experiments with a FlashDrive, and create GPT there,
if I want to use standard Debian Image how I should partition that
flash drive (MBR, GPT)?

> Do you need a special configuration here or is the default just fine?

Need just working one. But I am confusing about how GRUB would get a
plenty of things related to filesystem, kernel location and so on.

> If you create a separate boot partition (do you really need it?), it
must be mounted at /boot.

Here where the mess starts. How GRUB and Kernel would get information about
all this mounting points during the Boot.

Re: Wine in bullseye, which way to go?

[skoric]

> Am 01.02.2024 schrieb sko...@uns.ac.rs:
>
>> CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
> Model name: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU T4500
>
> That processor can run amd64 Debian, so install that architecture.
>
>

I am not sure what do you mean by "install that architecture". I have been
using i386 versions of Debian, and I do not plan to reinstall it now just
because the CPU may allow that. So instead, I ask whether it was expected
and properly when Synaptic installed lots of 64-bit stuff during Wine
installation from repo. Was it ok or not? Or shall I remove it and follow
instructions from WineHQ website?

printing problem, markdown files

[gene heskett]

debian bookworm everting updated earlier this morning.

I have an about 125 page .md file I need hardcopy of.
I have loaded into geany which recognizes it as an .md file but it had 
so 300 char lines so I've gone thru it and reformmated the long lines to 
a max of 72 chars.


1: Unfortunately, both printers now suddenly have no left borders so 
there's no "binding ditch" when printed duplex, no room for 3 hole 
punching the printout.  So I had geany print the line numbers which will 
use up some damageable space used by the hole puncher.


2. I have also lost the top border, so a 90% shrink to assure the 
printer does not line wrap, no longer centers it on the page, a 2nd 
rather revolting development.


3. I am supposedly using brothers drivers (cups_browsed is not 
installed) which can make both printers do everything they can do. Those 
are NOT $49 walmart specials, but $130 and $750 printers that can and 
have done flawlees book length++ printouts in the past. htop says I am 
using the brother drivers, but I recall the print manager that pops up 
when you click on any editors print menu having those features until 
fairly recently, but that popup menu no longer has an options tab used 
to set that stuff.


Does anyone know of a fix?

Thanks for any help

Cheers, Gene Heskett, CET.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Max Nikulin]

On 01/02/2024 22:54, Marco Moock wrote:

Am 01.02.2024 schrieb Dmitry:

Use gdisk for that.
You can create an EFI partition there.
Choose Type EFI (EF00), 100MB.
Format it with FAT32.


550MiB is recommended in "Preparing your ESP"
http://www.rodsbooks.com/linux-uefi/#installing
see also
https://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/advice.html#esp_sizing
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/BiggerESP


2. Need to configure GRUB to select appropriate kernel and ramdisk.


Do you need a special configuration here or is the default just fine?


EFI/debian/grub.cfg on the EFI System Partition contains filesystem UUID 
where grub files reside.


After installing grub check that NVRAM has an appropriate entry

efibootmgr -v


How GRUB would understand where to be install and where is the kernel?


It loads files from filesystem on the specified partition. Unlike for 
BIOS device blocks are not involved.

Re: Q: Gnome network odd

[황병희]

Hellow David,

On Wed, 2024-01-31 at 22:12 -0600, David Wright wrote:
> On Tue 30 Jan 2024 at 07:05:55 (+), Tixy wrote:
> > On Mon, 2024-01-29 at 23:49 -0600, David Wright wrote:
> > > I would tend to think that:
> > > 
> > > . The debian-installer installs ifupdown by default when you
> > > don't
> > >   install a Desktop Manager like Gnome,
> > > 
> > > . The debian-installer installs NetworkManager by default if you
> > > do
> > >   install a Desktop Manager like Gnome,
> > > 
> > > . It shouldn't do both.
> > > 
> > 
> > My experience, admittedly from a few releases ago, is that ifupdown
> > is
> > always installed but that the installer doesn't populate it's
> > config
> > files with the found network interfaces, only the loopback
> > interface.
> 
> AIUI that would be normal behaviour when the DE installs its own
> choice of package to handle the network.
> 
> But it's also what happens when you install over wifi and don't
> select a DE: the wifi configuration is removed as the last step
> in the installation process. It's a (mis)feature/bug that's been
> discussed for years.
> 
> > I also have a more vague memory that you could put config into
> > /etc/network/interfaces then in some circumstance NetworkManager
> > would
> > not try and manage that interface, and in others it would take
> > over.
> > (Perhaps selected by allow hotplug option in the ifupdown config?)
> 
> That seems unlikely. Perhaps you're thinking of NM's ifupdown plugin
> that allows you to use the configuration in /e/n/i. I'm assuming the
> OP has not installed that in their sleep. Max's request for printing
> the configuration could confirm that.
> 

For now it works all. And still i'm on Debian Sid. Just i attach some
results from Max's request:


soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ LANG=C.UTF-8
soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ date
Fri Feb  2 01:04:53 KST 2024
soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ ls -l
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  7 18:51 if-down.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  8 19:45 if-post-down.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  8 19:45 if-pre-up.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  7 18:51 if-up.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 24  2023 interfaces.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  433 Oct  4 17:23 interfaces.orig
soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ apt list '~i~nnetwork-manager'
Listing... Done
network-manager-config-connectivity-debian/unstable,now 1.44.2-7 all
[installed]
network-manager-dev/unstable,now 1.44.2-7 all [installed]
network-manager-fortisslvpn-gnome/unstable,now 1.4.0-1 amd64
[installed]
network-manager-fortisslvpn/unstable,now 1.4.0-1 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-gnome/unstable,now 1.34.0-2 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-iodine-gnome/unstable,now 1.2.0-3.3 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-iodine/unstable,now 1.2.0-3.3 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-l2tp-gnome/unstable,now 1.20.10-1 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-l2tp/unstable,now 1.20.10-1 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-openconnect-gnome/unstable,now 1.2.10-3 amd64
[installed]
network-manager-openconnect/unstable,now 1.2.10-3 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-openvpn-gnome/unstable,now 1.10.2-4 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-openvpn/unstable,now 1.10.2-4 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-pptp-gnome/unstable,now 1.2.12-3 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-pptp/unstable,now 1.2.12-3 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-ssh-gnome/unstable,now 1.2.11-1.1 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-ssh/unstable,now 1.2.11-1.1 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-sstp-gnome/unstable,now 1.3.2-1 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-sstp/unstable,now 1.3.2-1 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-strongswan/unstable,now 1.6.0-3 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-vpnc-gnome/unstable,now 1.2.8-7 amd64 [installed]
network-manager-vpnc/unstable,now 1.2.8-7 amd64 [installed]
network-manager/unstable,now 1.44.2-7 amd64 [installed]
soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$ /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --print-
config
# NetworkManager configuration: /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
(lib: 20-connectivity-debian.conf, no-mac-addr-change.conf)

[main]
# rc-manager=
# migrate-ifcfg-rh=false
# auth-polkit=true
# dhcp=internal
# iwd-config-path=
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
configure-and-quit=no

[connectivity]
uri=http://network-test.debian.org/nm

[ifupdown]
managed=false

[logging]
# backend=journal
# audit=true

[device]
# wifi.backend=wpa_supplicant

[device-31-mac-addr-change]
match-device=driver:eagle_sdio,driver:wl
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no

# no-auto-default file "/var/lib/NetworkManager/no-auto-default.state"
soyeomul@thinkpad-e495:/etc/network$


Plus, my INTERNET Router is LG Smartphone (LGM-V300K). By Mobile
Hotspot (SK Telecom), thanks!

 
Sincerely, Byunghee

-- 
^고맙습니다 _布德天下_ 감사합니다_^))//

Re: install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Marco Moock]

Am 01.02.2024 schrieb Dmitry :

Why don't you use the normal setup?
It does many tasks for you.

> After:
> 1. Creating GPT table and GPT partition with fdisk.

Use gdisk for that.
You can create an EFI partition there.
Choose Type EFI (EF00), 100MB.
Format it with FAT32.

> And at the point two (Install GRUB) I a little bit confused.
> 
> 1. Need to create ESP

Do that before the install with gdisk.

> and put GRUB there.

That is done automatically if it is mounted at /boot/efi.

> 2. Need to configure GRUB to select appropriate kernel and ramdisk.

Do you need a special configuration here or is the default just fine?

> How to create a ESP partition and mount it to /boot?

That must be mounted to /boot/efi.

If you create a separate boot partition (do you really need it?), it
must be mounted at /boot.

> How GRUB would understand where to be install and where is the kernel?

It chooses by the path.
grub-install is the command, no device as parameter.

Re: Wine in bullseye, which way to go?

[Marco Moock]

Am 01.02.2024 schrieb sko...@uns.ac.rs:

> CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Model name: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU T4500

That processor can run amd64 Debian, so install that architecture.

Re: Wine in bullseye, which way to go?

[skoric]

> Am 01.02.2024 schrieb Miroslav Skoric :
>
>> This time I was puzzled when noticed that Synaptic installed lots of
>> amd64 packages even though my system is i386.
>
> Run
> uname -a
> lscpu
>
> and post it here.
>
> If your system is i386 only, amd64 software can't run on it.
> Remove that architecture from dpkg.
>
>

uname -a
Linux localhost 5.10.0-27-686 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.205-2 (2023-12-31) i686
GNU/Linux

lscpu
Architecture:   i686
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
Address sizes:  36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s): 2
On-line CPU(s) list:0,1
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 2
Socket(s):  1
Vendor ID:  GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model:  23
Model name: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU   T4500 
@ 2.30
GHz
Stepping:   10
CPU MHz:1316.130
CPU max MHz:2300.
CPU min MHz:1200.
BogoMIPS:   4588.77
L1d cache:  64 KiB
L1i cache:  64 KiB
L2 cache:   1 MiB
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:KVM: Mitigation: VMX unsupported
Vulnerability L1tf: Vulnerable
Vulnerability Mds:  Vulnerable: Clear CPU buffers
attempted, no
microcode; SMT disabled
Vulnerability Meltdown: Vulnerable
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:  Unknown: No mitigations
Vulnerability Retbleed: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1:   Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers
and __u
ser pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:   Mitigation; Retpolines, STIBP
disabled, RSB
filling, PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:  Not affected
Flags:  fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8
apic sep
mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush
dts acpi
 mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe nx lm
constant_
tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts cpuid
aperfmperf p
ni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3
cx16
xtpr pdcm xsave lahf_lm dtherm

install Kernel and GRUB in chroot.

[Dmitry]

Greetings!

After:
1. Creating GPT table and GPT partition with fdisk.
2. Copy data with a debootstrap.
3. Chroot into newly creating system.

I need to prepare that system for booting.
1. Install Kernel.
2. Install GRUB and Configure.
3. Add changes to UEFI to start booting.

And at the point two (Install GRUB) I a little bit confused.

1. Need to create ESP, and put GRUB there.
2. Need to configure GRUB to select appropriate kernel and ramdisk.

Could you help me a little bit?

How to create a ESP partition and mount it to /boot?
If a ESP partition a simple Partition formatted to FAT32?
How GRUB would understand where to be install and where is the kernel?

And the last one. If I want to step back. And just use a USB stick with
predefined image, what kind of partition table I should create there MBR or GPT?

Thank you!

|RESOLU] [HS] aide à la traduction

[Norbert Ponce]

Merci à tous, vous avez levé mes inquiétudes.

Le 01/02/2024 à 06:35, k6dedi...@free.fr a écrit :

Bonjour Norbert,
Lorsque tu veux traduire un texte, tu le sélectionne, puis le copie et enfin tu 
le mets dans la case de la fenêtre d'un moteur de traduction comme :
https://www.deepl.com/translator
ou
https://www.bing.com/Translator

Voilà
Cassis



- Mail d'origine -
De: Norbert Ponce 
À: debian-user-french@lists.debian.org
Envoyé: Wed, 31 Jan 2024 15:02:58 +0100 (CET)
Objet: [HS] aide à la traduction

Bonjour,
J'ai reçu plusieurs messages comme celui que je vous transmets. Je ne
maîtrise aucunement l'anglais.
Quelqu'un pourrait-il m'expliquer de quoi il s'agit et ce qu'il faut que
je fasse.
Merci


 Message transféré 
Sujet : lists.debian.org has received bounces from 
ponce.norb...@orange.fr
Date :  Sun, 28 Jan 2024 10:45:27 + (UTC)
De :Debian Listmaster Team 
Répondre à :listmas...@lists.debian.org
Pour :  ponce.norb...@orange.fr



Dear subscriber,

We've encountered some problems while sending listmail to your
emailaddress ponce.norb...@orange.fr.

In the last seven days we've seen bounces for the following list:
* debian-user-french
1 bounce out of 39 mails in 7 days (2%, kick-score is 80%)
(https://lists.debian.org/bounces/MzZq8GgorlrkIynI7O8JoA)

(The link above points to a copy of the latest bounce
and will be valid for seven days.)

If the bounce-rate passes the kick-score, our bounce-detection will forcibly
remove your subscription.

Bounces happen from time to time when spam slips through our filters but are
rejected by your mail provider. If you are your own mail provider and use
'Before-Queue Content filtering', you should whitelist bendel.debian.org
from
Content filtering.

However: You can safely ignore this message (and you will not be
unsubscribed
:-) ) if your bounce rate remains low.

For more information see https://wiki.debian.org/Teams/ListMaster/FAQ

You are welcome to contact listmas...@lists.debian.org if you think this
message was sent in error.

Sincerely,
The Listmaster Team

Re: Wine in bullseye, which way to go?

[Marco Moock]

Am 01.02.2024 schrieb Miroslav Skoric :

> This time I was puzzled when noticed that Synaptic installed lots of 
> amd64 packages even though my system is i386.

Run
uname -a
lscpu

and post it here.

If your system is i386 only, amd64 software can't run on it.
Remove that architecture from dpkg.

Re: Probelms with apparmor

[Gareth Evans]

> On 1/31/24 17:58, Gareth Evans wrote:
>>
>>> On 31 Jan 2024, at 22:27, Steven Truppe  wrote:
>>>
>>> Hey,
>>>
>>>
>>> i've the follwoing trouble: when i try to run certain apps it takes
>>> forever tostart. i can get rid of the troble by typing $service apparmor
>>> reload but that's not a partmanent soutoin.
>>>
>>> can someone pleae help me out here ?
>>>
>>>
>>> best regards!
>>>
>> Which apps?
>>
>> Is there any relevant output at the point at which a delay occurs, and 
>> perhaps just afterwards, if you start an affected program from the terminal?
>>
>> I wonder if aa-complain may be of use to you, but first things first...
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Gareth

Steven replied off-list, reposted here with permission:

On Thu 01/02/2024 at 01:46, Steven Truppe  wrote:
> most of the time iit hands when he tried to open up  a file selection dialog

This doesn't sound like an apparmor issue to me, but it would be good to know 
if there is anything suggestive (of any issue) in the logs.

# cat /var/log/syslog

or

# journalctl --system --no-pager 

You can append "|grep apparmor" to both of the above to filter for 
apparmor-related output, but it might be interesting to see if anything else is 
happening too.  "|grep -v apparmor" will filter OUT apparmor stuff, which might 
be useful once you've seen it.

What sort of disks does the system have, and how many?  Do you have any remote 
filesystems, cloud "sync" facilities, etc, such as Google Drive?

Which desktop environment are you using, if any?

Thanks,
Gareth

Wine in bullseye, which way to go?

[Miroslav Skoric]

Hi!

As I have some Windows software (for ham radio) that does not have 
adequate Linux versions, I wanted to install Wine and some related 
packages from the bullseye repository (wine, q4wine, winetricks, 
playonlinux, etc). By the way, I had Wine with buster earlier, and most 
Windows software worked more or less flawlessly, but I deinstalled all 
that software and Wine before I upgraded buster to bullseye.


This time I was puzzled when noticed that Synaptic installed lots of 
amd64 packages even though my system is i386. Also, it removed some 
packages, and also reported few errors or like. Finally, no Windows 
software wanted to run, instead q4wine returned "Exit -1" or like.


See bellow some details for particular packages installation:

(Wine)

Removing portaudio19-dev:i386 (19.6.0-1.1) ...
Removing libjack-dev (1:0.125.0-3+b1) ...
dpkg: libjack0:i386: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you 
requested:
 mpv depends on libjack-jackd2-0 (>= 1.9.10+20150825) | libjack-0.125; 
however:

  Package libjack-jackd2-0 is not installed.
  Package libjack-0.125 is not installed.
  Package libjack0:i386 which provides libjack-0.125 is to be removed.
 mplayer depends on libjack-jackd2-0 (>= 1.9.10+20150825) | 
libjack-0.125; however:

  Package libjack-jackd2-0 is not installed.
  Package libjack-0.125 is not installed.
  Package libjack0:i386 which provides libjack-0.125 is to be removed.
 libportaudio2:i386 depends on libjack-jackd2-0 (>= 1.9.10+20150825) | 
libjack-0.125; however:

  Package libjack-jackd2-0 is not installed.
  Package libjack-0.125 is not installed.
  Package libjack0:i386 which provides libjack-0.125 is to be removed.
 libfluidsynth2:i386 depends on libjack-jackd2-0 (>= 1.9.10+20150825) | 
libjack-0.125; however:

  Package libjack-jackd2-0 is not installed.
  Package libjack-0.125 is not installed.
  Package libjack0:i386 which provides libjack-0.125 is to be removed.
 libavdevice58:i386 depends on libjack-jackd2-0 (>= 1.9.10+20150825) | 
libjack-0.125; however:

  Package libjack-jackd2-0 is not installed.
  Package libjack-0.125 is not installed.
  Package libjack0:i386 which provides libjack-0.125 is to be removed.
 libasound2-plugins:i386 depends on libjack-jackd2-0 (>= 
1.9.10+20150825) | libjack-0.125; however:

  Package libjack-jackd2-0 is not installed.
  Package libjack-0.125 is not installed.
  Package libjack0:i386 which provides libjack-0.125 is to be removed.
 gstreamer1.0-plugins-good:i386 depends on libjack-jackd2-0 (>= 
1.9.10+20150825) | libjack-0.125; however:

  Package libjack-jackd2-0 is not installed.
  Package libjack-0.125 is not installed.
  Package libjack0:i386 which provides libjack-0.125 is to be removed.
Removing libjack0:i386 (1:0.125.0-3+b1) ...
Setting up gcc-10-base:amd64 (10.2.1-6) ...
Setting up libgcc-s1:amd64 (10.2.1-6) ...
Setting up libcrypt1:amd64 (1:4.4.18-4) ...
Setting up libc6:amd64 (2.31-13+deb11u7) ...
Setting up libgpg-error0:amd64 (1.38-2) ...
Setting up libgcrypt20:amd64 (1.8.7-6) ...
Setting up liblz4-1:amd64 (1.9.3-2) ...
Setting up liblzma5:amd64 (5.2.5-2.1~deb11u1) ...
Setting up libzstd1:amd64 (1.4.8+dfsg-2.1) ...
Setting up libexpat1:amd64 (2.2.10-2+deb11u5) ...
Setting up libgraphite2-3:amd64 (1.3.14-1) ...
Setting up liblcms2-2:amd64 (2.12~rc1-2) ...
Setting up libpixman-1-0:amd64 (0.40.0-1.1~deb11u1) ...
Setting up libcdparanoia0:amd64 (3.10.2+debian-13.1) ...
Setting up ipp-usb (0.9.17-3+b4) ...
ipp-usb.service is a disabled or a static unit, not starting it.
Setting up libvo-amrwbenc0:amd64 (0.1.3-2) ...
Setting up libxau6:amd64 (1:1.0.9-1) ...
Setting up libraw1394-11:amd64 (2.1.2-2) ...
Setting up libkeyutils1:amd64 (1.6.1-2) ...
Setting up libgpm2:amd64 (1.20.7-8) ...
Setting up libmpg123-0:amd64 (1.26.4-1) ...
Setting up libogg0:amd64 (1.3.4-0.1) ...
Setting up libspeex1:amd64 (1.2~rc1.2-1.1) ...
Setting up libshine3:amd64 (3.1.1-2) ...
Setting up libtwolame0:amd64 (0.4.0-2) ...
Setting up libdatrie1:amd64 (0.2.13-1) ...
Setting up libgsm1:amd64 (1.0.18-2) ...
Setting up libvisual-0.4-0:amd64 (0.4.0-17) ...
Setting up libcapi20-3:amd64 (1:3.27-3+b1) ...
Setting up libglvnd0:amd64 (1.3.2-1) ...
Setting up libssl1.1:amd64 (1.1.1w-0+deb11u1) ...
Setting up libaom0:amd64 (1.0.0.errata1-3+deb11u1) ...
Setting up libbrotli1:amd64 (1.0.9-2+b2) ...
Setting up libsqlite3-0:amd64 (3.34.1-3) ...
Setting up libsasl2-modules:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-2.1+deb11u1) ...
Setting up libffi7:amd64 (3.3-6) ...
Setting up libvkd3d1:i386 (1.1-5) ...
Setting up libnghttp2-14:amd64 (1.43.0-1+deb11u1) ...
Setting up libunistring2:amd64 (0.9.10-4) ...
Setting up libdeflate0:amd64 (1.7-1) ...
Setting up zlib1g:amd64 (1:1.2.11.dfsg-2+deb11u2) ...
Setting up libidn2-0:amd64 (2.3.0-5) ...
Setting up libcom-err2:amd64 (1.46.2-2) ...
Setting up libgomp1:amd64 (10.2.1-6) ...
Setting up libxvidcore4:amd64 (2:1.3.7-1) ...
Setting up libunwind8:amd64 (1.3.2-2) ...
Setting up libx264-160:amd64 (2:0.160.3011+gitcde9a93-2.1) ...
Setting up libjbig0:amd64 

Re: Cifrado de disco sin contraseña

[Josu Lazkano]

Muchas gracias!

Voy a revisar el enlace, os informo de cualquier avance.

Un saludo.

El jue, 1 feb 2024 a las 8:57, Roberto José Blandino Cisneros (<
rojobland...@gmail.com>) escribió:

> El 31/1/24 a las 13:41, Josu Lazkano escribió:
>
> Buenas,
>
> Llevo tiempo cifrando las particiones de Debian mediante LUKS, funciona
> muy bien. Pide una contraseña en el arranque y se accede al sistema.
>
> Nunca he realizado cifrado de particiones, la verdad que no.
>
>
> Pero he visto que en algunos entornos corporativos, los equipos Windows se
> pueden cifrar con Bitlocker y no pide contraseña, se descifra al hacer un
> login correcto en dominio.
>
> Pero algo que podría ser equivalente es revisar si tu máquina soporta TPM
> y por ahí podes irte, pero sería desbloquear la partición desde el boot, al
> final lo cual no tendría mucho sentido y no sería recomendado.
>
> *** La otra posibilidad sería hacer uso del PAM, háchale un ojo a este
> link: "https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Mounting_at_login;
>  puedes
> tomarlo de referencia, creo que es lo que buscas.
>
> Pero siempre que sea un ordenador personal, en caso de ser multiusuario se
> requiere confiabilidad en este caso ya que para desbloquer se requiere
> siempre la misma contraseña.
>
> Entiendo que Windows hace algo similar, a menos que particiones el home
> para cada usuario y que cada usuario haga uso de su mismo password para
> cifrar y descifrar su propio /home/$user.
>
>
> ¿Sabeis si es posible hacer algo parecido en Debian? Que el disco esté
> cifrado y al hacer un login válido se descifre?
>
> Se agradece cualquier sugerencia o comentario.
>
> Un saludo.
>
> --
> Josu Lazkano
>
>
>

-- 
Josu Lazkano

Re : bibliothèque libre C ou C++ Debian compatible pour JSON5 ou HJSON

[nicolas . patrois]

Bonjour à tous,

Chose étrange, ça fait plusieurs fois que je lis une réponse à un message de la 
liste avant de recevoir le message ouvreur.
Les voies d’internet multimédia 0.2 sont impénétrables.

nicolas patrois : pts noir asocial
-- 
RÉALISME

M : Qu'est-ce qu'il nous faudrait pour qu'on nous considère comme des humains ? 
Un cerveau plus gros ?
P : Non... Une carte bleue suffirait...

Re: bibliothèque libre C ou C++ Debian compatible pour JSON5 ou HJSON

[didier gaumet]

Le 01/02/2024 à 09:48, Basile Starynkevitch a écrit :
[...]
JSON5 est une extension de JSON 

[...]

désolé, n'y connaissant rien, je croyais que JSON5 était une version 
officielle de JSON.


En regardant vite fait le site Json5, il semble que JSON5
 soit un sous-ensemble de ES5 (Ecmascript 5), donc peut-être chercher 
une bibliothèque C ou C++ Ecmasript (5 ou supérieure, la dernière spec 
semble la 7).


Ou alors je suis tombé sur ça, un parser JSON5 en C, je ne sais pas si 
ça peut te convenir:

https://gist.github.com/inlife/b54a0d9228e428284e1d8eccbed97e35

Re: problèmes de copie sur un montage smb, crash kernel

[Michel Verdier]

Le 31 janvier 2024 testeur a écrit :

> voici les droits du montage :
>
> ├─/mnt/xxx  /etc/autoxxx.smb  
>autofs  
> rw,relatime,fd=12,pgrp=1561,timeout=30,minproto=5,maxproto=5,indirect,pipe_ino=22915
> │ └─/mnt/xxx/conf
> //xx.xx.xx.xx/xxx/conf cifs
> rw,relatime,vers=3.1.1,cache=strict,username=xxx,uid=1000,noforceuid,gid=1000,noforcegid,addr=xx.xx.xx.xx,file_mode=0755,dir_mode=0755,soft,nounix,serverino,mapposix,rsize=4194304,wsize=4194304,bsize=1048576,echo_interval=60,actimeo=1,closetimeo=1

Tu peux peut-être essayer avec cache=none et hard (au lieu de soft) pour
voir si tu obtiens plus d'infos. Tu peux aussi jouer avec echo_interval
si ton réseau ou ton serveur distant est lent. Je ne me souviens plus
pour autofs mais son timeout ne devrait-il pas être plus élevé que celui
de cifs ?

Monthly FAQ for Debian-user mailing list (modified 20240201)

[Andrew M.A. Cater]

Debian-user is a mailing list provided for support for Debian users,
and to facilitate discussion on relevant topics.

Codes of Conduct


* The list is a Debian communication forum. As such, it is subject to both
  the Debian mailing list Code of Conduct and the main Debian Code of Conduct
  https://www.debian.org/MailingLists/#codeofconduct
  https://www.debian.org/code_of_conduct
  
Guidelines for this list

Some guidelines which may help explain how the list should work:

Language


* The language on this mailing list is English. There may be other mailing
  lists that are language-specific, for example, debian-user-french or
  debian-user-catalan

* It is common for users to be redirected here from other lists, for example,
  from debian-project. It is also common for people to be posting here when
  English is not their primary language. Please be considerate.

Answering questions and contributing to discussions constructively
==

* This is a fairly busy mailing list but even so you may have to wait some 
  time for an answer - please be patient.

* Help and advice on this list is provided by volunteers in their own time.
  It is common for there to be different opinions or answers provided.
  
* It is not necessary to answer every post on the mailing list.
  
* Be constructive in your responses. It may be that somebody else answers
  a question before you - if so, you should not reply simply in order to get
  the last word in, only reply if you can add useful information.

* Please try to stay on topic. Arguments for the sake of it are not
  welcome here. 

* Partisan political / religious / cultural arguments do not belong here
  either. 

  Debian's community is world wide; do not assume others will agree with your
  views or need to read them on a Debian list.
  
Editing and answering mailing list posts


* It is helpful to write meaningful subject lines. If you change subject
  or emphasis in mid-thread, please change the subject line on your email
  accordingly so that this can be clearly seen. 

  For example: New question [WAS Old topic]

* It may also be useful to for someone to post a summary email from time to
  time to explain long threads.
  
* Before posting, it may be useful to check your post for spelling mistakes
  and scan it for redundancy, duplicate words and redundancy.

* Clear replies and a short mailing list thread are much easier to
  read and follow than long threads.

* If you are replying to a post, please reply in-line if possible and 
  cut out extra text that is not relevant to your point.

Private replies and responding to posts off-list


* Please post answers back to the list so others can benefit: private
  conversations don't benefit people who may only be following
  along on the list or reading the archives later.

* We're only human: you may want to respond to someone off-list
  to make a point (or to wish them Happy Birthday / comment that you
  haven't seen them for a long time). We're also a community
  
  BUT

* Posting outside the list can be unhelpful: bad behaviour outside the lists 
  can't easily be dealt with and will be invisible. You may inadvertently leak
  personal information by posting a private reply back to the list.

  If you *do* want to post outside the list - make it clear that you have done
  so at the top of the message. If someone replies to you privately and you
  think that this should go back to the list - ask them to post it to the list
  - do not just do so on their behalf without checking.

I can't see what I want here - help me!
===

* It is often useful to look through the archives to see whether the issue
  you wish to raise or a similar issue has been raised before by someone
  else. The top level link to the archives of this list is at
  https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/ organised by year, then month.

* Although there are only 20 or 30 regular contributors, there may
  be a couple of thousand readers in the background. Nobody is
  a mind reader, nobody can sit beside you. Please help by providing
  useful details if asked, especially which version of Debian you are
  running.
  
I'm not using Debian but ...


* Strictly, discussions of other distributions are off-topic here.
  Please note: advice on Linux distributions other than Debian will be
  only our best guess - other distributions may do things very differently.
  Any advice given accordingly may be inaccurate but is given in good faith.

FAQ topics
==

* There is an FAQ on the Debian wiki derived from some questions asked on this
  list at https://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser

This is a public list, archived in many places
==

* One question that 

Re: Cifrado de disco sin contraseña

[Camaleón]

El 2024-01-31 a las 20:41 +0100, Josu Lazkano escribió:

> Llevo tiempo cifrando las particiones de Debian mediante LUKS, funciona muy
> bien. Pide una contraseña en el arranque y se accede al sistema.
> 
> Pero he visto que en algunos entornos corporativos, los equipos Windows se
> pueden cifrar con Bitlocker y no pide contraseña, se descifra al hacer un
> login correcto en dominio.

En ese caso no estará cifrado el disco completo, serán particiones, porque 
para iniciar sesión en el dominio hay que cargar previamente el sistema 
operativo, la UEFI, etc...

> ¿Sabeis si es posible hacer algo parecido en Debian? Que el disco esté
> cifrado y al hacer un login válido se descifre?
> 
> Se agradece cualquier sugerencia o comentario.

Dependerá de tu configuración (elementos en uso, objetivo...) en 
concreto pero este hilo de Reddit te puede servir o dar alguna idea de 
dónde mirar:


How to avoid typing password of LUKS encrypted server every boot? 
https://www.reddit.com/r/homelab/comments/14rjhgs/comment/jqufmr1/

SOLVED: Thanks to u/anomalyconcept for suggesting 
https://github.com/r-pufky/wireguard-initramfs in this comment. 


Específicamente para Debian:

Any actually working tutorial how to boot LUKS passwordless?
https://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?t=138238

Palabra clave para buscar en Google: debian luks passwordless

Saludos,

-- 
Camaleón 

Re: bibliothèque libre C ou C++ Debian compatible pour JSON5 ou HJSON

[Basile Starynkevitch]

On 2/1/24 09:32, didier gaumet wrote:

Bonjour,

je ne sais pas si tu y trouveras ce que tu cherches (je n'ai pas 
vérifié chaque solution) mais le site officiel Json propose une liste 
de bibliothèques et utilitaires par langage (dont C et C++) en bas de 
page:

https://www.json.org



Ça je connais et j'utilise déjà dans le moteur d'inférences libre 
http://refpersys.org/ la bibliothèque jsoncpp (et j'ai aussi regardé 
jansson). C'est pour JSON, pas JSON5 ou HJSON.


JSON5 est une extension de JSON (définie en https://spec.json5.org/ ...) 
qui est un peu moins verbeuse. Par exemple la ligne suivante est valide 
en JSON5 pas en JSON strict:


    { codage: utf8, chaine: "abcd\nef", longueur: 6,  }

En JSON strict on a le droit de coder seulement

   { "codage": "utf8", "chaine": "abcd\nef", "longueur": 6 }

et donc pour des données de l'ordre de la centaine de kilooctets ça fait 
une différence de taille. En plus JSON5 est plus lisible par un humain 
et accepte des commentaires.



Et HJSON est une spécification similaire, définie en 
https://hjson.github.io/ - permettant des chaines de caractères multilignes.



Actuellement (ce 1er fevrier 2024) 
https://github.com/RefPerSys/RefPerSys/ (un moteur d'inférences libre, 
pour lequel je cherche des collaborations futures, peut-être un 
consortium ITEA or HorizonEurope ou ANR) ne compile même pas. Je suis en 
train de réécrire son GNUmakefile en utilisant remake.


L'idée serait dans ce moteur d'inférences RefPerSys (voir 
http://refpersys.org/ - "REFlexive PERsistent SYStem") de persister son 
état dans des chaines litérales enormes dans des gros fichiers C++ 
générés par le moteur RefPerSys lui-même.


Voir les vidéos (en 2020) dans 
https://afia.asso.fr/journee-hommage-j-pitrat/


Librement

--
Basile Starynkevitch 
(only mine opinions / les opinions sont miennes uniquement)
92340 Bourg-la-Reine, France
web page: starynkevitch.net/Basile/
See/voir:   https://github.com/RefPerSys/RefPerSys

Re: bibliothèque libre C ou C++ Debian compatible pour JSON5 ou HJSON

[didier gaumet]

Bonjour,

je ne sais pas si tu y trouveras ce que tu cherches (je n'ai pas vérifié 
chaque solution) mais le site officiel Json propose une liste de 
bibliothèques et utilitaires par langage (dont C et C++) en bas de page:

https://www.json.org/json-en.html